README.md

@@ -24,6 +24,9 @@ runs-on: [self-hosted, vm]
   Cloud Hypervisor，退出后完整清理。
 - `guest-runner`：在 guest 中领取一次性 runner registration token，注册 ephemeral
   runner，执行一个 job 后关机。
+- `opensandbox-worker`：在正式 sandbox 集群通过 OpenSandbox `ci-vm` Pool 分配
+  Kata guest，按实际 Pod UID 创建临时 SPIFFE entry，并在任务结束后回收两者。身份
+  与 Pool 契约见 [`docs/opensandbox-runner.md`](docs/opensandbox-runner.md)。
 - `pod-worker`：在 Kubernetes 中创建一次性 privileged Pod；Pod 内的 workflow 使用
   host executor，Docker、BuildKit 和 kind 等工具由 pipeline 按需 setup。Runner 固定在
   支持原生 job hooks 的 3.x 版本，在 workflow 第一步前等待实际任务对应的 SVID。

container/runner.Dockerfile

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ COPY --from=runner /usr/local/bin/run.sh /usr/local/bin/run.sh
 COPY --from=spire /opt/spire/bin/spire-agent /opt/spire/bin/spire-agent
 COPY config/runner.yaml /etc/gitea-runner/config.yaml
 COPY --chmod=0755 scripts/gitea-job-started /usr/local/libexec/gitea-job-started
+COPY --chmod=0755 scripts/gitea-opensandbox-runner /usr/local/libexec/gitea-opensandbox-runner
 
 VOLUME ["/data"]
 WORKDIR /

docs/opensandbox-runner.md

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+# OpenSandbox Kata runner
+
+The OpenSandbox worker replaces the legacy direct Cloud Hypervisor launcher for
+jobs labelled `self-hosted, vm`. It runs in the sandbox Kubernetes cluster and
+uses two local control planes:
+
+1. OpenSandbox Lifecycle API creates a sandbox from the `ci-vm` Pool.
+2. Kubernetes API exposes the concrete BatchSandbox allocation and manages its
+   short-lived `ClusterStaticEntry`.
+
+## Identity ordering
+
+The worker sends the stable repository/job identity and a generated runner name
+as task environment. Once OpenSandbox has allocated a Pool Pod, the worker reads
+the Pod UID and creates an entry with:
+
+- parent: `spiffe://ddupan.top/spire/agent/k8s_psat/sandbox-kata/pod/<pod-uid>`;
+- workload: `spiffe://ddupan.top/ci/<owner>/<repository>/<job>`;
+- selector: `unix:uid:2000`.
+
+The Pool must run the runner task as UID 2000 and set
+`shareProcessNamespace: true`. Its guest-local SPIRE Agent uses a Pod-bound PSAT
+and exposes the Workload API through the shared `spire-agent-socket` emptyDir.
+The runner image starts through `gitea-opensandbox-runner`, which waits until the
+exact expected SVID is available before it registers with Gitea. This prevents a
+job from starting between Pod allocation and entry reconciliation.
+
+The UID selector is the boundary between containers in the same Kata Pod. The
+SPIRE Agent and privileged Docker daemon must not run as UID 2000. The runner may
+access Docker only through a group-owned Unix socket.
+
+## Required Pool contract
+
+The `ci-vm` Pool template owns infrastructure that callers cannot override in
+Pool mode:
+
+- `runtimeClassName: kata-clh-runtime-rs` with block-backed emptyDir storage;
+- runner image containing `gitea-opensandbox-runner` and SPIRE CLI;
+- guest-local SPIRE Agent sidecar and projected audience `spire-server` token;
+- `shareProcessNamespace: true`;
+- runner UID 2000 and a distinct UID for every sidecar;
+- ephemeral Gitea registration token delivery;
+- Docker/BuildKit storage and socket entirely inside the Kata guest.
+
+The worker ServiceAccount needs read access to BatchSandboxes and Pods and
+create/get/delete access to ClusterStaticEntries. OpenSandbox API credentials,
+when enabled, are mounted from a Secret and read from
+`OPENSANDBOX_API_KEY_FILE`.
+
+## Cleanup
+
+On success, failure, timeout, or cancellation the worker deletes the
+ClusterStaticEntry before deleting the sandbox. Both deletes accept `404`, so a
+JetStream redelivery can safely repeat cleanup. The SPIRE Agent registration is
+bound to the Pod UID and is removed by SPIRE after the Pod disappears.

pyproject.toml

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ test = ["pytest==8.4.2", "pytest-asyncio==1.2.0"]
 gitea-dynamic-runner-controller = "gitea_dynamic_runner.controller:main"
 gitea-dynamic-runner-pod-worker = "gitea_dynamic_runner.pod_worker:cli"
 gitea-dynamic-runner-vm-worker = "gitea_dynamic_runner.worker:cli"
+gitea-dynamic-runner-opensandbox-worker = "gitea_dynamic_runner.opensandbox_worker:cli"
 gitea-spire-jwt-broker = "gitea_dynamic_runner.jwt_broker:main"
 
 [tool.pytest.ini_options]

scripts/gitea-opensandbox-runner

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+: "${CI_SPIFFE_ID:?CI_SPIFFE_ID is required}"
+: "${SPIFFE_ENDPOINT_SOCKET:?SPIFFE_ENDPOINT_SOCKET is required}"
+
+socket_path=${SPIFFE_ENDPOINT_SOCKET#unix://}
+deadline=$((SECONDS + 120))
+while (( SECONDS < deadline )); do
+  if /opt/spire/bin/spire-agent api fetch x509 \
+    -socketPath "$socket_path" \
+    -output json 2>/dev/null | \
+    jq -e --arg id "$CI_SPIFFE_ID" \
+      'any(.svids[]?; .spiffe_id == $id)' >/dev/null; then
+    exec /usr/local/bin/run.sh
+  fi
+  sleep 1
+done
+
+printf 'timed out waiting for OpenSandbox SPIFFE identity %s\n' "$CI_SPIFFE_ID" >&2
+exit 1

src/gitea_dynamic_runner/opensandbox.py

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+"""Minimal client for the OpenSandbox lifecycle API."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from pathlib import Path
+from urllib.parse import quote
+
+from aiohttp import ClientResponseError, ClientSession
+
+
+class OpenSandboxClient:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        api_url: str,
+        api_key_file: Path | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.api_url = api_url.rstrip("/")
+        self.api_key_file = api_key_file
+        self.session: ClientSession | None = None
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> OpenSandboxClient:
+        headers = {}
+        if self.api_key_file is not None:
+            headers["OPEN-SANDBOX-API-KEY"] = self.api_key_file.read_text().strip()
+        self.session = ClientSession(headers=headers, raise_for_status=True)
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(self, *_: object) -> None:
+        if self.session is not None:
+            await self.session.close()
+
+    async def create(
+        self,
+        *,
+        pool: str,
+        timeout: int,
+        entrypoint: list[str],
+        env: dict[str, str],
+        metadata: dict[str, str],
+    ) -> dict[str, object]:
+        response = await self._request(
+            "POST",
+            "/v1/sandboxes",
+            json={
+                "timeout": timeout,
+                "entrypoint": entrypoint,
+                "env": env,
+                "metadata": metadata,
+                "extensions": {"poolRef": pool},
+            },
+        )
+        return await response.json()
+
+    async def get(self, sandbox_id: str) -> dict[str, object] | None:
+        try:
+            response = await self._request(
+                "GET", f"/v1/sandboxes/{quote(sandbox_id, safe='')}"
+            )
+        except ClientResponseError as error:
+            if error.status == 404:
+                return None
+            raise
+        return await response.json()
+
+    async def delete(self, sandbox_id: str) -> None:
+        try:
+            response = await self._request(
+                "DELETE", f"/v1/sandboxes/{quote(sandbox_id, safe='')}"
+            )
+            response.release()
+        except ClientResponseError as error:
+            if error.status != 404:
+                raise
+
+    async def _request(self, method: str, path: str, **kwargs: object):
+        if self.session is None:
+            raise RuntimeError("OpenSandboxClient is not open")
+        return await self.session.request(method, f"{self.api_url}{path}", **kwargs)

src/gitea_dynamic_runner/opensandbox_worker.py

@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""JetStream worker that provisions disposable OpenSandbox Kata runners."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import hashlib
+import json
+import logging
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+import ssl
+import uuid
+
+import nats
+from nats.errors import TimeoutError
+from nats.js.api import AckPolicy, ConsumerConfig
+
+from .models import RunnerRequest
+from .opensandbox import OpenSandboxClient
+from .pod_worker import heartbeat, identity_path
+from .sandbox_kubernetes import SandboxKubernetesClient, allocated_pod_name
+
+
+LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+STREAM = os.environ.get("NATS_STREAM", "CI_RUNNER")
+REQUEST_SUBJECT = os.environ.get("NATS_SUBJECT", "ci.runner.vm")
+NATS_URL = os.environ.get("NATS_URL", "tls://nats.ad.ddupan.top:4222")
+NATS_USER = os.environ.get("NATS_USER", "ci-worker")
+NATS_PASSWORD_FILE = Path(os.environ.get("NATS_PASSWORD_FILE", "/run/secrets/nats/password"))
+NATS_CA_FILE = os.environ.get("NATS_CA_FILE", "/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt")
+KUBERNETES_API = os.environ.get("KUBERNETES_API", "https://kubernetes.default.svc")
+KUBERNETES_TOKEN_FILE = Path(os.environ.get("KUBERNETES_TOKEN_FILE", "/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token"))
+KUBERNETES_CA_FILE = Path(os.environ.get("KUBERNETES_CA_FILE", "/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt"))
+NAMESPACE = os.environ.get("OPENSANDBOX_NAMESPACE", "opensandbox")
+OPENSANDBOX_API = os.environ.get("OPENSANDBOX_API", "http://opensandbox-server.opensandbox.svc:8080")
+OPENSANDBOX_API_KEY_FILE_VALUE = os.environ.get("OPENSANDBOX_API_KEY_FILE")
+OPENSANDBOX_API_KEY_FILE = Path(OPENSANDBOX_API_KEY_FILE_VALUE) if OPENSANDBOX_API_KEY_FILE_VALUE else None
+OPENSANDBOX_POOL = os.environ.get("OPENSANDBOX_POOL", "ci-vm")
+SANDBOX_TIMEOUT = int(os.environ.get("RUNNER_SANDBOX_TIMEOUT", str(4 * 60 * 60)))
+ALLOCATION_TIMEOUT = int(os.environ.get("RUNNER_ALLOCATION_TIMEOUT", "120"))
+CAPACITY = int(os.environ.get("RUNNER_CAPACITY", "2"))
+SPIFFE_TRUST_DOMAIN = os.environ.get("SPIFFE_TRUST_DOMAIN", "ddupan.top")
+SPIRE_CLUSTER_NAME = os.environ.get("SPIRE_CLUSTER_NAME", "sandbox-kata")
+SPIRE_CLASS_NAME = os.environ.get("SPIRE_CLASS_NAME", "spire-mgmt-spire")
+RUNNER_UID = int(os.environ.get("RUNNER_UID", "2000"))
+
+
+def sandbox_request(request: RunnerRequest, runner_name: str) -> dict[str, object]:
+    if request.backend != "vm":
+        raise ValueError("OpenSandbox backend only accepts vm requests")
+    path = identity_path(request.repository, request.job_name)
+    return {
+        "pool": OPENSANDBOX_POOL,
+        "timeout": SANDBOX_TIMEOUT,
+        "entrypoint": ["/usr/local/libexec/gitea-opensandbox-runner"],
+        "env": {
+            "GITEA_RUNNER_NAME": runner_name,
+            "GITEA_RUNNER_LABELS": "self-hosted:host,vm:host",
+            "CI_SPIFFE_ID": f"spiffe://{SPIFFE_TRUST_DOMAIN}/ci/{path}",
+            "SPIFFE_ENDPOINT_SOCKET": "unix:///run/spire/agent-sockets/spire-agent.sock",
+        },
+        "metadata": {
+            "ci.ddupan.top/job-id": str(request.job_id),
+            "ci.ddupan.top/run-id": str(request.run_id),
+            "ci.ddupan.top/runner-name": runner_name,
+        },
+    }
+
+
+def entry_name(sandbox_id: str) -> str:
+    suffix = hashlib.sha256(sandbox_id.encode()).hexdigest()[:12]
+    return f"gitea-ci-{suffix}"
+
+
+def identity_entry(
+    request: RunnerRequest,
+    *,
+    sandbox_id: str,
+    pod_uid: str,
+) -> dict[str, object]:
+    path = identity_path(request.repository, request.job_name)
+    return {
+        "apiVersion": "spire.spiffe.io/v1alpha1",
+        "kind": "ClusterStaticEntry",
+        "metadata": {
+            "name": entry_name(sandbox_id),
+            "labels": {
+                "app.kubernetes.io/name": "gitea-dynamic-runner",
+                "app.kubernetes.io/component": "opensandbox-identity",
+                "ci.ddupan.top/sandbox-id": sandbox_id,
+            },
+        },
+        "spec": {
+            "className": SPIRE_CLASS_NAME,
+            "parentID": (
+                f"spiffe://{SPIFFE_TRUST_DOMAIN}/spire/agent/k8s_psat/"
+                f"{SPIRE_CLUSTER_NAME}/pod/{pod_uid}"
+            ),
+            "spiffeID": f"spiffe://{SPIFFE_TRUST_DOMAIN}/ci/{path}",
+            "selectors": [f"unix:uid:{RUNNER_UID}"],
+        },
+    }
+
+
+async def wait_for_allocation(
+    client: SandboxKubernetesClient, sandbox_id: str
+) -> tuple[str, str]:
+    deadline = asyncio.get_running_loop().time() + ALLOCATION_TIMEOUT
+    while asyncio.get_running_loop().time() < deadline:
+        batchsandbox = await client.get_batchsandbox(sandbox_id)
+        if batchsandbox is not None and (pod_name := allocated_pod_name(batchsandbox)):
+            pod = await client.get_pod(pod_name)
+            if pod is not None:
+                metadata = pod.get("metadata")
+                pod_uid = metadata.get("uid") if isinstance(metadata, dict) else None
+                if isinstance(pod_uid, str) and pod_uid:
+                    return pod_name, pod_uid
+        await asyncio.sleep(1)
+    raise asyncio.TimeoutError(f"OpenSandbox {sandbox_id} allocation timed out")
+
+
+async def wait_for_sandbox(client: OpenSandboxClient, sandbox_id: str) -> bool:
+    deadline = asyncio.get_running_loop().time() + SANDBOX_TIMEOUT
+    while asyncio.get_running_loop().time() < deadline:
+        sandbox = await client.get(sandbox_id)
+        if sandbox is None:
+            raise RuntimeError(f"OpenSandbox {sandbox_id} disappeared")
+        status = sandbox.get("status")
+        state = status.get("state") if isinstance(status, dict) else None
+        if state == "Terminated":
+            return True
+        if state == "Failed":
+            return False
+        await asyncio.sleep(2)
+    raise asyncio.TimeoutError(f"OpenSandbox {sandbox_id} timed out")
+
+
+async def run_request(
+    message: object,
+    sandbox_client: OpenSandboxClient,
+    kubernetes_client: SandboxKubernetesClient,
+) -> None:
+    try:
+        request = RunnerRequest.from_json(message.data)
+    except (json.JSONDecodeError, UnicodeDecodeError, ValueError) as error:
+        LOG.error("discarding invalid OpenSandbox request: %s", error)
+        await message.ack()
+        return
+    if request.backend != "vm":
+        LOG.error("discarding %s request received by OpenSandbox worker", request.backend)
+        await message.ack()
+        return
+
+    runner_name = f"gitea-vm-{uuid.uuid4().hex[:12]}"
+    sandbox_id: str | None = None
+    static_entry: str | None = None
+    stop = asyncio.Event()
+    pulse = asyncio.create_task(heartbeat(message, stop))
+    try:
+        create = await sandbox_client.create(**sandbox_request(request, runner_name))
+        candidate = create.get("id")
+        if not isinstance(candidate, str) or not candidate:
+            raise RuntimeError("OpenSandbox create response has no id")
+        sandbox_id = candidate
+        pod_name, pod_uid = await wait_for_allocation(kubernetes_client, sandbox_id)
+        manifest = identity_entry(request, sandbox_id=sandbox_id, pod_uid=pod_uid)
+        static_entry = entry_name(sandbox_id)
+        await kubernetes_client.create_entry(manifest)
+        LOG.info(
+            "OpenSandbox identity created sandbox=%s pod=%s pod_uid=%s entry=%s runner=%s job_id=%d",
+            sandbox_id, pod_name, pod_uid, static_entry, runner_name, request.job_id,
+        )
+        if await wait_for_sandbox(sandbox_client, sandbox_id):
+            await message.ack()
+        else:
+            await message.nak(delay=30)
+    except Exception:
+        LOG.exception("OpenSandbox runner failed sandbox=%s job_id=%d", sandbox_id, request.job_id)
+        await message.nak(delay=30)
+        raise
+    finally:
+        stop.set()
+        await pulse
+        try:
+            if static_entry is not None:
+                await kubernetes_client.delete_entry(static_entry)
+        finally:
+            if sandbox_id is not None:
+                await sandbox_client.delete(sandbox_id)
+
+
+async def consume_requests(
+    subscription: object,
+    sandbox_client: OpenSandboxClient,
+    kubernetes_client: SandboxKubernetesClient,
+) -> None:
+    active: set[asyncio.Task[None]] = set()
+    while True:
+        active = {task for task in active if not task.done()}
+        free = CAPACITY - len(active)
+        if free < 1:
+            await asyncio.wait(active, return_when=asyncio.FIRST_COMPLETED)
+            continue
+        try:
+            messages = await subscription.fetch(batch=free, timeout=5)
+        except TimeoutError:
+            continue
+        for message in messages:
+            task = asyncio.create_task(
+                run_request(message, sandbox_client, kubernetes_client)
+            )
+            task.add_done_callback(_report_task)
+            active.add(task)
+
+
+def _report_task(task: asyncio.Task[None]) -> None:
+    if not task.cancelled() and (error := task.exception()) is not None:
+        LOG.error(
+            "OpenSandbox runner task failed",
+            exc_info=(type(error), error, error.__traceback__),
+        )
+
+
+async def main() -> None:
+    if CAPACITY < 1:
+        raise ValueError("RUNNER_CAPACITY must be at least 1")
+    context = ssl.create_default_context(cafile=NATS_CA_FILE)
+    nc = await nats.connect(
+        NATS_URL,
+        user=NATS_USER,
+        password=NATS_PASSWORD_FILE.read_text().strip(),
+        tls=context,
+        name="opensandbox-runner-worker",
+    )
+    js = nc.jetstream()
+    subscription = await js.pull_subscribe(
+        REQUEST_SUBJECT,
+        durable="vm",
+        stream=STREAM,
+        config=ConsumerConfig(
+            durable_name="vm",
+            filter_subject=REQUEST_SUBJECT,
+            ack_policy=AckPolicy.EXPLICIT,
+            ack_wait=5 * 60,
+            max_ack_pending=max(CAPACITY, 1),
+            max_deliver=5,
+        ),
+    )
+    async with (
+        OpenSandboxClient(
+            api_url=OPENSANDBOX_API,
+            api_key_file=OPENSANDBOX_API_KEY_FILE,
+        ) as sandbox_client,
+        SandboxKubernetesClient(
+            api_url=KUBERNETES_API,
+            token_file=KUBERNETES_TOKEN_FILE,
+            ca_file=KUBERNETES_CA_FILE,
+            namespace=NAMESPACE,
+        ) as kubernetes_client,
+    ):
+        try:
+            await consume_requests(subscription, sandbox_client, kubernetes_client)
+        finally:
+            await nc.drain()
+
+
+def cli() -> None:
+    logging.basicConfig(level=os.environ.get("LOG_LEVEL", "INFO"))
+    asyncio.run(main())
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    cli()

src/gitea_dynamic_runner/sandbox_kubernetes.py

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+"""Kubernetes resources that bind an OpenSandbox Kata guest to SPIRE."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+from pathlib import Path
+import ssl
+from urllib.parse import quote
+
+from aiohttp import ClientResponseError, ClientSession, TCPConnector
+
+
+class SandboxKubernetesClient:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        api_url: str,
+        token_file: Path,
+        ca_file: Path,
+        namespace: str,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.api_url = api_url.rstrip("/")
+        self.token_file = token_file
+        self.ca_file = ca_file
+        self.namespace = namespace
+        self.session: ClientSession | None = None
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> SandboxKubernetesClient:
+        context = ssl.create_default_context(cafile=self.ca_file)
+        self.session = ClientSession(
+            connector=TCPConnector(ssl=context),
+            headers={
+                "Authorization": f"Bearer {self.token_file.read_text().strip()}"
+            },
+            raise_for_status=True,
+        )
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(self, *_: object) -> None:
+        if self.session is not None:
+            await self.session.close()
+
+    async def get_batchsandbox(self, sandbox_id: str) -> dict[str, object] | None:
+        try:
+            response = await self._request(
+                "GET", f"{self._batchsandboxes_path()}/{quote(sandbox_id, safe='')}"
+            )
+        except ClientResponseError as error:
+            if error.status == 404:
+                return None
+            raise
+        return await response.json()
+
+    async def get_pod(self, name: str) -> dict[str, object] | None:
+        try:
+            response = await self._request(
+                "GET", f"{self._pods_path()}/{quote(name, safe='')}"
+            )
+        except ClientResponseError as error:
+            if error.status == 404:
+                return None
+            raise
+        return await response.json()
+
+    async def create_entry(self, manifest: dict[str, object]) -> dict[str, object]:
+        response = await self._request(
+            "POST", self._entries_path(), json=manifest
+        )
+        return await response.json()
+
+    async def get_entry(self, name: str) -> dict[str, object] | None:
+        try:
+            response = await self._request(
+                "GET", f"{self._entries_path()}/{quote(name, safe='')}"
+            )
+        except ClientResponseError as error:
+            if error.status == 404:
+                return None
+            raise
+        return await response.json()
+
+    async def delete_entry(self, name: str) -> None:
+        try:
+            response = await self._request(
+                "DELETE",
+                f"{self._entries_path()}/{quote(name, safe='')}",
+                json={"propagationPolicy": "Background"},
+            )
+            response.release()
+        except ClientResponseError as error:
+            if error.status != 404:
+                raise
+
+    async def _request(self, method: str, path: str, **kwargs: object):
+        if self.session is None:
+            raise RuntimeError("SandboxKubernetesClient is not open")
+        return await self.session.request(method, f"{self.api_url}{path}", **kwargs)
+
+    def _batchsandboxes_path(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            "/apis/sandbox.opensandbox.io/v1alpha1/namespaces/"
+            f"{quote(self.namespace, safe='')}/batchsandboxes"
+        )
+
+    def _pods_path(self) -> str:
+        return f"/api/v1/namespaces/{quote(self.namespace, safe='')}/pods"
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _entries_path() -> str:
+        return "/apis/spire.spiffe.io/v1alpha1/clusterstaticentries"
+
+
+def allocated_pod_name(batchsandbox: dict[str, object]) -> str | None:
+    metadata = batchsandbox.get("metadata")
+    if not isinstance(metadata, dict):
+        return None
+    annotations = metadata.get("annotations")
+    if not isinstance(annotations, dict):
+        return None
+    raw = annotations.get("sandbox.opensandbox.io/alloc-status")
+    if not isinstance(raw, str):
+        return None
+    try:
+        allocation = json.loads(raw)
+    except json.JSONDecodeError:
+        return None
+    if not isinstance(allocation, dict):
+        return None
+    pods = allocation.get("pods")
+    if not isinstance(pods, list) or len(pods) != 1 or not isinstance(pods[0], str):
+        return None
+    return pods[0]

tests/test_opensandbox_worker.py

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+import asyncio
+import json
+
+import pytest
+
+from gitea_dynamic_runner.models import RunnerRequest
+from gitea_dynamic_runner import opensandbox_worker
+from gitea_dynamic_runner.sandbox_kubernetes import allocated_pod_name
+
+
+def request() -> RunnerRequest:
+    return RunnerRequest(
+        job_id=47,
+        run_id=12,
+        backend="vm",
+        repository="panxiao81/example",
+        job_name="publish image",
+        labels=("self-hosted", "vm"),
+    )
+
+
+def test_sandbox_request_uses_pool_and_identity_gate(monkeypatch):
+    monkeypatch.setattr(opensandbox_worker, "OPENSANDBOX_POOL", "ci-vm")
+    document = opensandbox_worker.sandbox_request(request(), "gitea-vm-abcd")
+    assert document["pool"] == "ci-vm"
+    assert document["entrypoint"] == [
+        "/usr/local/libexec/gitea-opensandbox-runner"
+    ]
+    assert document["env"]["GITEA_RUNNER_NAME"] == "gitea-vm-abcd"
+    assert document["env"]["GITEA_RUNNER_LABELS"] == "self-hosted:host,vm:host"
+    assert document["env"]["CI_SPIFFE_ID"].startswith(
+        "spiffe://ddupan.top/ci/panxiao81/example/publish-image-"
+    )
+    assert document["metadata"]["ci.ddupan.top/job-id"] == "47"
+
+
+def test_identity_entry_is_bound_to_kata_pod_uid(monkeypatch):
+    monkeypatch.setattr(opensandbox_worker, "SPIRE_CLUSTER_NAME", "sandbox-kata")
+    monkeypatch.setattr(opensandbox_worker, "RUNNER_UID", 2000)
+    manifest = opensandbox_worker.identity_entry(
+        request(), sandbox_id="sandbox-123", pod_uid="pod-uid-456"
+    )
+    assert manifest["metadata"]["name"] == opensandbox_worker.entry_name(
+        "sandbox-123"
+    )
+    spec = manifest["spec"]
+    assert spec["parentID"] == (
+        "spiffe://ddupan.top/spire/agent/k8s_psat/"
+        "sandbox-kata/pod/pod-uid-456"
+    )
+    assert spec["selectors"] == ["unix:uid:2000"]
+    assert spec["spiffeID"].startswith(
+        "spiffe://ddupan.top/ci/panxiao81/example/publish-image-"
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("annotation", "expected"),
+    [
+        (json.dumps({"pods": ["pool-pod-1"], "poolRef": "ci-vm"}), "pool-pod-1"),
+        (json.dumps({"pods": []}), None),
+        (json.dumps({"pods": ["one", "two"]}), None),
+        ("not-json", None),
+    ],
+)
+def test_allocated_pod_name(annotation, expected):
+    batchsandbox = {
+        "metadata": {
+            "annotations": {"sandbox.opensandbox.io/alloc-status": annotation}
+        }
+    }
+    assert allocated_pod_name(batchsandbox) == expected
+
+
+class FakeKubernetesClient:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.calls = 0
+
+    async def get_batchsandbox(self, sandbox_id):
+        self.calls += 1
+        if self.calls == 1:
+            return {"metadata": {"annotations": {}}}
+        return {
+            "metadata": {
+                "annotations": {
+                    "sandbox.opensandbox.io/alloc-status": json.dumps(
+                        {"pods": ["pool-pod-1"], "poolRef": "ci-vm"}
+                    )
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+    async def get_pod(self, name):
+        assert name == "pool-pod-1"
+        return {"metadata": {"uid": "pod-uid-1"}}
+
+
+async def test_wait_for_allocation_returns_real_pod_uid(monkeypatch):
+    async def no_sleep(_):
+        return None
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(asyncio, "sleep", no_sleep)
+    client = FakeKubernetesClient()
+    assert await opensandbox_worker.wait_for_allocation(client, "sandbox-1") == (
+        "pool-pod-1",
+        "pod-uid-1",
+    )
+
+
+def test_entry_name_is_stable_and_dns_safe():
+    name = opensandbox_worker.entry_name("sandbox/with unsafe characters")
+    assert name == opensandbox_worker.entry_name("sandbox/with unsafe characters")
+    assert name.startswith("gitea-ci-")
+    assert "/" not in name