fix: 保持后端 assignment 可重试

2026-09-21 08:42:01 +00:00
37 changed files with 347 additions and 809 deletions
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
---
 name: dynamic Pod smoke test

-# yamllint disable-line rule:truthy
 on:
  workflow_dispatch:

@@ -19,24 +17,3 @@ jobs:
            -socketPath /run/spire/agent-sockets/spire-agent.sock \
            >/dev/null
          test "$(id -u)" = 2000
-
-      - name: Build and run image
-        shell: bash
-        run: |
-          set -euo pipefail
-          findmnt /var/lib/docker
-          context=$(mktemp -d)
-          cleanup() {
-            docker image rm --force pod-docker-smoke:test \
-              >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
-            rm -rf -- "$context"
-          }
-          trap cleanup EXIT
-          printf '%s\n' \
-            'FROM alpine:3.22' \
-            'RUN printf pod-docker-ok >/result' \
-            >"$context/Dockerfile"
-          docker build --tag pod-docker-smoke:test "$context"
-          output=$(docker run --rm pod-docker-smoke:test cat /result)
-          test "$output" = pod-docker-ok
-          test "$(docker info --format '{{.Driver}}')" = overlay2
@@ -1,36 +1,128 @@
 ---
-name: publish controller image
+name: publish images

 on:
  push:
    branches: [main]
    paths:
      - '.gitea/workflows/publish-images.yml'
-      - 'container/controller.Dockerfile'
+      - 'config/**'
+      - 'container/**'
      - 'cmd/**'
      - 'internal/**'
-      - 'scripts/publish-image'
+      - 'scripts/**'
+      - 'src/**'
      - 'go.mod'
      - 'go.sum'
+      - 'pyproject.toml'
+      - 'README.md'
  workflow_dispatch:

 jobs:
  publish-images:
-    name: publish-controller
-    runs-on: [self-hosted, pod]
+    name: publish-images
+    runs-on: [self-hosted, vm]
    timeout-minutes: 45
    permissions:
      contents: read
    env:
      PUSH_REGISTRY: zot-push.ad.ddupan.top
      PULL_REGISTRY: zot.ad.ddupan.top
-      IMAGE_NAME: controller
-      IMAGE_REPOSITORY: panxiao81/gitea-dynamic-runner-controller
-      IMAGE_DOCKERFILE: container/controller.Dockerfile
+      CONTROLLER_REPOSITORY: panxiao81/gitea-dynamic-runner-controller
+      RUNNER_REPOSITORY: panxiao81/gitea-dynamic-runner-runner
      SPIRE_AGENT_SOCKET: /run/spire/agent-sockets/spire-agent.sock
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4

+      - name: Test source
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          go test ./...
+          go vet ./...
+          python3 -m pip install --break-system-packages -e '.[test]'
+          pytest -q
+          python3 -m compileall -q src tests
+          apt-get update
+          apt-get install --yes --no-install-recommends shellcheck
+          shellcheck scripts/*
+
      - name: Build and publish
        shell: bash
-        run: scripts/publish-image
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          set +x
+
+          : "${GITHUB_SHA:?GITHUB_SHA is required}"
+          image_tag="sha-${GITHUB_SHA}"
+          docker_config=$(mktemp -d)
+          jwt_file=$(mktemp)
+          cleanup() {
+            docker buildx rm ci-builder >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+            rm -rf -- "$docker_config" "$jwt_file"
+          }
+          trap cleanup EXIT
+          export DOCKER_CONFIG="$docker_config"
+
+          /opt/spire/bin/spire-agent api fetch jwt \
+            -audience zot \
+            -socketPath "$SPIRE_AGENT_SOCKET" \
+            -output json >"$jwt_file"
+          # shellcheck disable=SC2016
+          jq -er '.[0].svids[0].svid' "$jwt_file" | \
+            docker login "$PUSH_REGISTRY" --username zot --password-stdin
+
+          docker buildx create \
+            --name ci-builder \
+            --driver docker-container \
+            --use
+
+          publish() {
+            local repository=$1
+            local dockerfile=$2
+            local metadata=$3
+            docker buildx build \
+              --builder ci-builder \
+              --platform linux/amd64 \
+              --file "$dockerfile" \
+              --tag "${PUSH_REGISTRY}/${repository}:${image_tag}" \
+              --tag "${PUSH_REGISTRY}/${repository}:main" \
+              --provenance=mode=max \
+              --sbom=true \
+              --metadata-file "$metadata" \
+              --push \
+              .
+          }
+
+          publish \
+            "$CONTROLLER_REPOSITORY" \
+            container/controller.Dockerfile \
+            controller-metadata.json
+          publish \
+            "$RUNNER_REPOSITORY" \
+            container/runner.Dockerfile \
+            runner-metadata.json
+
+          controller_digest=$(
+            # shellcheck disable=SC2016
+            jq -er '."containerimage.digest"' controller-metadata.json
+          )
+          runner_digest=$(
+            # shellcheck disable=SC2016
+            jq -er '."containerimage.digest"' runner-metadata.json
+          )
+          controller_ref="${PULL_REGISTRY}/${CONTROLLER_REPOSITORY}@${controller_digest}"
+          runner_ref="${PULL_REGISTRY}/${RUNNER_REPOSITORY}@${runner_digest}"
+
+          printf 'controller=%s\nrunner=%s\n' "$controller_ref" "$runner_ref"
+          if [[ -n "${GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY:-}" ]]; then
+            {
+              printf '## Published images\n\n'
+              # shellcheck disable=SC2016
+              printf -- '- Controller: `%s`\n' "$controller_ref"
+              # shellcheck disable=SC2016
+              printf -- '- Runner: `%s`\n' "$runner_ref"
+              # shellcheck disable=SC2016
+              printf -- '- Source: `%s`\n' "$GITHUB_SHA"
+            } >>"$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
+          fi
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
---
-name: publish runner image
-
-on:
-  workflow_dispatch:
-
-jobs:
-  publish-images:
-    name: publish-runner
-    runs-on: [self-hosted, pod]
-    timeout-minutes: 45
-    permissions:
-      contents: read
-    env:
-      PUSH_REGISTRY: zot-push.ad.ddupan.top
-      PULL_REGISTRY: zot.ad.ddupan.top
-      IMAGE_NAME: runner
-      IMAGE_REPOSITORY: panxiao81/gitea-dynamic-runner-runner
-      IMAGE_DOCKERFILE: container/runner.Dockerfile
-      SPIRE_AGENT_SOCKET: /run/spire/agent-sockets/spire-agent.sock
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-
-      - name: Build and publish
-        shell: bash
-        run: scripts/publish-image
@@ -5,20 +5,29 @@ on:

 jobs:
  jwt-svid:
-    runs-on: [self-hosted, pod]
+    runs-on: self-hosted
+    container:
+      volumes:
+        - /run/spire/agent-sockets:/run/spire/agent-sockets:ro
    steps:
-      - name: Verify bundled SPIRE CLI
+      - name: Fetch pinned SPIRE CLI
        shell: bash
        run: |
          set -euo pipefail
-          command -v spire-agent
-          spire-agent -version
+          archive=/tmp/spire.tar.gz
+          curl --fail --location --silent --show-error \
+            --output "$archive" \
+            https://github.com/spiffe/spire/releases/download/v1.15.3/spire-1.15.3-linux-amd64-musl.tar.gz
+          printf '%s  %s\n' \
+            ca1a4d1155317bdd2afc7f36663828a10410c7c840e54725b90b4064b0a301c7 \
+            "$archive" | sha256sum --check --status
+          tar -xzf "$archive" -C /tmp spire-1.15.3/bin/spire-agent

      - name: Fetch short-lived zot JWT-SVID
        shell: bash
        run: |
          set -euo pipefail
-          spire-agent api fetch jwt \
+          /tmp/spire-1.15.3/bin/spire-agent api fetch jwt \
            -audience zot \
            -socketPath /run/spire/agent-sockets/spire-agent.sock \
            >/dev/null
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ jobs:
      - run: go vet ./...

  python:
-    runs-on: [self-hosted, pod]
+    runs-on: self-hosted
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ jobs:
      - run: python -m compileall -q src

  shell:
-    runs-on: [self-hosted, pod]
+    runs-on: self-hosted
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - run: |
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
---
 name: VM kind smoke

-# yamllint disable-line rule:truthy
 on:
  workflow_dispatch:

@@ -9,123 +7,25 @@ jobs:
  kind:
    runs-on: [self-hosted, vm]
    steps:
-      - name: Prepare nested kubelet device
-        shell: bash
-        run: |
-          set -euo pipefail
-          if [[ ! -e /dev/kmsg ]]; then
-            sudo mknod /dev/kmsg c 1 11
-          fi
-
      - name: Verify Docker
-        shell: bash
-        run: |
-          set -euo pipefail
-          findmnt /var/lib/docker
-          docker info
-          echo '### runner cgroup'
-          cat /proc/self/cgroup
-          cat /sys/fs/cgroup/cgroup.type
-          cat /sys/fs/cgroup/cgroup.controllers
-          cat /sys/fs/cgroup/cgroup.subtree_control
-          echo '### nested private cgroup namespace'
-          docker run --rm --privileged --cgroupns=private alpine:3.22 \
-            sh -c 'cat /proc/self/cgroup; cat /sys/fs/cgroup/cgroup.type'
-          echo '### nested host cgroup namespace'
-          docker run --rm --privileged --cgroupns=host alpine:3.22 \
-            sh -c 'cat /proc/self/cgroup; cat /sys/fs/cgroup/cgroup.type'
+        run: docker info

      - name: Install kind
        shell: bash
        run: |
          set -euo pipefail
          version=v0.33.0
-          base_url="https://kind.sigs.k8s.io/dl/${version}"
          curl --fail --location --silent --show-error \
-            --output /tmp/kind "${base_url}/kind-linux-amd64"
+            --output /tmp/kind "https://kind.sigs.k8s.io/dl/${version}/kind-linux-amd64"
          curl --fail --location --silent --show-error \
-            --output /tmp/kind.sha256sum \
-            "${base_url}/kind-linux-amd64.sha256sum"
-          checksum=$(cut -d ' ' -f1 /tmp/kind.sha256sum)
-          printf '%s  %s\n' "$checksum" /tmp/kind | sha256sum --check
+            --output /tmp/kind.sha256sum "https://kind.sigs.k8s.io/dl/${version}/kind-linux-amd64.sha256sum"
+          printf '%s  %s\n' "$(cut -d ' ' -f1 /tmp/kind.sha256sum)" /tmp/kind | sha256sum --check
          chmod 0755 /tmp/kind

      - name: Create and delete kind cluster
        shell: bash
        run: |
          set -euo pipefail
-          diagnose_and_cleanup() {
-            status=$?
-            node=smoke-control-plane
-            if (( status != 0 )) && docker inspect "$node" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-              echo '::group::kind node inspect'
-              docker inspect "$node"
-              echo '::endgroup::'
-              echo '::group::kind node logs'
-              docker logs "$node" 2>&1 || true
-              echo '::endgroup::'
-              echo '::group::kind node guest state'
-              docker exec "$node" bash -c '
-                set +e
-                echo "### pid 1"
-                ps -p 1 -o pid,ppid,user,stat,comm,args
-                cat /proc/1/status
-                echo "### cgroup"
-                cat /proc/1/cgroup
-                findmnt -R /sys/fs/cgroup
-                stat -fc "%T %a" /sys/fs/cgroup
-                echo "### systemd"
-                systemctl --no-pager --failed
-                systemctl --no-pager status \
-                  multi-user.target containerd.service kubelet.service
-                echo "### CRI containers"
-                endpoint=unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock
-                crictl --runtime-endpoint "$endpoint" ps --all
-                for id in $(
-                  crictl --runtime-endpoint "$endpoint" ps --all --quiet
-                ); do
-                  echo "### CRI container $id"
-                  crictl --runtime-endpoint "$endpoint" inspect "$id"
-                  crictl --runtime-endpoint "$endpoint" logs "$id"
-                done
-                echo "### containerd metadata"
-                timeout 10 ctr --namespace k8s.io containers list
-                timeout 10 ctr --namespace k8s.io snapshots list
-                echo "### runtime process stacks"
-                ps -e -o pid,ppid,stat,wchan:32,comm,args
-                for pid in $(pidof containerd containerd-shim-runc-v2); do
-                  echo "### kernel stack $pid"
-                  cat "/proc/$pid/stack"
-                done
-                kill -USR1 "$(pidof containerd)"
-                sleep 2
-                journalctl --no-pager -b -n 500
-              ' 2>&1 || true
-              echo '::endgroup::'
-            fi
-            /tmp/kind delete cluster --name smoke || true
-            exit "$status"
-          }
-          trap diagnose_and_cleanup EXIT
-          # Nested Kata + Docker + kind cold starts can take longer than
-          # kubeadm's one-minute API-call default even after the static pods
-          # have been accepted. Give the API server enough time to become
-          # responsive before kubeadm creates its initial RBAC objects.
-          cat >/tmp/kind-config.yml <<'EOF'
-          kind: Cluster
-          apiVersion: kind.x-k8s.io/v1alpha4
-          nodes:
-            - role: control-plane
-              kubeadmConfigPatches:
-                - |
-                  apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta4
-                  kind: InitConfiguration
-                  timeouts:
-                    kubernetesAPICall: 5m0s
-          EOF
-          /tmp/kind create cluster \
-            --name smoke \
-            --config /tmp/kind-config.yml \
-            --wait 300s \
-            --retain
+          trap '/tmp/kind delete cluster --name smoke' EXIT
+          /tmp/kind create cluster --name smoke --wait 180s
          /tmp/kind get clusters | grep -Fx smoke
@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
---
-name: VM runtime smoke
-
-# yamllint disable-line rule:truthy
-on:
-  workflow_dispatch:
-
-jobs:
-  runtime:
-    runs-on: [self-hosted, vm]
-    steps:
-      - name: Verify workload identity socket
-        shell: bash
-        run: |
-          set -euo pipefail
-          : "${SPIFFE_ENDPOINT_SOCKET:?SPIFFE_ENDPOINT_SOCKET is required}"
-          socket_path=${SPIFFE_ENDPOINT_SOCKET#unix://}
-          test -S "$socket_path"
-
-      - name: Verify Docker daemon
-        shell: bash
-        run: |
-          set -euo pipefail
-          format='{{json .ServerVersion}} {{json .Driver}}'
-          format="$format {{json .CgroupVersion}}"
-          docker info --format "$format"
-
-      - name: Run and clean nested container
-        shell: bash
-        run: |
-          set -euo pipefail
-          name=vm-runtime-smoke
-          trap 'docker rm --force "$name" >/dev/null 2>&1 || true' EXIT
-          output=$(docker run --name "$name" alpine:3.22 /bin/sh -c \
-            'test "$(uname -m)" = x86_64 && printf vm-runtime-ok')
-          test "$output" = vm-runtime-ok
@@ -1,33 +1,27 @@
 # Gitea dynamic runner

-为 Gitea Actions 按需创建一次性执行环境。workflow 分别声明 workload class 与
-placement driver：
+为 Gitea Actions 按需创建一次性执行环境。对 workflow 提供两种稳定的 runner
+接口：

 ```yaml
-runs-on: [self-hosted, container, kubernetes]
+runs-on: [self-hosted, pod]
 ```

 ```yaml
-runs-on: [self-hosted, vm, opensandbox]
+runs-on: [self-hosted, vm]
 ```

-兼容标签 `[self-hosted, pod]` 严格映射为 `container+kubernetes`，
-`[self-hosted, vm]` 和 `vm-dev` 严格映射为 `vm+opensandbox`；显式 driver 容量耗尽时
-不会回退到其他 driver。每个环境
+`pod` 使用动态 Kubernetes Pod，`vm` 使用动态 Cloud Hypervisor microVM。每个环境
 只执行一个 job，并在 job 结束后连同本地状态一起销毁。完整的设计约束见
 [`docs/design-principles.md`](docs/design-principles.md)。

-集成期间可将 `VM_RUNNER_LABEL=vm-dev`，只接取显式使用
-`runs-on: [self-hosted, vm-dev]` 的测试任务；生产 `vm` job 将保持在 Gitea pending，
-不会在 backend 修复过程中继续涌入。
-
 目标 Go controller 组件：

 - `scheduler`：以常驻 Gitea RunnerService 身份直接领取 task，并把完整 assignment
  持久化到 JetStream；一个 registration 下按配置启动多个并发 `FetchTask` goroutine，
  同时提供仅允许 SPIFFE mTLS 的 RunnerService facade。
- `kubernetes-worker`：直接在 homelab Kubernetes 创建一次性 container workload。
- `opensandbox-worker`：通过 OpenSandbox Lifecycle API 从 `ci-vm` Pool 创建 VM workload。
+- `pod-worker`：直接在 homelab Kubernetes 创建一次性 Pod。
+- `vm-worker`：通过 OpenSandbox Lifecycle API 从 `ci-vm` Pool 创建 Kata microVM。
 - 三个组件默认在同一个 Go 进程启用。首轮集成期间不允许只启动 worker，因为 facade
  的 assignment claim registry 仍是进程内状态；支持安全拆分前进程会明确拒绝该配置。
 - `microvm-runner-launch`：为每个任务以 direct I/O 转换出 flat qcow2 root disk、创建 NoCloud seed 和 TAP，运行
@@ -38,14 +32,13 @@ runs-on: [self-hosted, vm, opensandbox]
  entry；不持有 OpenSandbox API key、Gitea token 或 Bao 凭据。身份与 Pool 契约见
  [`docs/opensandbox-runner.md`](docs/opensandbox-runner.md)。
 - Pod executor：在 Kubernetes 中创建一次性 privileged Pod；Pod 内的 workflow 使用
-  host executor。Runner 固定在支持原生 job hooks 的 3.x 版本，在 workflow 第一步前
-  等待实际任务对应的 SVID，并启动 job-local Docker daemon；workflow 可直接使用与
-  GitHub-hosted runner 相同的 Docker/BuildKit action。
+  host executor，Docker、BuildKit 和 kind 等工具由 pipeline 按需 setup。Runner 固定在
+  支持原生 job hooks 的 3.x 版本，在 workflow 第一步前等待实际任务对应的 SVID。
 - `jwt-broker`：早期共享 Kubernetes runner 的过渡实验；目标架构不部署它，每个
  动态 Pod 或 VM 直接取得自己的 SPIFFE 身份。

-Container/Kubernetes 路径由 homelab 集群中的 `kubernetes-worker` 直接创建 Pod。
-OpenSandbox 只用于 VM/Kata workload；每个 placement 使用独立 durable consumer 和容量池。assignment 根据
+Pod 路径由 homelab 集群中的 `pod-worker` 直接创建 Kubernetes Pod。OpenSandbox 只用于
+VM/Kata workload；两个 backend 使用独立 durable consumer 和独立容量池。assignment 根据
 `runs-on` 进入对应池，池满时留在 JetStream pending，不会创建超出容量的 workload；任一
 执行层故障不会阻塞另一条部署。长期 RunnerService 协议路线见
 [`docs/runner-protocol-roadmap.md`](docs/runner-protocol-roadmap.md)。
@@ -72,13 +65,12 @@ credential 都从挂载文件读取，不接受明文环境变量：
 - `NATS_PRODUCER_PASSWORD_FILE`、`NATS_WORKER_PASSWORD_FILE`：分别使用现有最小权限的
  `ci-producer` publish 连接和 `ci-worker` pull/ACK 连接，controller 不合并权限。
 - `RUNNER_FACADE_CAPABILITY_KEY_FILE`：至少 32 字节的 controller HMAC key。
- `OPENSANDBOX_API_KEY_FILE`：仅启用 `opensandbox-worker` 时读取。
+- `OPENSANDBOX_API_KEY_FILE`：仅启用 `vm-worker` 时读取。

 必要的非 secret 配置包括 `POD_EXECUTOR_IMAGE`（应使用 digest）、`SPIRE_AGENT_ID`、
 `RUNNER_FACADE_URL`、`RUNNER_FACADE_SPIFFE_ID` 和 `SPIFFE_ENDPOINT_SOCKET`。默认
 `COMPONENTS=all`、Pod 并发 4、VM 并发 1；首次 smoke test 应显式设为
-`COMPONENTS=scheduler,kubernetes-worker`，先验证 Kubernetes 链路，避免同时消耗 VM
-容量。旧组件名 `pod-worker`、`vm-worker` 只作为配置兼容别名保留。
+`COMPONENTS=scheduler,pod-worker`，先验证 Pod 链路，避免同时消耗 VM 容量。

 Pod task 的 terminal update 被 Gitea 接受后，controller 会在 Pod 上持久写入
 `ci.ddupan.top/terminal=true` label。生命周期 reconciler 只清理同时带该 label 且已经
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"log/slog"
+	"log"
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
 	"slices"
@@ -38,15 +38,6 @@ type runComponent func(context.Context) error

 func (function runComponent) Run(ctx context.Context) error { return function(ctx) }

-type terminalBackend interface {
-	MarkTerminal(context.Context, string) error
-}
-
-type placementRuntime struct {
-	backend terminalBackend
-	pool    *backendpool.Pool
-}
-
 type controllerConfig struct {
 	Components                                                          controller.Selection
 	TrustDomain, WorkloadAPIAddr                                        string
@@ -58,7 +49,7 @@ type controllerConfig struct {
 	PodNamespace, PodImage, PodServiceAccount, SPIRECluster, SPIREClass string
 	SPIREAgentID                                                        string
 	PodExecutorUID, PodCapacity                                         int
-	OpenSandboxURL, OpenSandboxAPIKey, OpenSandboxPool, VMRunnerLabel   string
+	OpenSandboxURL, OpenSandboxAPIKey, OpenSandboxPool                  string
 	VMTimeout, VMCapacity                                               int
 }

@@ -70,7 +61,7 @@ func runController(ctx context.Context) error {
 	if !slices.Contains(config.Components, controller.Scheduler) {
 		return errors.New("split worker deployment is not yet safe: scheduler/facade must be enabled with workers")
 	}
-	if !slices.Contains(config.Components, controller.KubernetesWorker) && !slices.Contains(config.Components, controller.OpenSandboxWorker) {
+	if !slices.Contains(config.Components, controller.PodWorker) && !slices.Contains(config.Components, controller.VMWorker) {
 		return errors.New("scheduler requires at least one local backend worker")
 	}

@@ -101,19 +92,32 @@ func runController(ctx context.Context) error {
 		return err
 	}
 	registry := runnerfacade.NewRegistry()
-	runtimes := make(map[taskassignment.Placement]placementRuntime)
+	podPool := backendpool.New(config.PodCapacity)
+	vmPool := backendpool.New(config.VMCapacity)
+	var podExecutorBackend *podbackend.Backend
+	var vmExecutorBackend *opensandboxbackend.Backend
 	giteaClient := giteaactions.NewClient(giteaactions.DefaultHTTPClient(), config.GiteaURL, config.GiteaUUID, config.GiteaToken)
 	facade := &runnerfacade.Facade{
 		Registry: registry, Capabilities: capabilities, Upstream: giteaClient,
 		OnTerminal: func(ctx context.Context, assignment taskassignment.Assignment) error {
-			runtime, ok := runtimes[assignment.Placement]
-			if !ok {
-				return fmt.Errorf("placement runtime %s is not configured", assignment.Placement.Key())
+			switch assignment.Backend {
+			case taskassignment.BackendPod:
+				if podExecutorBackend == nil {
+					return errors.New("Pod lifecycle backend is not configured")
+				}
+				if err := podExecutorBackend.MarkTerminal(ctx, assignment.ID); err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+				podPool.Release(assignment.ID)
+			case taskassignment.BackendVM:
+				if vmExecutorBackend == nil {
+					return errors.New("VM lifecycle backend is not configured")
+				}
+				if err := vmExecutorBackend.MarkTerminal(ctx, assignment.ID); err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+				vmPool.Release(assignment.ID)
 			}
-			if err := runtime.backend.MarkTerminal(ctx, assignment.ID); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			runtime.pool.Release(assignment.ID)
 			return nil
 		},
 	}
@@ -123,11 +127,11 @@ func runController(ctx context.Context) error {
 	}

 	labels := []string{"self-hosted"}
-	if slices.Contains(config.Components, controller.KubernetesWorker) {
-		labels = append(labels, "pod", string(taskassignment.WorkloadContainer), string(taskassignment.DriverKubernetes))
+	if slices.Contains(config.Components, controller.PodWorker) {
+		labels = append(labels, string(taskassignment.BackendPod))
 	}
-	if slices.Contains(config.Components, controller.OpenSandboxWorker) {
-		labels = append(labels, config.VMRunnerLabel, string(taskassignment.DriverOpenSandbox))
+	if slices.Contains(config.Components, controller.VMWorker) {
+		labels = append(labels, string(taskassignment.BackendVM))
 	}
 	poller := taskscheduler.Poller{
 		Client: giteaClient,
@@ -135,7 +139,7 @@ func runController(ctx context.Context) error {
 			JetStream: producerJS, SubjectBase: config.SubjectBase,
 		}},
 		Config:  taskscheduler.PollerConfig{Version: "gitea-dynamic-runner/0.4", Labels: labels, Capacity: config.PodCapacity + config.VMCapacity},
-		OnError: func(err error) { slog.Error("scheduler error", "component", "scheduler", "error", err) },
+		OnError: func(err error) { log.Printf("scheduler: %v", err) },
 	}
 	kubernetesConfig, err := rest.InClusterConfig()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -164,9 +168,7 @@ func runController(ctx context.Context) error {
 		}),
 	}

-	if slices.Contains(config.Components, controller.KubernetesWorker) {
-		placement := taskassignment.KubernetesContainer
-		pool := backendpool.New(config.PodCapacity)
+	if slices.Contains(config.Components, controller.PodWorker) {
 		client, err := podbackend.NewInClusterClient()
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
@@ -177,59 +179,53 @@ func runController(ctx context.Context) error {
 			SPIRECluster: config.SPIRECluster, SPIREClass: config.SPIREClass,
 			SPIREAgentID: config.SPIREAgentID, ExecutorUID: config.PodExecutorUID,
 		}}
-		runtimes[placement] = placementRuntime{backend: backend, pool: pool}
+		podExecutorBackend = &backend
 		assignments, err := backend.RecoverAssignments(ctx)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 		for _, assignment := range assignments {
-			pool.Restore(assignment.ID)
+			podPool.Restore(assignment.ID)
 			if err := registry.RecoverClaimed(assignment); err != nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("recover Pod facade claim %s: %w", assignment.ID, err)
 			}
 		}
-		component, err := workerComponent(ctx, workerJS, config, placement, config.PodCapacity, taskworker.Worker{Backend: backend, Bootstrap: bootstrap, OnEvent: workerEventLogger(placement)}, registry, pool)
+		component, err := workerComponent(ctx, workerJS, config, taskassignment.BackendPod, config.PodCapacity, taskworker.Worker{Backend: backend, Bootstrap: bootstrap}, registry, podPool)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		lifecycle := podbackend.Lifecycle{Backend: backend, OnError: func(err error) {
-			slog.Error("backend lifecycle error", "component", "lifecycle", "placement", placement.Key(), "error", err)
-		}}
-		components[controller.KubernetesWorker] = runComponent(func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		lifecycle := podbackend.Lifecycle{Backend: backend, OnError: func(err error) { log.Printf("pod lifecycle: %v", err) }}
+		components[controller.PodWorker] = runComponent(func(ctx context.Context) error {
 			group, groupContext := errgroup.WithContext(ctx)
 			group.Go(func() error { return component.Run(groupContext) })
 			group.Go(func() error { return lifecycle.Run(groupContext) })
 			return group.Wait()
 		})
 	}
-	if slices.Contains(config.Components, controller.OpenSandboxWorker) {
-		placement := taskassignment.OpenSandboxVM
-		pool := backendpool.New(config.VMCapacity)
+	if slices.Contains(config.Components, controller.VMWorker) {
 		lifecycle := opensandboxbackend.NewLifecycleClient(config.OpenSandboxURL, config.OpenSandboxAPIKey, &http.Client{Timeout: 60 * time.Second})
 		backend := opensandboxbackend.Backend{Lifecycle: lifecycle, Config: opensandboxbackend.Config{
 			Pool: config.OpenSandboxPool, Timeout: config.VMTimeout,
 			Entrypoint: []string{"/usr/local/bin/gitea-dynamic-runner", "executor"},
 			Env:        map[string]string{"SPIFFE_ENDPOINT_SOCKET": config.WorkloadAPIAddr},
 		}}
-		runtimes[placement] = placementRuntime{backend: backend, pool: pool}
+		vmExecutorBackend = &backend
 		assignments, err := backend.RecoverAssignments(ctx, config.TrustDomain)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 		for _, assignment := range assignments {
-			pool.Restore(assignment.ID)
+			vmPool.Restore(assignment.ID)
 			if err := registry.RecoverClaimed(assignment); err != nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("recover VM facade claim %s: %w", assignment.ID, err)
 			}
 		}
-		component, err := workerComponent(ctx, workerJS, config, placement, config.VMCapacity, taskworker.Worker{Backend: backend, Bootstrap: bootstrap, OnEvent: workerEventLogger(placement)}, registry, pool)
+		component, err := workerComponent(ctx, workerJS, config, taskassignment.BackendVM, config.VMCapacity, taskworker.Worker{Backend: backend, Bootstrap: bootstrap}, registry, vmPool)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		lifecycleReconciler := opensandboxbackend.LifecycleReconciler{Backend: backend, OnError: func(err error) {
-			slog.Error("backend lifecycle error", "component", "lifecycle", "placement", placement.Key(), "error", err)
-		}}
-		components[controller.OpenSandboxWorker] = runComponent(func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		lifecycleReconciler := opensandboxbackend.LifecycleReconciler{Backend: backend, OnError: func(err error) { log.Printf("VM lifecycle: %v", err) }}
+		components[controller.VMWorker] = runComponent(func(ctx context.Context) error {
 			group, groupContext := errgroup.WithContext(ctx)
 			group.Go(func() error { return component.Run(groupContext) })
 			group.Go(func() error { return lifecycleReconciler.Run(groupContext) })
@@ -291,28 +287,18 @@ func connectNATS(server, user, password, caFile, clientName string) (*nats.Conn,
 	return nats.Connect(server, options...)
 }

-func workerComponent(ctx context.Context, js jetstream.JetStream, config controllerConfig, placement taskassignment.Placement, capacity int, accepter assignmentqueue.Accepter, claims assignmentqueue.Claims, admission assignmentqueue.Admission) (controller.Component, error) {
-	consumer, err := assignmentqueue.OpenConsumer(ctx, js, config.Stream, config.SubjectBase, placement, capacity)
+func workerComponent(ctx context.Context, js jetstream.JetStream, config controllerConfig, backend taskassignment.Backend, capacity int, accepter assignmentqueue.Accepter, claims assignmentqueue.Claims, admission assignmentqueue.Admission) (controller.Component, error) {
+	consumer, err := assignmentqueue.OpenConsumer(ctx, js, config.Stream, config.SubjectBase, backend, capacity)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	return assignmentqueue.ConsumerComponent{
 		Consumer: consumer, Capacity: capacity,
-		Processor: assignmentqueue.Processor{TrustDomain: config.TrustDomain, Accepter: accepter, Claims: claims, Admission: admission, OnEvent: func(event assignmentqueue.Event) {
-			slog.Info("assignment transition", "component", "worker", "event", event.Name, "placement", event.Placement.Key(), "assignment", event.AssignmentID, "retry_delay", event.RetryDelay)
-		}},
-		OnError: func(err error) {
-			slog.Error("assignment processing error", "component", "worker", "placement", placement.Key(), "error", err)
-		},
+		Processor: assignmentqueue.Processor{TrustDomain: config.TrustDomain, Accepter: accepter, Claims: claims, Admission: admission},
+		OnError:   func(err error) { log.Printf("%s worker: %v", backend, err) },
 	}, nil
 }

-func workerEventLogger(placement taskassignment.Placement) func(taskworker.Event) {
-	return func(event taskworker.Event) {
-		slog.Info("executor transition", "component", "worker", "event", event.Name, "placement", placement.Key(), "assignment", event.AssignmentID, "executor", event.Executor, "phase", event.Phase)
-	}
-}
-
 func loadControllerConfig() (controllerConfig, error) {
 	selection, err := controller.ParseSelection(os.Getenv("COMPONENTS"))
 	if err != nil {
@@ -359,23 +345,20 @@ func loadControllerConfig() (controllerConfig, error) {
 		FacadeListen: env("RUNNER_FACADE_LISTEN", ":8443"), FacadeURL: os.Getenv("RUNNER_FACADE_URL"), FacadeSPIFFEID: os.Getenv("RUNNER_FACADE_SPIFFE_ID"), CapabilityKey: []byte(capabilityKey),
 		PodNamespace: env("POD_NAMESPACE", "gitea-actions"), PodImage: os.Getenv("POD_EXECUTOR_IMAGE"), PodServiceAccount: env("POD_SERVICE_ACCOUNT", "gitea-task-executor"),
 		SPIRECluster: env("SPIRE_CLUSTER", "homelab"), SPIREClass: env("SPIRE_CLASS", "spire-mgmt-spire"), SPIREAgentID: os.Getenv("SPIRE_AGENT_ID"), PodExecutorUID: envInt("POD_EXECUTOR_UID", 2000), PodCapacity: envInt("POD_CAPACITY", 4),
-		OpenSandboxURL: os.Getenv("OPENSANDBOX_API"), OpenSandboxPool: env("OPENSANDBOX_POOL", "ci-vm"), VMRunnerLabel: env("VM_RUNNER_LABEL", "vm"), VMTimeout: envInt("VM_TIMEOUT_SECONDS", 14400), VMCapacity: envInt("VM_CAPACITY", 1),
+		OpenSandboxURL: os.Getenv("OPENSANDBOX_API"), OpenSandboxPool: env("OPENSANDBOX_POOL", "ci-vm"), VMTimeout: envInt("VM_TIMEOUT_SECONDS", 14400), VMCapacity: envInt("VM_CAPACITY", 1),
 	}
 	if config.WorkloadAPIAddr == "" || config.FacadeURL == "" || config.FacadeSPIFFEID == "" {
 		return controllerConfig{}, errors.New("SPIFFE_ENDPOINT_SOCKET, RUNNER_FACADE_URL, and RUNNER_FACADE_SPIFFE_ID are required")
 	}
-	if slices.Contains(selection, controller.KubernetesWorker) && config.PodImage == "" {
-		return controllerConfig{}, errors.New("POD_EXECUTOR_IMAGE is required for kubernetes-worker")
+	if slices.Contains(selection, controller.PodWorker) && config.PodImage == "" {
+		return controllerConfig{}, errors.New("POD_EXECUTOR_IMAGE is required for pod-worker")
 	}
-	if slices.Contains(selection, controller.KubernetesWorker) && config.SPIREAgentID == "" {
-		return controllerConfig{}, errors.New("SPIRE_AGENT_ID is required for kubernetes-worker")
+	if slices.Contains(selection, controller.PodWorker) && config.SPIREAgentID == "" {
+		return controllerConfig{}, errors.New("SPIRE_AGENT_ID is required for pod-worker")
 	}
-	if slices.Contains(selection, controller.OpenSandboxWorker) {
-		if config.VMRunnerLabel != "vm" && config.VMRunnerLabel != "vm-dev" {
-			return controllerConfig{}, errors.New("VM_RUNNER_LABEL must be vm or vm-dev")
-		}
+	if slices.Contains(selection, controller.VMWorker) {
 		if config.OpenSandboxURL == "" {
-			return controllerConfig{}, errors.New("OPENSANDBOX_API is required for opensandbox-worker")
+			return controllerConfig{}, errors.New("OPENSANDBOX_API is required for vm-worker")
 		}
 		config.OpenSandboxAPIKey, err = read("OPENSANDBOX_API_KEY_FILE")
 		if err != nil {
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ func TestLoadControllerConfigUsesFileSecrets(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	if len(config.Components) != 2 || config.Components[0] != controller.Scheduler || config.Components[1] != controller.KubernetesWorker {
+	if len(config.Components) != 2 || config.Components[0] != controller.Scheduler || config.Components[1] != controller.PodWorker {
 		t.Fatalf("components = %#v", config.Components)
 	}
 	if config.GiteaUUID != "scheduler-uuid" || config.GiteaToken != "scheduler-token" || config.NATSProducerPassword != "producer-password" || config.NATSWorkerPassword != "worker-password" {
@@ -56,7 +56,6 @@ func TestLoadControllerConfigRequiresOpenSandboxSecretOnlyForVM(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Setenv("RUNNER_FACADE_URL", "https://facade:8443")
 	t.Setenv("RUNNER_FACADE_SPIFFE_ID", "spiffe://ddupan.top/controller")
 	t.Setenv("OPENSANDBOX_API", "http://opensandbox.internal")
-	t.Setenv("VM_RUNNER_LABEL", "vm-dev")
 	if _, err := loadControllerConfig(); err == nil {
 		t.Fatal("expected missing OpenSandbox API key file error")
 	}
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"log/slog"
 	"os"
 	"os/signal"
 	"syscall"
@@ -13,9 +12,8 @@ import (
 )

 func main() {
-	slog.SetDefault(slog.New(slog.NewJSONHandler(os.Stderr, nil)))
 	if err := run(); err != nil {
-		slog.Error("runner stopped", "error", err)
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err)
 		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 }
@@ -21,16 +21,14 @@ RUN groupadd --gid 2000 runner \
    && useradd --uid 2000 --gid 2000 --groups docker --create-home --shell /bin/bash runner \
    && printf 'runner ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL\n' >/etc/sudoers.d/runner \
    && chmod 0440 /etc/sudoers.d/runner \
-    && install -d -o 2000 -g 2000 /data /workspace
+    && install -d -o 2000 -g 2000 /data

 COPY --from=runner /usr/local/bin/gitea-runner /usr/local/bin/gitea-runner
 COPY --from=controller /out/gitea-dynamic-runner /usr/local/bin/gitea-dynamic-runner
 COPY --from=spire /opt/spire/bin/spire-agent /opt/spire/bin/spire-agent
-RUN ln -s /opt/spire/bin/spire-agent /usr/local/bin/spire-agent
 COPY config/runner.yaml /etc/gitea-runner/config.yaml
 COPY --chmod=0755 scripts/gitea-job-started /usr/local/libexec/gitea-job-started
 COPY --chmod=0755 scripts/gitea-opensandbox-runner /usr/local/libexec/gitea-opensandbox-runner
-COPY --chmod=0755 scripts/setup-job-docker /usr/local/libexec/setup-job-docker

 VOLUME ["/data"]
 ENV HOME=/home/runner
@@ -2,22 +2,19 @@

 ## 对 workflow 的接口

-Runner 将执行环境的能力类型与实现 driver 分开声明：
+Runner 只向 workflow 暴露两个执行环境：

 ```yaml
-runs-on: [self-hosted, container, kubernetes]
+runs-on: [self-hosted, pod]
 ```

 ```yaml
-runs-on: [self-hosted, vm, opensandbox]
+runs-on: [self-hosted, vm]
 ```

 - `self-hosted` 是固定前缀。
- `container`、`vm` 是 workload class；`kubernetes`、`opensandbox` 是 placement driver。
- 当前支持 `container+kubernetes` 和 `vm+opensandbox`。旧 `pod` 与 `vm` 标签分别是
-  两个组合的严格兼容别名，显式指定 driver 后不得因容量或故障回退到另一 driver。
- container 承担常规 CI、镜像构建和 kind 等任务；VM 承担需要独立内核、KVM、
-  systemd 或更强隔离的任务。
+- `pod` 表示一次性 Kubernetes Pod，承担常规 CI、镜像构建和 kind 等任务。
+- `vm` 表示一次性 microVM，承担需要独立内核、KVM、systemd 或更强隔离的任务。

 执行后端是基础设施选择，不是权限角色。workflow 不需要额外声明由 controller
 维护的 role 或权限 label。
@@ -40,11 +40,9 @@ UID attestation 的临时 Agent 失去父级。

 `ci-vm` 使用 `kata-clh-runtime-rs`；`ci-pod` 使用默认 runc。两者都要求：

- runner 镜像包含 Gitea Runner、Node.js action userspace、SPIRE CLI、Docker 工具和
-  identity gate；Pod 与 VM backend 使用同一个镜像；
- runner UID 2000；SPIRE Agent 独立运行；job-started hook 在第一步 workflow 之前
-  启动 job-local Docker daemon，业务 workflow 不负责 runner 基础设施初始化；
- Kata VM 中 Docker 数据使用 guest 内的 loop-backed ext4，并随 sandbox 一起删除；
+- runner 镜像包含 Gitea Runner、Node.js action userspace、SPIRE CLI 和 identity gate；
+- runner UID 2000，SPIRE Agent 与 privileged dockerd 使用不同 UID；
+- Docker socket 通过 group 2000 共享，Docker 数据仅存在于 sandbox emptyDir；
 - `self-hosted` 必须是所有 runner labels 的前缀；
 - ephemeral/once runner 完成一项任务后退出。

@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
 ## 目标

 长期形态不依赖 `workflow_job` webhook 发现工作。controller 本身作为 Gitea Runner
-协议客户端注册，并声明 workload class 与 driver labels；单个 registration 内按总
-配置容量启动多个 `FetchTask` goroutine，再将 task 按 `runs-on` 交给 placement 对应的
-独立容量池，由一次性 Pod 或 microVM 执行。
+协议客户端注册，并声明 `self-hosted`、`pod` 和 `vm` labels；单个 registration 内按总
+配置容量启动多个 `FetchTask` goroutine，再将 task 按 `runs-on` 交给 Pod 或 VM 的独立
+容量池，由一次性 Pod 或 microVM 执行。

 ```text
 Gitea RunnerService
@@ -13,14 +13,14 @@ Gitea RunnerService
        ▼
 dynamic-runner scheduler
        │ 已领取的 task + lease
-        ├── container.kubernetes executor
-        └── vm.opensandbox executor
+        ├── Pod executor
+        └── microVM executor
                │ logs / state / result
                └──────────────────────► Gitea
 ```

-controller 使用单一 Go 二进制；默认在同一进程启用 `scheduler`、`kubernetes-worker`
-和 `opensandbox-worker`，也可通过 `--components` 只启用其中一部分。组件是独立应用服务边界，
+controller 使用单一 Go 二进制；默认在同一进程启用 `scheduler`、`pod-worker` 和
+`vm-worker`，也可通过 `--components` 只启用其中一部分。组件是独立应用服务边界，
 共享进程不意味着共享后端状态或把 assignment 降级为内存 channel。

 首轮集成的 facade pending/claimed registry 与三个组件同进程。虽然二进制保留组件选择
@@ -47,13 +47,10 @@ facade，并严格校验 facade 的 SPIFFE ID。这样无需修改 runner 或把

 ## 设计约束

- 规范接口为 `[self-hosted, container, kubernetes]` 和
-  `[self-hosted, vm, opensandbox]`。旧 `pod`、`vm`、`vm-dev` 标签保留严格映射，不能与
-  冲突 class/driver 混用；显式 driver 不允许自动回退。
+- 对 workflow 的接口保持 `[self-hosted, pod]` 和 `[self-hosted, vm]` 不变。
 - scheduler 使用单一 Gitea runner UUID/token 和一个 `Declare`，不为并发槽位重复注册；
  `POD_CAPACITY + VM_CAPACITY` 决定并发 `FetchTask` goroutine 数量。
- task 领取并持久化后按 placement 进入独立 durable consumer；v2 subject 为
-  `<subject-base>.<workload-class>.<driver>`。对应容量池已满时延迟 NAK，
+- task 领取并持久化后按 backend 进入独立 durable consumer；对应容量池已满时延迟 NAK，
  assignment 保持 JetStream pending，且不得创建超出配置容量的 workload。
 - scheduler Declare 后使用 RunnerService 长轮询；一旦 FetchTask 返回已分配 task，在
  JetStream publish 成功前只重试该 assignment，不领取下一项。
@@ -69,7 +66,7 @@ facade，并严格校验 facade 的 SPIFFE ID。这样无需修改 runner 或把
 - JetStream 只持久化和投递 assignment，不保存 executor 生命周期状态。Pod labels/annotations
  与 OpenSandbox metadata 是后端运行状态的权威来源，Gitea 是 task 终态的权威来源。
 - assignment 使用版本化 envelope 保存完整 Gitea protobuf task，并从 workflow `runs-on`
-  严格选择 workload class 与 driver；消费者解码后重新派生 placement 与身份，拒绝被篡改的冗余字段。
+  严格选择 pod 或 vm subject；消费者解码后重新派生 backend 与身份，拒绝被篡改的冗余字段。
 - JetStream 的 message ID 等于稳定 assignment ID `gitea-task-<task-id>`，仅用于发布去重，
  不承担 executor 生命周期记录。
 - worker 按稳定 assignment ID reconcile 后端资源，进程内只保留并发控制等可丢弃状态；
@@ -79,7 +76,7 @@ facade，并严格校验 facade 的 SPIFFE ID。这样无需修改 runner 或把
 - executor 成功 claim 后 ACK assignment。Gitea 接受 terminal update 后，facade 在后端
  metadata 写入持久 terminal marker；backend reconciler 仅在执行环境也进入终态后清理，
  从而关闭进程重启窗口且避免删除尚未完成结果上报的环境。
- 每个 placement 使用独立 durable consumer、进程内 admission pool 和并发上限。consumer 只负责将 assignment
+- pod 与 vm 使用独立 durable consumer、进程内 admission pool 和并发上限。consumer 只负责将 assignment
  幂等落到后端；executor 与身份恢复 metadata 持久化后立即 `DoubleAck`。尚未取得
  Pod UID 等短暂未就绪状态以及临时后端错误使用延迟 NAK。
 - admission pool 只保存可重建的并发状态：启动时从 Pod labels/annotations 或 OpenSandbox
@@ -89,10 +86,10 @@ facade，并严格校验 facade 的 SPIFFE ID。这样无需修改 runner 或把
 - consumer 在 executor 使用上述 facade 成功 claim task 后确认 assignment；无需把完整
  task 写入 Pod annotation、OpenSandbox metadata 或环境变量。
 - Pod 与 VM 共享 task/executor 协议，只有环境创建和销毁实现不同。
- scheduler 在 assignment 持久化到 JetStream 后即可继续领取；各 placement 分别由 durable
+- scheduler 在 assignment 持久化到 JetStream 后即可继续领取；Pod 与 VM 分别由 durable
  consumer 的 capacity 限制并发，不共享全局执行槽位。未知后端故障由对应 consumer 的
  NAK/redelivery 收敛，不能阻塞另一种 backend。
- 两种现有 driver 都注入同一份 runner bootstrap 环境；container 仍由 homelab Kubernetes 原生
+- 两种 backend 都注入同一份 runner bootstrap 环境；Pod 仍由 homelab Kubernetes 原生
  创建，只有 VM 经 OpenSandbox 创建，bootstrap 机制不改变 backend 边界。

 ## 实现顺序
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ type publishAPI interface {
 	PublishMsg(context.Context, *nats.Msg, ...jetstream.PublishOpt) (*jetstream.PubAck, error)
 }

-// Publisher implements the scheduler dispatcher with one subject per placement.
+// Publisher implements the scheduler dispatcher with one subject per backend.
 type Publisher struct {
 	JetStream   publishAPI
 	SubjectBase string
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ func (p Publisher) Dispatch(ctx context.Context, assignment taskassignment.Assig
 		return errors.New("assignment subject base is required")
 	}
 	message := &nats.Msg{
-		Subject: base + "." + assignment.Placement.Key(),
+		Subject: base + "." + string(assignment.Backend),
 		Header:  nats.Header{jetstream.MsgIDHeader: []string{assignment.ID}},
 		Data:    body,
 	}
@@ -78,22 +78,6 @@ type Processor struct {
 	Admission    Admission
 	RetryDelay   time.Duration
 	ClaimTimeout time.Duration
-	OnEvent      func(Event)
-}
-
-// Event describes a non-sensitive assignment handoff transition. It never
-// contains task payloads, credentials, capabilities, or workload identities.
-type Event struct {
-	Name         string
-	AssignmentID string
-	Placement    taskassignment.Placement
-	RetryDelay   time.Duration
-}
-
-func (p Processor) event(name string, assignment taskassignment.Assignment, retryDelay time.Duration) {
-	if p.OnEvent != nil {
-		p.OnEvent(Event{Name: name, AssignmentID: assignment.ID, Placement: assignment.Placement, RetryDelay: retryDelay})
-	}
 }

 func (p Processor) Process(ctx context.Context, message Message) error {
@@ -104,7 +88,6 @@ func (p Processor) Process(ctx context.Context, message Message) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return errors.Join(err, message.TermWithReason("invalid assignment"))
 	}
-	p.event("received", assignment, 0)
 	if _, err := p.Claims.Offer(assignment); err != nil {
 		return errors.Join(err, message.TermWithReason("conflicting assignment"))
 	}
@@ -113,10 +96,8 @@ func (p Processor) Process(ctx context.Context, message Message) error {
 		if delay <= 0 {
 			delay = 2 * time.Second
 		}
-		p.event("capacity_wait", assignment, delay)
 		return message.NakWithDelay(delay)
 	}
-	p.event("capacity_acquired", assignment, 0)
 	accepted, err := p.Accepter.Accept(ctx, assignment)
 	if err != nil {
 		p.Admission.Release(assignment.ID)
@@ -124,11 +105,9 @@ func (p Processor) Process(ctx context.Context, message Message) error {
 		if delay <= 0 {
 			delay = 15 * time.Second
 		}
-		p.event("backend_retry", assignment, delay)
 		return errors.Join(err, message.NakWithDelay(delay))
 	}
 	if accepted {
-		p.event("backend_ready", assignment, 0)
 		timeout := p.ClaimTimeout
 		if timeout <= 0 {
 			timeout = 4 * time.Minute
@@ -141,21 +120,17 @@ func (p Processor) Process(ctx context.Context, message Message) error {
 			if delay <= 0 {
 				delay = 2 * time.Second
 			}
-			p.event("claim_timeout", assignment, delay)
 			return errors.Join(err, message.NakWithDelay(delay))
 		}
-		p.event("runner_claimed", assignment, 0)
 		if err := message.DoubleAck(ctx); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("ack assignment %s: %w", assignment.ID, err)
 		}
-		p.event("acked", assignment, 0)
 		return nil
 	}
 	delay := p.RetryDelay
 	if delay <= 0 {
 		delay = 2 * time.Second
 	}
-	p.event("backend_pending", assignment, delay)
 	return message.NakWithDelay(delay)
 }

@@ -178,29 +153,23 @@ type consumerManager interface {

 // OpenConsumer creates the durable backend cursor. Capacity is enforced both
 // server-side and by ConsumerComponent's local semaphore.
-func OpenConsumer(ctx context.Context, manager consumerManager, stream, subjectBase string, placement taskassignment.Placement, capacity int) (jetstream.Consumer, error) {
+func OpenConsumer(ctx context.Context, manager consumerManager, stream, subjectBase string, backend taskassignment.Backend, capacity int) (jetstream.Consumer, error) {
 	if manager == nil || stream == "" || strings.TrimSuffix(subjectBase, ".") == "" || capacity < 1 {
 		return nil, errors.New("JetStream manager, stream, subject base, and positive capacity are required")
 	}
-	if err := placement.Validate(); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+	if backend != taskassignment.BackendPod && backend != taskassignment.BackendVM {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported assignment backend %q", backend)
 	}
-	key := placement.Key()
-	// JetStream consumer names may not contain dots even though subjects do.
-	// Keep the placement subject hierarchical while using a stable, legal name
-	// for the durable cursor.
-	consumerName := strings.ReplaceAll(key, ".", "-")
 	consumer, err := manager.CreateOrUpdateConsumer(ctx, stream, jetstream.ConsumerConfig{
-		Name:          consumerName,
-		Durable:       consumerName,
-		FilterSubject: strings.TrimSuffix(subjectBase, ".") + "." + key,
+		Name:          string(backend),
+		Durable:       string(backend),
+		FilterSubject: strings.TrimSuffix(subjectBase, ".") + "." + string(backend),
 		AckPolicy:     jetstream.AckExplicitPolicy,
 		AckWait:       5 * time.Minute,
 		MaxAckPending: capacity,
-		MaxDeliver:    1000,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("open %s assignment consumer: %w", key, err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("open %s assignment consumer: %w", backend, err)
 	}
 	return consumer, nil
 }
@@ -38,13 +38,13 @@ func (p *fakePublisher) PublishMsg(_ context.Context, message *nats.Msg, _ ...je
 	return &jetstream.PubAck{}, nil
 }

-func TestPublisherUsesPlacementSubjectAndAssignmentDeduplication(t *testing.T) {
+func TestPublisherUsesBackendSubjectAndAssignmentDeduplication(t *testing.T) {
 	api := &fakePublisher{}
 	publisher := Publisher{JetStream: api, SubjectBase: "ci.assignment"}
 	if err := publisher.Dispatch(context.Background(), testAssignment(t)); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	if api.message.Subject != "ci.assignment.container.kubernetes" {
+	if api.message.Subject != "ci.assignment.pod" {
 		t.Fatalf("subject = %q", api.message.Subject)
 	}
 	if api.message.Header.Get(jetstream.MsgIDHeader) != "gitea-task-42" {
@@ -126,23 +126,13 @@ func encodedAssignment(t *testing.T) []byte {

 func TestProcessorAcknowledgesPersistedHandoff(t *testing.T) {
 	message := &fakeMessage{data: encodedAssignment(t)}
-	var events []Event
-	processor := Processor{TrustDomain: "ddupan.top", Accepter: &fakeAccepter{accepted: true}, Claims: &fakeClaims{claimed: true}, Admission: &fakeAdmission{allowed: true}, OnEvent: func(event Event) { events = append(events, event) }}
+	processor := Processor{TrustDomain: "ddupan.top", Accepter: &fakeAccepter{accepted: true}, Claims: &fakeClaims{claimed: true}, Admission: &fakeAdmission{allowed: true}}
 	if err := processor.Process(context.Background(), message); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 	if message.acked != 1 || message.nacked != 0 {
 		t.Fatalf("message = %#v", message)
 	}
-	want := []string{"received", "capacity_acquired", "backend_ready", "runner_claimed", "acked"}
-	if len(events) != len(want) {
-		t.Fatalf("events = %#v", events)
-	}
-	for index := range want {
-		if events[index].Name != want[index] || events[index].AssignmentID != "gitea-task-42" || events[index].Placement != taskassignment.KubernetesContainer {
-			t.Fatalf("event[%d] = %#v", index, events[index])
-		}
-	}
 }

 func TestProcessorRetriesUntilBackendHandoffIsDurable(t *testing.T) {
@@ -210,12 +200,12 @@ func (m *fakeConsumerManager) CreateOrUpdateConsumer(_ context.Context, _ string
 	return nil, nil
 }

-func TestOpenConsumerUsesIndependentDurablePerPlacement(t *testing.T) {
+func TestOpenConsumerUsesIndependentDurablePerBackend(t *testing.T) {
 	manager := &fakeConsumerManager{}
-	if _, err := OpenConsumer(context.Background(), manager, "CI_RUNNER", "ci.assignment", taskassignment.KubernetesContainer, 4); err != nil {
+	if _, err := OpenConsumer(context.Background(), manager, "CI_RUNNER", "ci.assignment", taskassignment.BackendPod, 4); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	if manager.config.Name != "container-kubernetes" || manager.config.Durable != "container-kubernetes" || manager.config.FilterSubject != "ci.assignment.container.kubernetes" || manager.config.AckPolicy != jetstream.AckExplicitPolicy || manager.config.MaxAckPending != 4 || manager.config.MaxDeliver != 1000 {
+	if manager.config.Durable != "pod" || manager.config.FilterSubject != "ci.assignment.pod" || manager.config.AckPolicy != jetstream.AckExplicitPolicy || manager.config.MaxAckPending != 4 || manager.config.MaxDeliver != 0 {
 		t.Fatalf("config = %#v", manager.config)
 	}
 }
@@ -14,12 +14,12 @@ import (
 type ComponentName string

 const (
-	Scheduler         ComponentName = "scheduler"
-	KubernetesWorker  ComponentName = "kubernetes-worker"
-	OpenSandboxWorker ComponentName = "opensandbox-worker"
+	Scheduler ComponentName = "scheduler"
+	PodWorker ComponentName = "pod-worker"
+	VMWorker  ComponentName = "vm-worker"
 )

-var defaultComponents = []ComponentName{Scheduler, KubernetesWorker, OpenSandboxWorker}
+var defaultComponents = []ComponentName{Scheduler, PodWorker, VMWorker}

 // Selection parses --components. An empty value enables all components.
 type Selection []ComponentName
@@ -31,12 +31,6 @@ func ParseSelection(value string) (Selection, error) {
 	var selected Selection
 	for _, raw := range strings.Split(value, ",") {
 		name := ComponentName(strings.TrimSpace(raw))
-		switch name {
-		case "pod-worker":
-			name = KubernetesWorker
-		case "vm-worker":
-			name = OpenSandboxWorker
-		}
 		if !slices.Contains(defaultComponents, name) {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unknown controller component %q", name)
 		}
@@ -13,18 +13,18 @@ func TestParseSelectionDefaultsToAll(t *testing.T) {
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
-		if len(selection) != 3 || selection[0] != Scheduler || selection[1] != KubernetesWorker || selection[2] != OpenSandboxWorker {
+		if len(selection) != 3 || selection[0] != Scheduler || selection[1] != PodWorker || selection[2] != VMWorker {
 			t.Fatalf("selection = %v", selection)
 		}
 	}
 }

 func TestParseSelectionAllowsOneOrMoreComponents(t *testing.T) {
-	selection, err := ParseSelection("opensandbox-worker,scheduler,opensandbox-worker")
+	selection, err := ParseSelection("vm-worker,scheduler,vm-worker")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	if len(selection) != 2 || selection[0] != OpenSandboxWorker || selection[1] != Scheduler {
+	if len(selection) != 2 || selection[0] != VMWorker || selection[1] != Scheduler {
 		t.Fatalf("selection = %v", selection)
 	}
 	if _, err := ParseSelection("webhook"); err == nil {
@@ -32,16 +32,6 @@ func TestParseSelectionAllowsOneOrMoreComponents(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

-func TestParseSelectionNormalizesLegacyWorkerNames(t *testing.T) {
-	selection, err := ParseSelection("pod-worker,vm-worker")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	if len(selection) != 2 || selection[0] != KubernetesWorker || selection[1] != OpenSandboxWorker {
-		t.Fatalf("selection = %v", selection)
-	}
-}
-
 type componentFunc func(context.Context) error

 func (f componentFunc) Run(ctx context.Context) error { return f(ctx) }
@@ -55,14 +45,14 @@ func TestRunStartsSelectedComponentsAndCancelsPeers(t *testing.T) {
 			started <- Scheduler
 			return errors.New("poll failed")
 		}),
-		KubernetesWorker: componentFunc(func(ctx context.Context) error {
-			started <- KubernetesWorker
+		PodWorker: componentFunc(func(ctx context.Context) error {
+			started <- PodWorker
 			<-ctx.Done()
 			once.Do(func() { close(peerStopped) })
 			return ctx.Err()
 		}),
 	}
-	err := Run(context.Background(), Selection{Scheduler, KubernetesWorker}, registry)
+	err := Run(context.Background(), Selection{Scheduler, PodWorker}, registry)
 	if err == nil || !errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) && err.Error() != "component scheduler: poll failed" {
 		t.Fatalf("Run() error = %v", err)
 	}
@@ -119,10 +119,7 @@ func (b Backend) RecoverAssignments(ctx context.Context, trustDomain string) ([]
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	result, err := b.Lifecycle.ListSandboxes(ctx, opensandbox.ListOptions{
-		Metadata: map[string]string{
-			"ci.ddupan.top/workload-class": "vm",
-			"ci.ddupan.top/driver":         "opensandbox",
-		}, PageSize: 100,
+		Metadata: map[string]string{"ci.ddupan.top/backend": "vm"}, PageSize: 100,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("list recoverable sandboxes: %w", err)
@@ -175,8 +172,8 @@ func (b Backend) Create(ctx context.Context, assignment taskassignment.Assignmen
 	if err := b.validate(); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	if assignment.Placement != taskassignment.OpenSandboxVM {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("OpenSandbox backend cannot create %q", assignment.Placement.Key())
+	if assignment.Backend != taskassignment.BackendVM {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("OpenSandbox backend cannot create %q assignment", assignment.Backend)
 	}
 	environment := clone(b.Config.Env)
 	for key, value := range launch.Environment {
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ func backend(lifecycle Lifecycle) Backend {

 func assignment() taskassignment.Assignment {
 	return taskassignment.Assignment{
-		ID: "gitea-task-42", Placement: taskassignment.OpenSandboxVM,
+		ID: "gitea-task-42", Backend: taskassignment.BackendVM,
 		Task:     &runnerv1.Task{Id: 42},
 		Identity: taskidentity.Identity{Repository: "owner/repo", Task: "publish", SPIFFEID: "spiffe://ddupan.top/ci/owner/repo/publish"},
 	}
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ func (b Backend) RecoverAssignments(ctx context.Context) ([]taskassignment.Assig
 	if err := b.validate(); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	pods, err := b.API.ListPods(ctx, b.Config.Namespace, "ci.ddupan.top/workload-class=container,ci.ddupan.top/driver=kubernetes")
+	pods, err := b.API.ListPods(ctx, b.Config.Namespace, "ci.ddupan.top/backend=pod")
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("list recoverable assignment Pods: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -159,8 +159,8 @@ func (b Backend) Create(ctx context.Context, assignment taskassignment.Assignmen
 	if err := b.validate(); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	if assignment.Placement != taskassignment.KubernetesContainer {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Kubernetes backend cannot create %q", assignment.Placement.Key())
+	if assignment.Backend != taskassignment.BackendPod {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Pod backend cannot create %q assignment", assignment.Backend)
 	}
 	labels := clone(launch.Metadata.Labels)
 	labels["app.kubernetes.io/name"] = "gitea-dynamic-runner"
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ func backend(api API) Backend {

 func assignment() taskassignment.Assignment {
 	return taskassignment.Assignment{
-		ID: "gitea-task-42", Placement: taskassignment.KubernetesContainer,
+		ID: "gitea-task-42", Backend: taskassignment.BackendPod,
 		Task: &runnerv1.Task{Id: 42},
 		Identity: taskidentity.Identity{
 			Repository: "owner/repo", Task: "publish",
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ import (

 	corev1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
 	apierrors "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/errors"
-	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/resource"
 	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1/unstructured"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime/schema"
@@ -77,25 +76,16 @@ func (c *Client) CreatePod(ctx context.Context, manifest PodManifest) (Pod, erro
 			Containers: []corev1.Container{{
 				Name: "executor", Image: manifest.Image, Args: manifest.Args, Env: environment,
 				SecurityContext: &corev1.SecurityContext{Privileged: boolPointer(true)},
-				VolumeMounts: []corev1.VolumeMount{
-					{Name: "spire-agent-socket", MountPath: "/run/spire/agent-sockets", ReadOnly: true},
-					{Name: "docker-data", MountPath: "/var/lib/docker"},
-				},
+				VolumeMounts: []corev1.VolumeMount{{
+					Name: "spire-agent-socket", MountPath: "/run/spire/agent-sockets", ReadOnly: true,
+				}},
+			}},
+			Volumes: []corev1.Volume{{
+				Name: "spire-agent-socket",
+				VolumeSource: corev1.VolumeSource{CSI: &corev1.CSIVolumeSource{
+					Driver: "csi.spiffe.io", ReadOnly: boolPointer(true),
+				}},
 			}},
-			Volumes: []corev1.Volume{
-				{
-					Name: "spire-agent-socket",
-					VolumeSource: corev1.VolumeSource{CSI: &corev1.CSIVolumeSource{
-						Driver: "csi.spiffe.io", ReadOnly: boolPointer(true),
-					}},
-				},
-				{
-					Name: "docker-data",
-					VolumeSource: corev1.VolumeSource{EmptyDir: &corev1.EmptyDirVolumeSource{
-						SizeLimit: resourceQuantity("20Gi"),
-					}},
-				},
-			},
 		},
 	}
 	created, err := c.Kubernetes.CoreV1().Pods(manifest.Namespace).Create(ctx, document, metav1.CreateOptions{})
@@ -179,11 +169,6 @@ func podFromKubernetes(pod corev1.Pod) Pod {

 func boolPointer(value bool) *bool { return &value }

-func resourceQuantity(value string) *resource.Quantity {
-	quantity := resource.MustParse(value)
-	return &quantity
-}
-
 func stringMap(values map[string]string) map[string]any {
 	result := make(map[string]any, len(values))
 	for key, value := range values {
@@ -37,12 +37,6 @@ func TestClientPodLifecycleUsesTypedClient(t *testing.T) {
 	if got := pod.Spec.Containers[0].Env; len(got) != 1 || got[0].Name != "CI_RUNNER_CAPABILITY" || got[0].Value != "capability" {
 		t.Fatalf("environment = %#v", got)
 	}
-	if got := pod.Spec.Containers[0].VolumeMounts; len(got) != 2 || got[1].Name != "docker-data" || got[1].MountPath != "/var/lib/docker" {
-		t.Fatalf("volume mounts = %#v", got)
-	}
-	if got := pod.Spec.Volumes; len(got) != 2 || got[1].EmptyDir == nil || got[1].EmptyDir.SizeLimit == nil || got[1].EmptyDir.SizeLimit.String() != "20Gi" {
-		t.Fatalf("volumes = %#v", got)
-	}
 	if err := client.LabelPod(context.Background(), "gitea-actions", created.Name, map[string]string{terminalLabel: "true"}); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -13,13 +13,12 @@ import (
 )

 const (
-	EnvAssignmentID  = "CI_ASSIGNMENT_ID"
-	EnvCapability    = "CI_RUNNER_CAPABILITY"
-	EnvFacadeURL     = "CI_RUNNER_FACADE_URL"
-	EnvFacadeID      = "CI_RUNNER_FACADE_SPIFFE_ID"
-	EnvSPIFFEID      = "CI_SPIFFE_ID"
-	EnvWorkloadClass = "CI_WORKLOAD_CLASS"
-	EnvDriver        = "CI_WORKLOAD_DRIVER"
+	EnvAssignmentID = "CI_ASSIGNMENT_ID"
+	EnvCapability   = "CI_RUNNER_CAPABILITY"
+	EnvFacadeURL    = "CI_RUNNER_FACADE_URL"
+	EnvFacadeID     = "CI_RUNNER_FACADE_SPIFFE_ID"
+	EnvSPIFFEID     = "CI_SPIFFE_ID"
+	EnvBackend      = "CI_RUNNER_BACKEND"
 )

 // Bootstrap emits assignment-scoped launch configuration. FacadeURL is the
@@ -49,8 +48,7 @@ func (b Bootstrap) Environment(assignment taskassignment.Assignment) (map[string
 		EnvFacadeURL:             b.FacadeURL,
 		EnvFacadeID:              b.FacadeSPIFFEID,
 		EnvSPIFFEID:              assignment.Identity.SPIFFEID,
-		EnvWorkloadClass:         string(assignment.Placement.Class),
-		EnvDriver:                string(assignment.Placement.Driver),
+		EnvBackend:               string(assignment.Backend),
 		"SPIFFE_ENDPOINT_SOCKET": b.WorkloadAPIAddr,
 	}, nil
 }
@@ -69,7 +67,7 @@ type Registration struct {
 	Ephemeral bool     `json:"ephemeral"`
 }

-func RegistrationJSON(assignmentID, capability, localProxyURL string, placement taskassignment.Placement) ([]byte, error) {
+func RegistrationJSON(assignmentID, capability, localProxyURL string, backend taskassignment.Backend) ([]byte, error) {
 	if assignmentID == "" || capability == "" {
 		return nil, errors.New("assignment ID and runner capability are required")
 	}
@@ -77,13 +75,13 @@ func RegistrationJSON(assignmentID, capability, localProxyURL string, placement
 	if err != nil || parsed.Scheme != "http" || parsed.Host == "" {
 		return nil, errors.New("local runner proxy URL must be an absolute http URL")
 	}
-	if err := placement.Validate(); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+	if backend != taskassignment.BackendPod && backend != taskassignment.BackendVM {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported runner backend %q", backend)
 	}
 	registration := Registration{
 		Warning: "Generated for one preassigned task by gitea-dynamic-runner.",
 		UUID:    assignmentID, Name: assignmentID, Token: capability,
-		Address: localProxyURL, Labels: []string{"self-hosted", string(placement.Class), string(placement.Driver)}, Ephemeral: true,
+		Address: localProxyURL, Labels: []string{"self-hosted", string(backend)}, Ephemeral: true,
 	}
 	data, err := json.MarshalIndent(registration, "", "  ")
 	if err != nil {
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ func testBootstrap(t *testing.T) Bootstrap {

 func testAssignment() taskassignment.Assignment {
 	return taskassignment.Assignment{
-		ID: "gitea-task-42", Placement: taskassignment.KubernetesContainer,
+		ID: "gitea-task-42", Backend: taskassignment.BackendPod,
 		Identity: taskidentity.Identity{SPIFFEID: "spiffe://ddupan.top/ci/owner/repo/publish"},
 	}
 }
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ func TestEnvironmentIsDeterministicAndAssignmentScoped(t *testing.T) {
 	if first[EnvAssignmentID] != "gitea-task-42" || first[EnvSPIFFEID] != testAssignment().Identity.SPIFFEID {
 		t.Fatalf("environment = %#v", first)
 	}
-	if first[EnvWorkloadClass] != "container" || first[EnvDriver] != "kubernetes" || first[EnvFacadeID] == "" {
+	if first[EnvBackend] != "pod" || first[EnvFacadeID] == "" {
 		t.Fatalf("environment = %#v", first)
 	}
 	if first["SPIFFE_ENDPOINT_SOCKET"] != "unix:///run/spire/agent-sockets/spire-agent.sock" {
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ func TestEnvironmentIsDeterministicAndAssignmentScoped(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestRegistrationMatchesOfficialRunnerSchema(t *testing.T) {
-	data, err := RegistrationJSON("gitea-task-42", "capability", "http://127.0.0.1:8080", taskassignment.OpenSandboxVM)
+	data, err := RegistrationJSON("gitea-task-42", "capability", "http://127.0.0.1:8080", taskassignment.BackendVM)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -66,13 +66,13 @@ func TestRegistrationMatchesOfficialRunnerSchema(t *testing.T) {
 	if registration.UUID != "gitea-task-42" || registration.Token != "capability" || registration.Address != "http://127.0.0.1:8080" || !registration.Ephemeral {
 		t.Fatalf("registration = %#v", registration)
 	}
-	if len(registration.Labels) != 3 || registration.Labels[0] != "self-hosted" || registration.Labels[1] != "vm" || registration.Labels[2] != "opensandbox" {
+	if len(registration.Labels) != 2 || registration.Labels[0] != "self-hosted" || registration.Labels[1] != "vm" {
 		t.Fatalf("labels = %#v", registration.Labels)
 	}
 }

 func TestRegistrationRejectsNonLocalTLSAddress(t *testing.T) {
-	if _, err := RegistrationJSON("id", "capability", "https://facade.example", taskassignment.KubernetesContainer); err == nil {
+	if _, err := RegistrationJSON("id", "capability", "https://facade.example", taskassignment.BackendPod); err == nil {
 		t.Fatal("expected local proxy URL validation error")
 	}
 }
@@ -17,12 +17,11 @@ import (
 type ExecutorConfig struct {
 	AssignmentID    string
 	Capability      string
-	Placement       taskassignment.Placement
+	Backend         taskassignment.Backend
 	FacadeURL       string
 	FacadeSPIFFEID  string
 	WorkloadAPIAddr string
 	RunnerBinary    string
-	RunnerConfig    string
 	ListenAddress   string
 	WorkDir         string
 	Stdout          *os.File
@@ -36,9 +35,6 @@ func RunExecutor(ctx context.Context, config ExecutorConfig) error {
 	if config.RunnerBinary == "" {
 		config.RunnerBinary = "gitea-runner"
 	}
-	if config.RunnerConfig == "" {
-		config.RunnerConfig = "/etc/gitea-runner/config.yaml"
-	}
 	if config.ListenAddress == "" {
 		config.ListenAddress = "127.0.0.1:0"
 	}
@@ -71,7 +67,7 @@ func RunExecutor(ctx context.Context, config ExecutorConfig) error {
 		defer os.RemoveAll(workDir)
 	}
 	registration, err := RegistrationJSON(
-		config.AssignmentID, config.Capability, "http://"+listener.Addr().String(), config.Placement,
+		config.AssignmentID, config.Capability, "http://"+listener.Addr().String(), config.Backend,
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -97,7 +93,7 @@ func RunExecutor(ctx context.Context, config ExecutorConfig) error {
 		return errors.Join(readyErr, shutdownErr, serverErr)
 	}

-	command := exec.CommandContext(ctx, config.RunnerBinary, runnerArguments(config.RunnerConfig)...)
+	command := exec.CommandContext(ctx, config.RunnerBinary, "daemon", "--once")
 	command.Dir = workDir
 	command.Stdout = config.Stdout
 	command.Stderr = config.Stderr
@@ -112,10 +108,6 @@ func RunExecutor(ctx context.Context, config ExecutorConfig) error {
 	return errors.Join(runnerErr, shutdownErr, serverErr)
 }

-func runnerArguments(configFile string) []string {
-	return []string{"daemon", "--config", configFile, "--once"}
-}
-
 func waitForFacade(ctx context.Context, endpoint string) error {
 	client := &http.Client{Timeout: 2 * time.Second}
 	ticker := time.NewTicker(250 * time.Millisecond)
@@ -144,16 +136,15 @@ func waitForFacade(ctx context.Context, endpoint string) error {
 // the assignment-scoped values injected by the backend. The Workload API
 // address follows SPIFFE_ENDPOINT_SOCKET through go-spiffe when not set here.
 func ExecutorConfigFromEnvironment() (ExecutorConfig, error) {
-	placement := taskassignment.Placement{Class: taskassignment.WorkloadClass(os.Getenv(EnvWorkloadClass)), Driver: taskassignment.Driver(os.Getenv(EnvDriver))}
-	if err := placement.Validate(); err != nil {
-		return ExecutorConfig{}, err
+	backend := taskassignment.Backend(os.Getenv(EnvBackend))
+	if backend != taskassignment.BackendPod && backend != taskassignment.BackendVM {
+		return ExecutorConfig{}, fmt.Errorf("invalid %s %q", EnvBackend, backend)
 	}
 	config := ExecutorConfig{
 		AssignmentID: os.Getenv(EnvAssignmentID), Capability: os.Getenv(EnvCapability),
-		Placement: placement, FacadeURL: os.Getenv(EnvFacadeURL), FacadeSPIFFEID: os.Getenv(EnvFacadeID),
-		RunnerBinary: os.Getenv("GITEA_RUNNER_BINARY"), RunnerConfig: os.Getenv("GITEA_RUNNER_CONFIG_FILE"),
-		ListenAddress: "127.0.0.1:0",
-		Stdout:        os.Stdout, Stderr: os.Stderr,
+		Backend: backend, FacadeURL: os.Getenv(EnvFacadeURL), FacadeSPIFFEID: os.Getenv(EnvFacadeID),
+		RunnerBinary: os.Getenv("GITEA_RUNNER_BINARY"), ListenAddress: "127.0.0.1:0",
+		Stdout: os.Stdout, Stderr: os.Stderr,
 	}
 	if config.AssignmentID == "" || config.Capability == "" || config.FacadeURL == "" || config.FacadeSPIFFEID == "" {
 		return ExecutorConfig{}, errors.New("complete runner assignment and facade environment is required")
@@ -4,19 +4,11 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
-	"reflect"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 )

-func TestRunnerArgumentsLoadJobHooksConfig(t *testing.T) {
-	want := []string{"daemon", "--config", "/etc/gitea-runner/config.yaml", "--once"}
-	if got := runnerArguments("/etc/gitea-runner/config.yaml"); !reflect.DeepEqual(got, want) {
-		t.Fatalf("runner arguments = %q, want %q", got, want)
-	}
-}
-
 func TestWaitForFacadeRetriesTransientGatewayFailure(t *testing.T) {
 	var requests atomic.Int32
 	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(writer http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"slices"
 	"strconv"

 	"gitea.dev/actionslib/pkg/model"
@@ -15,27 +16,34 @@ import (
 	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/gitea-dynamic-runner/internal/taskidentity"
 )

-const wireVersion = 2
+const wireVersion = 1
+
+type Backend string
+
+const (
+	BackendPod Backend = "pod"
+	BackendVM  Backend = "vm"
+)

 // Assignment is the only document persisted in the handoff queue.
 type Assignment struct {
-	ID        string
-	Placement Placement
-	Task      *runnerv1.Task
-	Identity  taskidentity.Identity
+	ID       string
+	Backend  Backend
+	Task     *runnerv1.Task
+	Identity taskidentity.Identity
 }

 // FromMetadata reconstructs the minimal assignment needed to authorize an
-// already-running executor after a controller restart. Placement metadata was
+// already-running executor after a controller restart. Backend metadata was
 // originally derived from the trusted Gitea task and is validated again here.
 func FromMetadata(labels, annotations map[string]string, trustDomain string) (Assignment, error) {
 	taskID, err := strconv.ParseInt(labels["ci.ddupan.top/task-id"], 10, 64)
 	if err != nil || taskID < 1 {
 		return Assignment{}, errors.New("backend metadata has invalid task ID")
 	}
-	placement := Placement{Class: WorkloadClass(labels["ci.ddupan.top/workload-class"]), Driver: Driver(labels["ci.ddupan.top/driver"])}
-	if err := placement.Validate(); err != nil {
-		return Assignment{}, err
+	backend := Backend(labels["ci.ddupan.top/backend"])
+	if backend != BackendPod && backend != BackendVM {
+		return Assignment{}, errors.New("backend metadata has invalid backend")
 	}
 	id := labels["ci.ddupan.top/assignment-id"]
 	if id != fmt.Sprintf("gitea-task-%d", taskID) {
@@ -48,15 +56,15 @@ func FromMetadata(labels, annotations map[string]string, trustDomain string) (As
 	if err != nil {
 		return Assignment{}, err
 	}
-	return Assignment{ID: id, Placement: placement, Task: &runnerv1.Task{Id: taskID}, Identity: identity}, nil
+	return Assignment{ID: id, Backend: backend, Task: &runnerv1.Task{Id: taskID}, Identity: identity}, nil
 }

 type envelope struct {
-	Version   int                   `json:"version"`
-	ID        string                `json:"id"`
-	Placement Placement             `json:"placement"`
-	Task      []byte                `json:"task"`
-	Identity  taskidentity.Identity `json:"identity"`
+	Version  int                   `json:"version"`
+	ID       string                `json:"id"`
+	Backend  Backend               `json:"backend"`
+	Task     []byte                `json:"task"`
+	Identity taskidentity.Identity `json:"identity"`
 }

 // New derives all trusted assignment fields from the task fetched from Gitea.
@@ -68,28 +76,40 @@ func New(task *runnerv1.Task, trustDomain string) (Assignment, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return Assignment{}, err
 	}
-	placement, err := placementFromTask(task)
+	backend, err := backendFromTask(task)
 	if err != nil {
 		return Assignment{}, err
 	}
 	return Assignment{
-		ID:        fmt.Sprintf("gitea-task-%d", task.GetId()),
-		Placement: placement,
-		Task:      task,
-		Identity:  identity,
+		ID:       fmt.Sprintf("gitea-task-%d", task.GetId()),
+		Backend:  backend,
+		Task:     task,
+		Identity: identity,
 	}, nil
 }

-func placementFromTask(task *runnerv1.Task) (Placement, error) {
+func backendFromTask(task *runnerv1.Task) (Backend, error) {
 	workflow, err := model.ReadWorkflow(bytes.NewReader(task.GetWorkflowPayload()))
 	if err != nil {
-		return Placement{}, fmt.Errorf("parse task workflow for placement: %w", err)
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("parse task workflow for backend: %w", err)
 	}
 	jobIDs := workflow.GetJobIDs()
 	if len(jobIDs) != 1 || workflow.GetJob(jobIDs[0]) == nil {
-		return Placement{}, fmt.Errorf("task workflow must contain exactly one non-empty job")
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("task workflow must contain exactly one non-empty job")
 	}
-	return PlacementFromLabels(workflow.GetJob(jobIDs[0]).RunsOnLabels())
+	labels := workflow.GetJob(jobIDs[0]).RunsOnLabels()
+	if !slices.Contains(labels, "self-hosted") {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("task runs-on labels must include self-hosted: %v", labels)
+	}
+	hasPod := slices.Contains(labels, string(BackendPod))
+	hasVM := slices.Contains(labels, string(BackendVM))
+	if hasPod == hasVM {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("task runs-on labels must select exactly one of pod or vm: %v", labels)
+	}
+	if hasPod {
+		return BackendPod, nil
+	}
+	return BackendVM, nil
 }

 // Marshal encodes a versioned assignment. Protobuf preserves the exact Gitea task.
@@ -97,16 +117,13 @@ func Marshal(assignment Assignment) ([]byte, error) {
 	if assignment.Task == nil {
 		return nil, errors.New("assignment task is required")
 	}
-	if err := assignment.Placement.Validate(); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
 	task, err := proto.Marshal(assignment.Task)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("marshal Gitea task: %w", err)
 	}
 	return json.Marshal(envelope{
 		Version: wireVersion,
-		ID:      assignment.ID, Placement: assignment.Placement,
+		ID:      assignment.ID, Backend: assignment.Backend,
 		Task: task, Identity: assignment.Identity,
 	})
 }
@@ -128,7 +145,7 @@ func Unmarshal(data []byte, trustDomain string) (Assignment, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return Assignment{}, err
 	}
-	if wire.ID != canonical.ID || wire.Placement != canonical.Placement || wire.Identity != canonical.Identity {
+	if wire.ID != canonical.ID || wire.Backend != canonical.Backend || wire.Identity != canonical.Identity {
 		return Assignment{}, errors.New("assignment metadata does not match its Gitea task")
 	}
 	return canonical, nil
@@ -21,37 +21,28 @@ func task(t *testing.T, labels string) *runnerv1.Task {
 	}
 }

-func TestNewSelectsPlacementFromRunsOn(t *testing.T) {
+func TestNewSelectsBackendFromRunsOn(t *testing.T) {
 	for _, test := range []struct {
-		labels    string
-		placement Placement
+		labels  string
+		backend Backend
 	}{
-		{"[self-hosted, pod]", KubernetesContainer},
-		{"[self-hosted, container]", KubernetesContainer},
-		{"[self-hosted, container, kubernetes]", KubernetesContainer},
-		{"[self-hosted, vm]", OpenSandboxVM},
-		{"[self-hosted, vm-dev]", OpenSandboxVM},
-		{"[self-hosted, vm, opensandbox]", OpenSandboxVM},
+		{"[self-hosted, pod]", BackendPod},
+		{"[self-hosted, vm]", BackendVM},
 	} {
 		assignment, err := New(task(t, test.labels), "ddupan.top")
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
-		if assignment.Placement != test.placement || assignment.ID != "gitea-task-42" {
+		if assignment.Backend != test.backend || assignment.ID != "gitea-task-42" {
 			t.Fatalf("assignment = %#v", assignment)
 		}
 	}
 }

-func TestNewRejectsInvalidPlacement(t *testing.T) {
+func TestNewRejectsAmbiguousBackend(t *testing.T) {
 	for _, labels := range []string{
 		"[self-hosted]",
 		"[self-hosted, pod, vm]",
-		"[self-hosted, pod, container]",
-		"[self-hosted, pod, kubernetes]",
-		"[self-hosted, container, opensandbox]",
-		"[self-hosted, vm, kubernetes]",
-		"[self-hosted, container, kubernetes, opensandbox]",
 		"[pod]",
 	} {
 		if _, err := New(task(t, labels), "ddupan.top"); err == nil {
@@ -73,28 +64,27 @@ func TestAssignmentWireRoundTripAndValidation(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	if got.ID != want.ID || got.Placement != want.Placement || got.Identity != want.Identity || !bytes.Equal(got.Task.WorkflowPayload, want.Task.WorkflowPayload) {
+	if got.ID != want.ID || got.Backend != want.Backend || got.Identity != want.Identity || !bytes.Equal(got.Task.WorkflowPayload, want.Task.WorkflowPayload) {
 		t.Fatalf("round trip = %#v, want %#v", got, want)
 	}

-	tampered := bytes.Replace(data, []byte(`"driver":"kubernetes"`), []byte(`"driver":"opensandbox"`), 1)
+	tampered := bytes.Replace(data, []byte(`"backend":"pod"`), []byte(`"backend":"vm"`), 1)
 	if _, err := Unmarshal(tampered, "ddupan.top"); err == nil {
-		t.Fatal("expected tampered placement to fail")
+		t.Fatal("expected tampered backend to fail")
 	}
 }

 func TestFromMetadataRecoversMinimalAssignment(t *testing.T) {
 	assignment, err := FromMetadata(map[string]string{
-		"ci.ddupan.top/assignment-id":  "gitea-task-42",
-		"ci.ddupan.top/task-id":        "42",
-		"ci.ddupan.top/workload-class": "vm",
-		"ci.ddupan.top/driver":         "opensandbox",
+		"ci.ddupan.top/assignment-id": "gitea-task-42",
+		"ci.ddupan.top/task-id":       "42",
+		"ci.ddupan.top/backend":       "vm",
 	}, map[string]string{
 		"ci.ddupan.top/repository": "owner/repo",
 		"ci.ddupan.top/job-key":    "publish",
 		"ci.ddupan.top/spiffe-id":  "spiffe://ddupan.top/ci/owner/repo/publish",
 	}, "ddupan.top")
-	if err != nil || assignment.Task.GetId() != 42 || assignment.Placement != OpenSandboxVM {
+	if err != nil || assignment.Task.GetId() != 42 || assignment.Backend != BackendVM {
 		t.Fatalf("assignment=%#v err=%v", assignment, err)
 	}
 }
@@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
-package taskassignment
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"slices"
-)
-
-type WorkloadClass string
-
-const (
-	WorkloadContainer WorkloadClass = "container"
-	WorkloadVM        WorkloadClass = "vm"
-)
-
-type Driver string
-
-const (
-	DriverKubernetes  Driver = "kubernetes"
-	DriverOpenSandbox Driver = "opensandbox"
-)
-
-type Placement struct {
-	Class  WorkloadClass `json:"workload_class"`
-	Driver Driver        `json:"driver"`
-}
-
-var (
-	KubernetesContainer = Placement{Class: WorkloadContainer, Driver: DriverKubernetes}
-	OpenSandboxVM       = Placement{Class: WorkloadVM, Driver: DriverOpenSandbox}
-)
-
-func (p Placement) Validate() error {
-	switch p {
-	case KubernetesContainer, OpenSandboxVM:
-		return nil
-	default:
-		return fmt.Errorf("unsupported workload placement %s/%s", p.Class, p.Driver)
-	}
-}
-
-func (p Placement) Key() string { return string(p.Class) + "." + string(p.Driver) }
-
-func PlacementFromLabels(labels []string) (Placement, error) {
-	if !slices.Contains(labels, "self-hosted") {
-		return Placement{}, fmt.Errorf("task runs-on labels must include self-hosted: %v", labels)
-	}
-	legacyPod := slices.Contains(labels, "pod")
-	container := slices.Contains(labels, string(WorkloadContainer))
-	vm := slices.Contains(labels, string(WorkloadVM)) || slices.Contains(labels, "vm-dev")
-	kubernetes := slices.Contains(labels, string(DriverKubernetes))
-	opensandbox := slices.Contains(labels, string(DriverOpenSandbox))
-
-	if legacyPod {
-		if container || vm || kubernetes || opensandbox {
-			return Placement{}, errors.New("legacy pod label cannot be combined with workload or VM driver labels")
-		}
-		return KubernetesContainer, nil
-	}
-	if container == vm {
-		return Placement{}, fmt.Errorf("task runs-on labels must select exactly one workload class: %v", labels)
-	}
-	if kubernetes && opensandbox {
-		return Placement{}, fmt.Errorf("task runs-on labels select multiple drivers: %v", labels)
-	}
-	if container {
-		if opensandbox {
-			return Placement{}, fmt.Errorf("opensandbox does not support container workloads")
-		}
-		return KubernetesContainer, nil
-	}
-	if kubernetes {
-		return Placement{}, fmt.Errorf("kubernetes does not support VM workloads")
-	}
-	return OpenSandboxVM, nil
-}
@@ -71,28 +71,6 @@ type Worker struct {
 	Backend   Backend
 	Tasks     TaskState
 	Bootstrap Bootstrap
-	OnEvent   func(Event)
-}
-
-// Event describes a backend lifecycle transition without exposing launch
-// environment values or other credentials.
-type Event struct {
-	Name         string
-	AssignmentID string
-	Executor     string
-	Phase        Phase
-}
-
-func (w Worker) event(name string, assignment taskassignment.Assignment, executor *Executor) {
-	if w.OnEvent == nil {
-		return
-	}
-	event := Event{Name: name, AssignmentID: assignment.ID}
-	if executor != nil {
-		event.Executor = executor.Name
-		event.Phase = executor.Phase
-	}
-	w.OnEvent(event)
 }

 // Accept completes the durable handoff from JetStream to the backend. Once it
@@ -110,7 +88,6 @@ func (w Worker) Accept(ctx context.Context, assignment taskassignment.Assignment
 		return false, err
 	}
 	if executor == nil {
-		w.event("executor_absent", assignment, nil)
 		launch, launchErr := w.launchSpec(assignment)
 		if launchErr != nil {
 			return false, launchErr
@@ -119,18 +96,13 @@ func (w Worker) Accept(ctx context.Context, assignment taskassignment.Assignment
 		if err != nil {
 			return false, err
 		}
-		w.event("executor_created", assignment, executor)
-	} else {
-		w.event("executor_found", assignment, executor)
 	}
 	if executor.IdentityTarget == "" {
-		w.event("identity_target_pending", assignment, executor)
 		return false, nil
 	}
 	if err := w.Backend.BindIdentity(ctx, executor, assignment.Identity); err != nil {
 		return false, err
 	}
-	w.event("identity_bound", assignment, executor)
 	return true, nil
 }

@@ -206,11 +178,10 @@ func (w Worker) launchSpec(assignment taskassignment.Assignment) (LaunchSpec, er
 func BackendMetadata(assignment taskassignment.Assignment) Metadata {
 	return Metadata{
 		Labels: map[string]string{
-			"ci.ddupan.top/runner":         "true",
-			"ci.ddupan.top/assignment-id":  assignment.ID,
-			"ci.ddupan.top/task-id":        strconv.FormatInt(assignment.Task.GetId(), 10),
-			"ci.ddupan.top/workload-class": string(assignment.Placement.Class),
-			"ci.ddupan.top/driver":         string(assignment.Placement.Driver),
+			"ci.ddupan.top/runner":        "true",
+			"ci.ddupan.top/assignment-id": assignment.ID,
+			"ci.ddupan.top/task-id":       strconv.FormatInt(assignment.Task.GetId(), 10),
+			"ci.ddupan.top/backend":       string(assignment.Backend),
 		},
 		Annotations: map[string]string{
 			"ci.ddupan.top/repository": assignment.Identity.Repository,
@@ -53,9 +53,9 @@ func (t *fakeTasks) Report(_ context.Context, _ int64, phase Phase) error {

 func assignment() taskassignment.Assignment {
 	return taskassignment.Assignment{
-		ID:        "gitea-task-42",
-		Placement: taskassignment.KubernetesContainer,
-		Task:      &runnerv1.Task{Id: 42},
+		ID:      "gitea-task-42",
+		Backend: taskassignment.BackendPod,
+		Task:    &runnerv1.Task{Id: 42},
 		Identity: taskidentity.Identity{
 			Repository: "owner/repo",
 			Task:       "publish",
@@ -79,8 +79,7 @@ func TestHandleRecoversExistingExecutorWithoutCreatingAnother(t *testing.T) {

 func TestAcceptAcknowledgesAfterBackendAndIdentityAreDurable(t *testing.T) {
 	backend := &fakeBackend{}
-	var events []Event
-	worker := Worker{Backend: backend, Bootstrap: fakeBootstrap{}, OnEvent: func(event Event) { events = append(events, event) }}
+	worker := Worker{Backend: backend, Bootstrap: fakeBootstrap{}}

 	accepted, err := worker.Accept(context.Background(), assignment())
 	if err != nil || !accepted {
@@ -89,18 +88,6 @@ func TestAcceptAcknowledgesAfterBackendAndIdentityAreDurable(t *testing.T) {
 	if backend.created != 1 || backend.bound != 1 || backend.deleted != 0 {
 		t.Fatalf("created=%d bound=%d deleted=%d", backend.created, backend.bound, backend.deleted)
 	}
-	want := []string{"executor_absent", "executor_created", "identity_bound"}
-	if len(events) != len(want) {
-		t.Fatalf("events = %#v", events)
-	}
-	for index := range want {
-		if events[index].Name != want[index] || events[index].AssignmentID != "gitea-task-42" {
-			t.Fatalf("event[%d] = %#v", index, events[index])
-		}
-	}
-	if events[1].Executor != "executor" || events[1].Phase != PhaseRunning {
-		t.Fatalf("created event = %#v", events[1])
-	}
 }

 func TestAcceptRetriesWhileBackendIdentityTargetIsUnavailable(t *testing.T) {
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ while [ "$(date +%s)" -lt "$deadline" ]; do
        -audience ci-job-ready \
        -socketPath "$socket" \
        >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-        /usr/local/libexec/setup-job-docker
        exit 0
    fi
    sleep 1
@@ -1,68 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-set -euo pipefail
-set +x
-
-: "${GITHUB_SHA:?GITHUB_SHA is required}"
-: "${IMAGE_NAME:?IMAGE_NAME is required}"
-: "${IMAGE_REPOSITORY:?IMAGE_REPOSITORY is required}"
-: "${IMAGE_DOCKERFILE:?IMAGE_DOCKERFILE is required}"
-: "${PUSH_REGISTRY:?PUSH_REGISTRY is required}"
-: "${PULL_REGISTRY:?PULL_REGISTRY is required}"
-: "${SPIRE_AGENT_SOCKET:?SPIRE_AGENT_SOCKET is required}"
-
-# Bootstrap the image that first introduces automatic Docker setup. Once that
-# runner is deployed, the job-started hook makes this an idempotent no-op.
-sudo scripts/setup-job-docker
-
-image_tag="sha-${GITHUB_SHA}"
-metadata="${IMAGE_NAME}-metadata.json"
-docker_config=$(mktemp -d)
-jwt_file=$(mktemp)
-cleanup() {
-  docker buildx rm ci-builder >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
-  rm -rf -- "$docker_config" "$jwt_file"
-}
-trap cleanup EXIT
-export DOCKER_CONFIG="$docker_config"
-
-/opt/spire/bin/spire-agent api fetch jwt \
-  -audience zot \
-  -socketPath "$SPIRE_AGENT_SOCKET" \
-  -output json >"$jwt_file"
-# shellcheck disable=SC2016
-jq -er '.[0].svids[0].svid' "$jwt_file" | \
-  docker login "$PUSH_REGISTRY" --username zot --password-stdin
-
-docker buildx create \
-  --name ci-builder \
-  --driver docker-container \
-  --use
-
-docker buildx build \
-  --builder ci-builder \
-  --platform linux/amd64 \
-  --file "$IMAGE_DOCKERFILE" \
-  --tag "${PUSH_REGISTRY}/${IMAGE_REPOSITORY}:${image_tag}" \
-  --tag "${PUSH_REGISTRY}/${IMAGE_REPOSITORY}:main" \
-  --provenance=mode=max \
-  --sbom=true \
-  --metadata-file "$metadata" \
-  --push \
-  .
-
-image_digest=$(
-  # shellcheck disable=SC2016
-  jq -er '."containerimage.digest"' "$metadata"
-)
-image_ref="${PULL_REGISTRY}/${IMAGE_REPOSITORY}@${image_digest}"
-
-printf '%s=%s\n' "$IMAGE_NAME" "$image_ref"
-if [[ -n "${GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY:-}" ]]; then
-  {
-    printf '## Published image\n\n'
-    # shellcheck disable=SC2016
-    printf -- '- %s: `%s`\n' "$IMAGE_NAME" "$image_ref"
-    # shellcheck disable=SC2016
-    printf -- '- Source: `%s`\n' "$GITHUB_SHA"
-  } >>"$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
-fi
@@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-set -euo pipefail
-
-if docker info >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-  printf '%s\n' 'job Docker daemon is already ready'
-  exit 0
-fi
-
-storage_size=${DOCKER_DATA_SIZE:-20G}
-storage_driver=${DOCKER_STORAGE_DRIVER:-overlay2}
-wait_seconds=${DOCKER_START_WAIT_SECONDS:-60}
-
-sudo install -d /var/lib/docker
-if ! mountpoint --quiet /var/lib/docker; then
-  printf '%s\n' "preparing ${storage_size} loop-backed Docker storage"
-  if [[ ! -e /dev/loop-control ]]; then
-    sudo mknod /dev/loop-control c 10 237
-  fi
-  for minor in {0..7}; do
-    if [[ ! -e "/dev/loop${minor}" ]]; then
-      sudo mknod "/dev/loop${minor}" b 7 "$minor"
-    fi
-  done
-  sudo truncate -s "$storage_size" /tmp/docker-data.img
-  sudo mkfs.ext4 -F /tmp/docker-data.img
-  loop_device=$(sudo losetup --find --show /tmp/docker-data.img)
-  sudo mount "$loop_device" /var/lib/docker
-else
-  printf '%s\n' 'using mounted Docker storage at /var/lib/docker'
-fi
-
-if [[ -f /sys/fs/cgroup/cgroup.controllers ]]; then
-  sudo sh -c '
-    mkdir -p /sys/fs/cgroup/init
-    while read -r pid; do
-      printf "%s\n" "$pid" \
-        >/sys/fs/cgroup/init/cgroup.procs 2>/dev/null || true
-    done </sys/fs/cgroup/cgroup.procs
-    sed -e "s/ / +/g" -e "s/^/+/" \
-      /sys/fs/cgroup/cgroup.controllers \
-      >/sys/fs/cgroup/cgroup.subtree_control
-  '
-fi
-
-sudo sh -c 'nohup dockerd "$@" </dev/null >/tmp/dockerd.log 2>&1 &' sh \
-  --host=unix:///var/run/docker.sock \
-  --storage-driver="$storage_driver"
-printf '%s\n' 'waiting for job Docker daemon'
-for ((attempt = 0; attempt < wait_seconds; attempt++)); do
-  if docker info >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-    findmnt /var/lib/docker
-    docker info --format \
-      '{{json .ServerVersion}} {{json .Driver}} {{json .CgroupVersion}}'
-    exit 0
-  fi
-  sleep 1
-done
-
-cat /tmp/dockerd.log
-exit 1