refactor: 集中显式注入并归位凭据领域规则

api/database/v1alpha1/common_types.go

@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ const (
 	ReclaimDelete ReclaimPolicy = "Delete"
 )
 
-// CredentialReference 定位已有 OpenBao KV v2 凭据，不包含任何秘密值。
+// CredentialReference 定位 OpenBao KV v2 凭据，不包含任何秘密值。
-// 只由资源管理员在导入时填写；controller 必须检查部署允许的 mount/path 范围。
+// 管理员在导入声明中指定，controller 在 status 中固定位置；两者均须检查部署允许的范围。
 type CredentialReference struct {
 	// +kubebuilder:validation:MinLength=1
 	// +kubebuilder:validation:MaxLength=253

api/database/v1alpha1/credential_status_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+package v1alpha1_test
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	databasev1alpha1 "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/api/database/v1alpha1"
+	apierrors "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/errors"
+	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
+	ctrlclient "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/client"
+)
+
+func testCredentialStatus(t *testing.T, client ctrlclient.Client) {
+	database := validDatabase("credential-status")
+	if err := client.Create(t.Context(), database); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	withoutLocation := database.DeepCopy()
+	withoutLocation.Status.CredentialVersion = 1
+	if err := client.Status().Update(t.Context(), withoutLocation); !apierrors.IsInvalid(err) {
+		t.Fatalf("没有位置不能确认版本: %v", err)
+	}
+	database.Status.CredentialRef = &databasev1alpha1.CredentialReference{
+		Mount: "application-secrets", Path: "applications/" + string(database.UID),
+	}
+	if err := client.Status().Update(t.Context(), database); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	testCredentialStatusRemoval(t, client, database)
+	changedTarget := database.DeepCopy()
+	changedTarget.Spec.Database = "another_database"
+	if err := client.Update(t.Context(), changedTarget); !apierrors.IsInvalid(err) {
+		t.Fatalf("凭据位置固定后不得更换实际目标: %v", err)
+	}
+	stale := database.DeepCopy()
+	database.Status.CredentialVersion = 1
+	if err := client.Status().Update(t.Context(), database); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	stale.Status.Phase = "Binding"
+	if err := client.Status().Update(t.Context(), stale); !apierrors.IsConflict(err) {
+		t.Fatalf("旧 resourceVersion 不得覆盖确认结果: %v", err)
+	}
+	testCredentialStatusRemoval(t, client, database)
+	for _, version := range []int64{0, -1, 2} {
+		changed := database.DeepCopy()
+		changed.Status.CredentialVersion = version
+		if err := client.Status().Update(t.Context(), changed); !apierrors.IsInvalid(err) {
+			t.Fatalf("不可移除或更改确认版本 %d: %v", version, err)
+		}
+	}
+	database.Status.Conditions = []metav1.Condition{{
+		Type: "CredentialsReady", Status: metav1.ConditionFalse,
+		Reason: "DependencyUnavailable", Message: "凭据暂时无法读取",
+		ObservedGeneration: database.Generation, LastTransitionTime: metav1.Now(),
+	}}
+	if err := client.Status().Update(t.Context(), database); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("当前不可用不应阻止保留确认记录: %v", err)
+	}
+	reloaded := &databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabase{}
+	if err := client.Get(t.Context(), ctrlclient.ObjectKeyFromObject(database), reloaded); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if reloaded.Status.CredentialVersion != 1 || reloaded.Status.CredentialRef == nil {
+		t.Fatal("重读丢失凭据确认记录")
+	}
+}
+
+func testCredentialStatusRemoval(t *testing.T, client ctrlclient.Client, database *databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabase) {
+	t.Helper()
+	for _, change := range []struct {
+		name string
+		edit func(*databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabase)
+	}{
+		{"移除整个 status", func(d *databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabase) { d.Status = databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabaseStatus{} }},
+		{"移除位置", func(d *databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabase) { d.Status.CredentialRef = nil }},
+		{"修改 mount", func(d *databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabase) { d.Status.CredentialRef.Mount = "other" }},
+		{"修改 path", func(d *databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabase) { d.Status.CredentialRef.Path = "applications/other" }},
+	} {
+		t.Run(change.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			changed := database.DeepCopy()
+			change.edit(changed)
+			if err := client.Status().Update(t.Context(), changed); !apierrors.IsInvalid(err) {
+				t.Fatalf("不应接受已固定凭据位置的更改: %v", err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

api/database/v1alpha1/postgresqldatabase_types.go

@@ -30,6 +30,14 @@ type PostgreSQLDatabaseStatus struct {
 	// InstanceUID 记录观察时的实例身份，不把同名新实例视为原目标。
 	// +optional
 	InstanceUID types.UID `json:"instanceUID,omitempty"`
+	// CredentialRef 在首次外部写入前固定凭据位置；部署配置变化不迁移此位置。
+	// +optional
+	CredentialRef *CredentialReference `json:"credentialRef,omitempty"`
+	// CredentialVersion 只在创建并回读成功后记录，不表示凭据当前仍可用。
+	// 省略表示尚未确认；已有凭据不能仅凭读取成功补记确认。
+	// +kubebuilder:validation:Minimum=1
+	// +optional
+	CredentialVersion int64 `json:"credentialVersion,omitempty"`
 	// Phase 暂不冻结供应子阶段枚举；它不是操作授权或绑定的替代记录。
 	// +optional
 	Phase string `json:"phase,omitempty"`
@@ -42,7 +50,10 @@ type PostgreSQLDatabaseStatus struct {
 // +kubebuilder:object:root=true
 // +kubebuilder:subresource:status
 // +kubebuilder:resource:scope=Cluster
-// +kubebuilder:validation:XValidation:rule="!(has(oldSelf.spec.tenantRef) || (has(oldSelf.status) && has(oldSelf.status.instanceUID))) || (self.spec.instanceRef == oldSelf.spec.instanceRef && self.spec.database == oldSelf.spec.database && self.spec.loginRole == oldSelf.spec.loginRole && self.spec.source == oldSelf.spec.source && has(self.spec.credentialRef) == has(oldSelf.spec.credentialRef) && (!has(oldSelf.spec.credentialRef) || self.spec.credentialRef == oldSelf.spec.credentialRef))",message="managed database target cannot change after observation or binding starts"
+// +kubebuilder:validation:XValidation:rule="!has(self.status) || !has(self.status.credentialVersion) || has(self.status.credentialRef)",message="credentialVersion requires credentialRef"
+// +kubebuilder:validation:XValidation:rule="!(has(oldSelf.status) && has(oldSelf.status.credentialRef)) || (has(self.status) && has(self.status.credentialRef) && self.status.credentialRef == oldSelf.status.credentialRef)",message="recorded credentialRef cannot change or be removed"
+// +kubebuilder:validation:XValidation:rule="!(has(oldSelf.status) && has(oldSelf.status.credentialVersion)) || (has(self.status) && has(self.status.credentialVersion) && self.status.credentialVersion == oldSelf.status.credentialVersion)",message="confirmed credentialVersion cannot change or be removed"
+// +kubebuilder:validation:XValidation:rule="!(has(oldSelf.spec.tenantRef) || (has(oldSelf.status) && (has(oldSelf.status.instanceUID) || has(oldSelf.status.credentialRef)))) || (self.spec.instanceRef == oldSelf.spec.instanceRef && self.spec.database == oldSelf.spec.database && self.spec.loginRole == oldSelf.spec.loginRole && self.spec.source == oldSelf.spec.source && has(self.spec.credentialRef) == has(oldSelf.spec.credentialRef) && (!has(oldSelf.spec.credentialRef) || self.spec.credentialRef == oldSelf.spec.credentialRef))",message="managed database target cannot change after observation or binding starts"
 // +kubebuilder:printcolumn:name="Instance",type=string,JSONPath=`.spec.instanceRef.name`
 // +kubebuilder:printcolumn:name="Database",type=string,JSONPath=`.spec.database`
 // +kubebuilder:printcolumn:name="Ready",type=string,JSONPath=`.status.conditions[?(@.type=='Ready')].status`

api/database/v1alpha1/validation_test.go

@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ func TestDatabaseAPI(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("作用域和默认值", func(t *testing.T) { testDefaults(t, client) })
 	t.Run("拒绝非法声明", func(t *testing.T) { testInvalidDeclarations(t, client) })
 	t.Run("status隔离和绑定并发", func(t *testing.T) { testBindingWrites(t, client) })
+	t.Run("凭据位置与确认版本", func(t *testing.T) { testCredentialStatus(t, client) })
 	t.Run("仓库示例", func(t *testing.T) { testSamples(t, client, scheme) })
 }
 

api/database/v1alpha1/zz_generated.deepcopy.go

@@ -188,6 +188,11 @@ func (in *PostgreSQLDatabaseSpec) DeepCopy() *PostgreSQLDatabaseSpec {
 // DeepCopyInto is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, writing into out. in must be non-nil.
 func (in *PostgreSQLDatabaseStatus) DeepCopyInto(out *PostgreSQLDatabaseStatus) {
 	*out = *in
+	if in.CredentialRef != nil {
+		in, out := &in.CredentialRef, &out.CredentialRef
+		*out = new(CredentialReference)
+		**out = **in
+	}
 	if in.Conditions != nil {
 		in, out := &in.Conditions, &out.Conditions
 		*out = make([]v1.Condition, len(*in))

config/crd/bases/database.ayatori.ddupan.top_postgresqldatabases.yaml

@@ -50,8 +50,8 @@ spec:
             properties:
               credentialRef:
                 description: |-
-                  CredentialReference 定位已有 OpenBao KV v2 凭据，不包含任何秘密值。
+                  CredentialReference 定位 OpenBao KV v2 凭据，不包含任何秘密值。
-                  只由资源管理员在导入时填写；controller 必须检查部署允许的 mount/path 范围。
+                  管理员在导入声明中指定，controller 在 status 中固定位置；两者均须检查部署允许的范围。
                 properties:
                   mount:
                     maxLength: 253
@@ -198,6 +198,29 @@ spec:
                 x-kubernetes-list-map-keys:
                 - type
                 x-kubernetes-list-type: map
+              credentialRef:
+                description: CredentialRef 在首次外部写入前固定凭据位置；部署配置变化不迁移此位置。
+                properties:
+                  mount:
+                    maxLength: 253
+                    minLength: 1
+                    type: string
+                  path:
+                    description: Path 是 mount 内的逻辑路径，不含 KV v2 的 data/ API 前缀。
+                    maxLength: 1024
+                    minLength: 1
+                    type: string
+                required:
+                - mount
+                - path
+                type: object
+              credentialVersion:
+                description: |-
+                  CredentialVersion 只在创建并回读成功后记录，不表示凭据当前仍可用。
+                  省略表示尚未确认；已有凭据不能仅凭读取成功补记确认。
+                format: int64
+                minimum: 1
+                type: integer
               instanceUID:
                 description: InstanceUID 记录观察时的实例身份，不把同名新实例视为原目标。
                 type: string
@@ -212,13 +235,22 @@ spec:
         - spec
         type: object
         x-kubernetes-validations:
+        - message: credentialVersion requires credentialRef
+          rule: '!has(self.status) || !has(self.status.credentialVersion) || has(self.status.credentialRef)'
+        - message: recorded credentialRef cannot change or be removed
+          rule: '!(has(oldSelf.status) && has(oldSelf.status.credentialRef)) || (has(self.status)
+            && has(self.status.credentialRef) && self.status.credentialRef == oldSelf.status.credentialRef)'
+        - message: confirmed credentialVersion cannot change or be removed
+          rule: '!(has(oldSelf.status) && has(oldSelf.status.credentialVersion)) ||
+            (has(self.status) && has(self.status.credentialVersion) && self.status.credentialVersion
+            == oldSelf.status.credentialVersion)'
         - message: managed database target cannot change after observation or binding
             starts
-          rule: '!(has(oldSelf.spec.tenantRef) || (has(oldSelf.status) && has(oldSelf.status.instanceUID)))
+          rule: '!(has(oldSelf.spec.tenantRef) || (has(oldSelf.status) && (has(oldSelf.status.instanceUID)
-            || (self.spec.instanceRef == oldSelf.spec.instanceRef && self.spec.database
+            || has(oldSelf.status.credentialRef)))) || (self.spec.instanceRef == oldSelf.spec.instanceRef
-            == oldSelf.spec.database && self.spec.loginRole == oldSelf.spec.loginRole
+            && self.spec.database == oldSelf.spec.database && self.spec.loginRole
-            && self.spec.source == oldSelf.spec.source && has(self.spec.credentialRef)
+            == oldSelf.spec.loginRole && self.spec.source == oldSelf.spec.source &&
-            == has(oldSelf.spec.credentialRef) && (!has(oldSelf.spec.credentialRef)
+            has(self.spec.credentialRef) == has(oldSelf.spec.credentialRef) && (!has(oldSelf.spec.credentialRef)
             || self.spec.credentialRef == oldSelf.spec.credentialRef))'
     served: true
     storage: true

docs/architecture/overview.md

@@ -56,6 +56,17 @@ Makefile 与 Dockerfile 均继续构建 `cmd/main.go`。
 条件分支，也不为此引入插件注册框架。组件启动失败时释放已装配资源，正常退出则先停止
 manager worker，再释放连接。
 
+Database 使用 Wire 式的显式构造函数注入，目前手写装配，不引入 Wire 生成器、Dig/Fx
+容器或运行时服务查找。`database_wiring.go` 集中展示 repository → 用例 → controller 的
+对象构造；`registerDatabaseControllers` 负责注册，返回的 `closeDatabaseConnections`
+只在 worker 停止后关闭 Instance 连接。controller 在启动时接收完整依赖，不在 Reconcile
+或 SetupWithManager 中补建 adapter/service；缺失依赖在注册时失败。
+
+domain 持有凭据值对象、准备资格与创建恢复规则；application 只组织读写、调用领域判断
+和保存结果。用例需要的 repository 接口与并发快照仍由消费方定义，不把所有类型都强塞
+进领域。Kubernetes adapter 将领域阶段映射为已有 Conditions，领域不依赖其字符串协议。
+单测检查 domain/controller 的依赖边界，并验证共享 writer、直连 reader 和服务的注入。
+
 基础设施能力属于整个 controller-manager，不因首个消费者是 Database 就归入该领域。
 `internal/infra/openbao` 管理官方 SDK client 的 TLS 配置、Kubernetes 认证及 token 生命周期，
 不依赖 Database 或其他产品领域。Bao client 默认禁用自动重试，写入结果不确定时由用例处理；

docs/database/README.md

@@ -43,8 +43,8 @@ registry 准备决策；这一依赖现已从代码移除，不能把旧运行
 - 领域层不依赖 Kubernetes types、数据库 driver 或凭据 provider。
 - CredentialReference 只携带管理 Secret 的名称与字段映射，不包含 Secret 内容或 OpenBao path。
 - Instance checkpoint 不是外部事实；实际能力必须由 application/adapter 观察后交给领域对象判断。
-- 当前代码只检查 Instance 供应前置条件，不授予 Tenant 所有权或外部写入权限，也不表示
+- Instance 观察只检查供应前置条件，不单独授予 Tenant 所有权或外部写入权限；凭据准备
-  Database API 已经可用。
+  另行校验双向绑定和保护，尚不表示完整 Database API 已经可用。
 
 ## 管理凭据与连接切片
 
@@ -168,9 +168,46 @@ Instance 删除首先释放本地连接并撤销 Ready。任何引用它的 Data
 真实后端覆盖创建/回读、并发唯一创建、重建适配器读取、软删除冲突、固定前缀 token
 拒绝管理路径，以及成功写入后丢失响应；HTTP 故障测试补充不重试和错误脱敏。
 
-认证会话已按下面的显式参数接入 manager；凭据存储尚未接入供应用例。
+认证会话和凭据准备用例已接入 manager，但默认不启用外部写入。
-Database 状态中的稳定位置和已确认步骤、供应 service/controller、PostgreSQL 创建以及 ESO 交付仍未完成。
+Database 已有 `status.credentialRef` 和 `status.credentialVersion` 的字段与 CEL 校验：
-测试 token 只用于临时 fixture，不是生产静态 token 配置接口。现有绑定不会触发外部写入。
+固定位置、只在创建并回读成功后确认版本，二者写入后不可清空或修改。
+`ReadConfirmed` 按已确认版本检查最新 KV 值，删除或版本漂移报 Conflict，不读取旧版本掩盖变化。
+测试 token 只用于临时 fixture，不是生产静态 token 配置接口。
+
+### 凭据准备闭环
+
+配置认证后，显式设置 `--database-credential-mount` 启用准备；路径默认
+`applications/<Database UID>`，前缀由 `--database-credential-prefix` 配置。
+`CredentialPreparation` 用例检查 Provision 来源、双向绑定 UID、申请目标、finalizer、
+删除/Released 状态及当前 Instance Ready；导入资源不执行本流程。
+顺序为固定位置 → 确认后端尚无凭据 → 保存 CreationStarted → 创建并回读 → 保存确认版本。
+`CredentialReconciler` 只负责 Database/Tenant/Instance watch 和 30 秒依赖重查；
+Kubernetes repository 负责直接读取及有 resourceVersion 保护的状态更新。
+三类 controller 的依赖均在 bootstrap 显式组装，不在 Reconcile 中构造服务。
+`domain/credential` 保存应用凭据值对象、准备资格、固定位置与未确认创建的恢复规则；
+application 保留 I/O 顺序、消费方接口及并发快照，不再复用绑定用例的快照类型。
+领域阶段与 `CredentialsReady`/Reason 的转换由 Kubernetes adapter 负责，已有 API 保持兼容。
+
+外部操作前后回查目标：Database 必须仍是同一 UID/resourceVersion，Tenant/Instance 必须
+保持绑定、spec generation、删除状态、finalizer 保护与有效 Ready；无关 Conditions 刷新
+不构成目标变化。不存在跨 Kubernetes/OpenBao 原子事务：中途发生相关变化时停止确认，
+留下可观察状态，交给后续协调或人工核实，不盲目重试过期的确认写入。
+
+`CredentialsReady=False/CreationStarted` 是正在进行而未确认的诊断，不是成功证明。
+任何新一轮协调遇到该状态且没有确认版本，都转为 Conflict；即使进程在发出请求前退出
+也采用这一保守边界。明确的认证/权限拒绝可等待恢复；响应丢失、回读失败、确认保存失败
+及未确认的已有值均不会自动认领或重新生成密码。Conflict 保留首次原因，普通依赖错误
+保留已确认版本；配置变化停止在原位置，不搬迁或覆盖。并行实例中途撞上已开始的创建
+同样可能保守地要求人工处理，不承诺无损接续；多副本部署应启用既有 leader election。
+
+成功只设置 `CredentialsReady=True`，Database Ready 仍为 False/ProvisioningIncomplete，
+Tenant 仍未完成交付。本切片没有 PostgreSQL role/database 创建、扩展安装、ESO 投射、
+Retain 释放或 Delete 清理，也不会解除 finalizer。不要作为完整 DBaaS 部署。
+
+单元测试穷举前置条件；真实 API server + 隔离 Bao 验证创建、状态确认、幂等、重启、并发、
+依赖恢复、固定位置、不确定结果、确认保存失败和删除边界；实际 manager 验证 watch 驱动
+及重启。该 fixture 只声明 Instance 前置 Ready，真实 PostgreSQL 管理能力由既有 Instance
+集成测试覆盖，不把凭据准备验收当成实际建库或应用登录验收。
 
 ## OpenBao Kubernetes 认证会话
 

docs/database/api-reference.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 | --- | --- |
 | 状态 | API schema 与绑定 controller 已实现；供应、交付与删除清理未接入 |
 | API group/version | `database.ayatori.ddupan.top/v1alpha1` |
-| 最后更新 | 2026-09-25 |
+| 最后更新 | 2026-09-27 |
 
 以 [系统规格](specification.md) 与
 [ADR-0009](../decisions/0009-database-resource-and-claim.md) 为准。类型与生成的 CRD 已纳入源码，
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ Go 类型位于 `api/database/v1alpha1`，CRD 随 `config/crd` 发布；manager
 | Database | `spec.reclaimPolicy` | Retain 默认或 Delete |
 | Database | `spec.tenantRef.namespace/name/uid` | controller 写入的完整绑定身份，不是允许名单 |
 | Database | `status.instanceUID` | 观察时的 Instance 身份 |
+| Database | `status.credentialRef.mount/path` | 首次写入前固定的 KV v2 位置，不随部署配置迁移 |
+| Database | `status.credentialVersion` | 创建并回读成功后确认的正整数版本；省略表示未确认 |
 | Tenant | `spec.provision.instanceRef.name` | 动态申请来源，与 `spec.databaseRef` 互斥且必须二选一 |
 | Tenant | `spec.provision.database/loginRole` | 可省略，语义默认值由 controller 解析，不由 CRD 推导 |
 | Tenant | `spec.databaseRef.name` | 显式申请已有 Database，不额外指定 Instance |
@@ -36,6 +38,15 @@ Instance phase 沿用已批准枚举；Database/Tenant phase 暂不冻结供应
 `credentialRef.path` 是 mount 内逻辑路径，不包含 KV v2 的 `data/` 前缀。
 其部署允许范围、实际凭据读取和 URL 安全构造仍由后续 adapter/controller 验证。
 
+凭据位置与确认版本一旦写入便不可更改或移除；确认版本必须有对应位置。Conditions 描述
+当前可用性，不替代确认记录，也不能因读取暂时失败而清空记录。上述 schema 已有真实 API
+server 校验；独立的凭据准备用例在显式启用后填写这些字段，绑定 controller 不负责外部写入。
+未确认的已有值必须报 Conflict，不能用读取成功补记版本；已确认版本的恢复读取检查最新
+KV 版本，删除或版本漂移均需人工处理，不回退旧版本或生成替代密码。第一版不提供轮换入口。
+`CredentialsReady` 条件只描述凭据准备结果；它不授权实际数据库交付。
+`CreationStarted` 且无确认版本表示创建未完成确认，重入时停在 Conflict；不尝试推断
+进程中断前请求是否发出。完整执行和测试边界见[凭据准备闭环](README.md#凭据准备闭环)。
+
 示例：[Instance](../../config/samples/database_v1alpha1_postgresqlinstance.yaml)、
 [导入 Database](../../config/samples/database_v1alpha1_postgresqldatabase.yaml)、
 [动态/已有资源申请](../../config/samples/database_v1alpha1_postgresqltenant.yaml)。
@@ -47,7 +58,7 @@ API 接受两个 Tenant 引用同一 Database 不表示允许双重绑定；排
 已有资源必须有当前版本 Ready 观察、匹配的 Instance UID，并处于未绑定的 Available 状态。
 同一 Tenant 的资源侧记录已写入时，允许回读后补齐申请侧，不重新争抢资源。
 
-Tenant 进入 `status.phase=Binding` 后由 CEL 固定申请目标；Database 有实例身份观察或
+Tenant 进入 `status.phase=Binding` 后由 CEL 固定申请目标；Database 有实例身份观察、凭据位置或
 绑定后固定实际 database、loginRole、来源和凭据引用，回收策略仍可修改。
 读取绑定判断使用 APIReader，写入依靠 resourceVersion；watch/cache 负责触发协调。
 绑定顺序由 application service 协调，纯资格规则在领域层；Kubernetes adapter 负责快照

docs/database/deployment.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # 部署与配置
 
-> 本页区分已实现的 Instance 观测配置与尚未接入的供应/交付目标合同。
+> 本页区分已实现的 Instance 观测、认证和凭据准备配置，与尚未接入的 PostgreSQL 供应/交付合同。
 > 完整 Database 服务仍不可部署使用；当前可执行入口见 [模块说明](README.md)。
 
 | 项目 | 内容 |
@@ -45,11 +45,11 @@ Instance 观测）与 `--database-root-cert`（公开 PostgreSQL CA PEM 路径
 | `--openbao-auth-mount` | 已实现，`kubernetes` | Kubernetes auth mount 名称 |
 | `--openbao-auth-role` | 已实现，启用时必填 | OpenBao 登录 role |
 | `--openbao-ca-cert` | 已实现，默认系统信任根 | OpenBao 公开 CA PEM 路径 |
-| `--openbao-kv-mount` | `kv` | KV v2 mount；开发可显式用 `secret` |
+| `--database-credential-mount` | 已实现，默认空 | 显式设置后启用应用凭据准备，要求已配置 OpenBao 认证 |
 | `--openbao-service-account-namespace` | 已实现，启用时必填 | TokenRequest 目标 SA 的固定 namespace |
 | `--openbao-service-account-name` | 已实现，启用时必填 | TokenRequest 目标 SA 名称 |
 | `--openbao-token-audience` | 已实现，`openbao` | SA JWT audience，必须匹配 OpenBao role |
-| `--openbao-tenant-base-path` | 默认 `postgresql-tenants` | controller 专属 mount-relative 前缀 |
+| `--database-credential-prefix` | 已实现，默认 `applications` | Database UID 路径的 mount-relative 前缀；不迁移已有位置 |
 | `--external-secret-store-name` | 必填 | controller 创建的 ExternalSecret 固定引用 |
 | `--database-root-cert` | 已实现 | 只读 PEM trust bundle，不含私钥；沿用 Instance 连接配置 |
 | `--reconcile-timeout` | `30s` | 单轮 reconcile 中外部操作的总期限，必须大于零 |
@@ -122,8 +122,20 @@ base path 必须是合法 mount-relative path，不以 `/` 开头且不包含空
 
 ## OpenBao 与 ESO
 
-controller policy 仅允许在固定 tenant base path 下 create/read/update/delete KV v2
+当前凭据准备只需固定前缀下 KV v2 data 的 create/read/update 权限，不需要 metadata 或
-data 和 metadata，Delete 必须能永久删除全部版本及 metadata；不读取管理凭据路径。
+delete 权限，也不读取管理凭据路径。示例（`secret` 为测试 mount，需替换为实际配置）：
+
+```hcl
+path "secret/data/applications/*" {
+  capabilities = ["create", "read", "update"]
+}
+```
+
+在上面的认证启动参数基础上增加 `--database-credential-mount=secret` 即启用凭据准备；
+需要不同前缀时同时配置 `--database-credential-prefix` 和对应 policy。仅设置
+`--openbao-address` 不会启用凭据创建。缺少认证配置或非法 mount/prefix 在启动时失败。
+新字段 CRD 必须先升级再启用 controller，否则 API pruning 会使确认记录无法保存。
+未来 Delete 清理才需要永久删除全部版本及 metadata 的权限，本切片不提前授予。
 
 管理凭据由管理员维护的 ExternalSecret 同步到 controller namespace；其 ESO 身份
 只读对应管理路径，不能供 Tenant 使用。租户 ESO 身份只读 tenant base path，不得

docs/database/operations.md

@@ -5,13 +5,22 @@
 
 ## 当前绑定切片的限制
 
-源码已接入绑定 controller，未接入 PostgreSQL 供应、OpenBao/ESO 交付或删除清理。
+源码已接入绑定、Instance 观测与可选的 Bao 凭据准备，未接入 PostgreSQL 供应、ESO 交付或删除清理。
 Bound/BindingComplete 只表示 Kubernetes 双向记录一致，Ready 仍为 False。
 Tenant 删除会保留 `database.ayatori.ddupan.top/tenant-protection` 并报告 DeletionPending；
 Database 的 `database.ayatori.ddupan.top/database-protection` 也尚无清理后移除路径。
 这是未完成能力的明确边界，不是已经实现的 Retain/Delete 恢复逻辑。不要将此切片部署为
 业务 DBaaS，也不要为了消除等待状态直接移除 finalizer；后续必须补齐清理与验收。
 
+凭据准备现在可单独启用，见[部署参数](deployment.md)。观察 Database 的
+`CredentialsReady`、固定 `status.credentialRef` 和 `status.credentialVersion`，不要导出
+凭据内容。Prepared 只代表 Bao 凭据可用，不代表已建库或 Tenant Ready。
+`CreationStarted` 在创建结果确认前持久化；重启或失败留下该状态时报告 Conflict。
+这包括“状态已写但请求还没发出”的保守停止；不要因为当前位置暂时为空就重试生成密码。
+无确认版本的 Conflict 不会自行消失，后端恢复也不自动重入；应暂停该 controller、等待
+在途请求结束后核实版本历史、残留与绑定，再决定清理或显式导入。不要清空整个 status
+或更改固定引用来绕过保护。导入和完整人工恢复入口仍待对应切片实现。
+
 ## 日常检查
 
 Instance 观察已实现：先确认 manager 配置了 `--database-secret-namespace` 或 `POD_NAMESPACE`，

docs/database/specification.md

@@ -192,6 +192,12 @@ mount/base path 属部署配置，Tenant 不得自选任意路径；原按 Tenan
 位置，不要求搬迁已有凭据。Released 不自动改密，管理员处理旧访问后才重新开放资源。
 不得因换 Tenant、改部署参数或重新绑定就隐式搬迁凭据或改密。
 
+2026-09-27 确认最小凭据记录：Database `status.credentialRef` 在首次外部写入前固定
+mount/path；`status.credentialVersion` 仅在成功创建并回读后保存 KV 版本。位置和确认版本
+不得自动更改或清空，Conditions 只描述当前可用性。已有值但无确认版本时报告 Conflict，
+不能靠读取成功认领；已确认凭据消失或最新版本不一致同样停止，等待人工核实。
+部署参数变化不得搬迁旧位置；确认记录写入的 resourceVersion 冲突不能通过盲目重试覆盖。
+
 TLS、OpenBao Kubernetes auth、controller/ESO 身份隔离、Secret 读取范围和防泄漏要求
 见 [安全模型](security.md)。这些安全约束继续适用。
 

internal/bootstrap/database.go

@@ -6,7 +6,10 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 
+	bao "github.com/openbao/openbao/api/v2"
+
 	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/adapter/kubernetes"
+	databasebao "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/adapter/openbao"
 	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/adapter/postgresql"
 	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/application"
 	databasecontroller "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/controller"
@@ -14,14 +17,18 @@ import (
 )
 
 type databaseOptions struct {
-	secretNamespace string
+	secretNamespace  string
-	rootCert        string
+	rootCert         string
+	credentialMount  string
+	credentialPrefix string
 }
 
 func (o *databaseOptions) bindFlags(flags *flag.FlagSet) {
 	flags.StringVar(&o.secretNamespace, "database-secret-namespace", os.Getenv("POD_NAMESPACE"),
 		"固定管理 Secret namespace；为空时不启用 Instance 观测")
 	flags.StringVar(&o.rootCert, "database-root-cert", "", "PostgreSQL 管理连接信任的公开 CA bundle 路径")
+	flags.StringVar(&o.credentialMount, "database-credential-mount", "", "应用凭据 KV v2 mount；为空时不启用凭据准备")
+	flags.StringVar(&o.credentialPrefix, "database-credential-prefix", "applications", "应用凭据路径前缀；已有固定位置不随配置变化迁移")
 }
 
 func (o databaseOptions) configureManager(options *ctrl.Options) {
@@ -30,21 +37,39 @@ func (o databaseOptions) configureManager(options *ctrl.Options) {
 	}
 }
 
-// setupDatabase 封装 Database 的内部装配，并返回在 manager 停止后执行的清理。
+// registerDatabaseControllers 封装 Database 的内部装配，并返回在 manager 停止后执行的清理。
-func setupDatabase(ctx context.Context, manager ctrl.Manager, options databaseOptions) (func(), error) {
+func registerDatabaseControllers(ctx context.Context, manager ctrl.Manager, options databaseOptions, baoClient *bao.Client) (func(), error) {
-	cleanup := func() {}
+	closeDatabaseConnections := func() {}
 	if options.secretNamespace != "" {
 		service, err := setupInstanceObservation(manager, options.secretNamespace, options.rootCert)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("set up Instance observation: %w", err)
 		}
-		cleanup = service.Close
+		closeDatabaseConnections = service.Close
 	}
-	if err := (&databasecontroller.BindingReconciler{}).SetupWithManager(ctx, manager); err != nil {
+	if err := wireBindingController(manager.GetClient(), manager.GetAPIReader()).SetupWithManager(ctx, manager); err != nil {
-		cleanup()
+		closeDatabaseConnections()
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("set up Database binding controller: %w", err)
 	}
-	return cleanup, nil
+	if err := setupCredentialPreparation(manager, options, baoClient); err != nil {
+		closeDatabaseConnections()
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("set up Database credential preparation: %w", err)
+	}
+	return closeDatabaseConnections, nil
+}
+
+func setupCredentialPreparation(manager ctrl.Manager, options databaseOptions, baoClient *bao.Client) error {
+	if options.credentialMount == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if baoClient == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("database credential preparation requires OpenBao authentication configuration")
+	}
+	store, err := databasebao.NewCredentials(baoClient, options.credentialMount, options.credentialPrefix)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return wireCredentialController(manager.GetClient(), manager.GetAPIReader(), store).SetupWithManager(manager)
 }
 
 func setupInstanceObservation(manager ctrl.Manager, namespace, rootCert string) (*application.InstanceService, error) {
@@ -56,7 +81,7 @@ func setupInstanceObservation(manager ctrl.Manager, namespace, rootCert string)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	reconciler := &databasecontroller.InstanceReconciler{Observer: service, SecretNamespace: namespace}
+	reconciler := wireInstanceController(manager.GetClient(), manager.GetAPIReader(), service, namespace)
 	if err := reconciler.SetupWithManager(manager); err != nil {
 		service.Close()
 		return nil, err

internal/bootstrap/database_wiring.go

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+package bootstrap
+
+import (
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/adapter/kubernetes"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/application"
+	databasecontroller "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/controller"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/client"
+)
+
+// 本文件是 Database 的显式依赖图：adapter → 用例 → controller。
+// 构造只在启动时执行；用例和 controller 都不持有容器或动态查找依赖。
+func wireBindingController(writer client.Client, reader client.Reader) *databasecontroller.BindingReconciler {
+	resources := &kubernetes.BindingResources{Client: writer, Reader: reader}
+	service := &application.BindingService{Resources: resources}
+	return databasecontroller.NewBindingReconciler(writer, service, resources)
+}
+
+func wireCredentialController(writer client.Client, reader client.Reader, store application.CredentialStore) *databasecontroller.CredentialReconciler {
+	resources := &kubernetes.CredentialResources{Client: writer, Reader: reader}
+	service := &application.CredentialPreparation{Resources: resources, Store: store}
+	return databasecontroller.NewCredentialReconciler(writer, service)
+}
+
+func wireInstanceController(writer client.Client, reader client.Reader, observer application.InstanceObserver, namespace string) *databasecontroller.InstanceReconciler {
+	resources := &kubernetes.InstanceResources{Client: writer, Reader: reader}
+	service := &application.InstanceReconciliation{Resources: resources, Observer: observer}
+	return databasecontroller.NewInstanceReconciler(writer, service, resources, namespace)
+}

internal/bootstrap/database_wiring_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+package bootstrap
+
+import (
+	"go/parser"
+	"go/token"
+	"io/fs"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/adapter/kubernetes"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/adapter/postgresql"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/application"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/client/fake"
+)
+
+const controllerLayer = "controller"
+
+func TestDatabaseExplicitWiring(t *testing.T) {
+	writer := fake.NewClientBuilder().Build()
+	directReader := fake.NewClientBuilder().Build()
+	binder := wireBindingController(writer, directReader)
+	bindingResources, ok := binder.Service.Resources.(*kubernetes.BindingResources)
+	if !ok || binder.Client != writer || bindingResources.Reader != directReader || bindingResources.Client != writer || binder.Presenter != bindingResources {
+		t.Fatal("绑定用例没有共享显式注入的 writer、直连 reader 与 presenter")
+	}
+	credentials, err := kubernetes.NewSecretCredentials(directReader, "wiring-tests")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	observer, err := application.NewInstanceService(credentials, postgresql.Connector{})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(observer.Close)
+	reconciler := wireInstanceController(writer, directReader, observer, "wiring-tests")
+	resources, ok := reconciler.Service.Resources.(*kubernetes.InstanceResources)
+	if !ok || resources.Reader != directReader || resources.Client != writer || reconciler.Service.Observer != observer || reconciler.Presenter != resources {
+		t.Fatal("Instance 的服务或读取边界未按依赖图注入")
+	}
+}
+
+// 防止领域重新依赖用例/存储，也防止 controller 再次私自构造具体 adapter。
+func TestDatabaseLayerImports(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, layer := range []string{"domain", controllerLayer} {
+		err := filepath.WalkDir(filepath.Join("../database", layer), func(path string, entry fs.DirEntry, err error) error {
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			if entry.IsDir() || !strings.HasSuffix(path, ".go") || strings.HasSuffix(path, "_test.go") {
+				return nil
+			}
+			file, err := parser.ParseFile(token.NewFileSet(), path, nil, parser.ImportsOnly)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			for _, dependency := range file.Imports {
+				name, err := strconv.Unquote(dependency.Path.Value)
+				if err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+				if strings.Contains(name, "/database/adapter/") || (layer == "domain" &&
+					(strings.Contains(name, "/database/application") || strings.Contains(name, "k8s.io/") || strings.Contains(name, "/internal/infra/"))) {
+					t.Errorf("%s 不得导入 %s", path, name)
+				}
+			}
+			return nil
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+}

internal/bootstrap/manager_integration_test.go

@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
+	bao "github.com/openbao/openbao/api/v2"
+
 	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/envtest"
 )
 
@@ -46,16 +48,28 @@ func TestBootstrapWithRealAPIServer(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	if err := setupOpenBaoAuthentication(manager, options.openBao); err != nil {
+	baoClient, err := setupOpenBaoAuthentication(manager, options.openBao)
+	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(t.Context(), 30*time.Second)
 	defer cancel()
-	cleanup, err := setupDatabase(ctx, manager, options.database)
+	closeDatabaseConnections, err := registerDatabaseControllers(ctx, manager, options.database, baoClient)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	defer cleanup()
+	defer closeDatabaseConnections()
+	// 空 API 中没有供应目标；此处验证启用路径确实注册 controller，不访问外部 Bao。
+	fixtureConfig := bao.NewConfig()
+	fixtureConfig.Address = "http://127.0.0.1:1"
+	fixtureClient, err := bao.NewClient(fixtureConfig)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	options.database.credentialMount = "secret"
+	if err := setupCredentialPreparation(manager, options.database, fixtureClient); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
 	done := make(chan error, 1)
 	go func() { done <- manager.Start(ctx) }()
 	defer func() {
@@ -66,7 +80,7 @@ func TestBootstrapWithRealAPIServer(t *testing.T) {
 				t.Error(err)
 			}
 		case <-time.After(20 * time.Second):
-			t.Error("manager did not stop before component cleanup")
+			t.Error("manager did not stop before component closeDatabaseConnections")
 		}
 	}()
 	if !manager.GetCache().WaitForCacheSync(ctx) {

internal/bootstrap/openbao.go

@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ import (
 	"flag"
 	"net/http"
 
+	bao "github.com/openbao/openbao/api/v2"
+
 	ctrl "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime"
 
 	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/infra/openbao"
@@ -45,28 +47,32 @@ func (o *openBaoOptions) bindFlags(flags *flag.FlagSet) {
 	flags.StringVar(&o.identity.Audience, "openbao-token-audience", "openbao", "SA JWT audience，须匹配 OpenBao role")
 }
 
-func setupOpenBaoAuthentication(manager ctrl.Manager, options openBaoOptions) error {
+func setupOpenBaoAuthentication(manager ctrl.Manager, options openBaoOptions) (*bao.Client, error) {
 	if options.address == "" {
-		return nil
+		return nil, nil
 	}
 	client, err := openbao.NewClient(options.address, options.caCert)
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		return nil, err
 	}
 	// 复用 manager 已装配的 Kubernetes client，不重复加载配置或创建客户端。
 	session, err := openbao.NewKubernetesSession(
 		client, manager.GetClient(), options.mount, options.role, options.identity,
 	)
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		return nil, err
 	}
 	if err := manager.Add(session); err != nil {
-		return err
+		return nil, err
 	}
-	return manager.AddReadyzCheck("openbao-auth", func(_ *http.Request) error {
+	err = manager.AddReadyzCheck("openbao-auth", func(_ *http.Request) error {
 		if !session.Ready() {
 			return errors.New("OpenBao Kubernetes authentication unavailable")
 		}
 		return nil
 	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return client, nil
 }

internal/bootstrap/options_test.go

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ func TestDefaultConfiguration(t *testing.T) {
 	if options.manager.webhookOptions().Port != 9443 || !options.logging.Development {
 		t.Fatal("webhook or logging defaults changed")
 	}
-	if options.database.secretNamespace != "" || options.openBao.address != "" {
+	if options.database.secretNamespace != "" || options.database.credentialMount != "" || options.openBao.address != "" {
 		t.Fatal("optional backends enabled by default")
 	}
 	if options.openBao.mount != "kubernetes" || options.openBao.identity.Audience != "openbao" {
@@ -58,6 +58,19 @@ func TestDefaultConfiguration(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestCredentialPreparationOptions(t *testing.T) {
+	options := parseTestOptions(t, "--database-credential-mount=applications-kv", "--database-credential-prefix=database")
+	if options.database.credentialMount != "applications-kv" || options.database.credentialPrefix != "database" {
+		t.Fatal("凭据准备参数未传入领域装配")
+	}
+	if err := setupCredentialPreparation(nil, options.database, nil); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("启用凭据准备必须有显式配置的认证 client")
+	}
+	if err := setupCredentialPreparation(nil, databaseOptions{}, nil); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("默认停用凭据准备不应要求后端")
+	}
+}
+
 func TestManagerFlagOverrides(t *testing.T) {
 	options := parseTestOptions(t,
 		"--metrics-bind-address=:9090", "--metrics-secure=false", "--health-probe-bind-address=:9091",

internal/bootstrap/run.go

@@ -23,15 +23,16 @@ func Run() error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	if err := setupOpenBaoAuthentication(manager, options.openBao); err != nil {
+	baoClient, err := setupOpenBaoAuthentication(manager, options.openBao)
+	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("set up OpenBao authentication: %w", err)
 	}
-	cleanup, err := setupDatabase(context.Background(), manager, options.database)
+	closeDatabaseConnections, err := registerDatabaseControllers(context.Background(), manager, options.database, baoClient)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	// manager 的 worker 完全停止后才释放组件持有的资源。
-	defer cleanup()
+	defer closeDatabaseConnections()
 
 	setupLog.Info("Starting manager")
 	if err := manager.Start(ctrl.SetupSignalHandler()); err != nil {

internal/database/adapter/kubernetes/binding_mapping.go

@@ -51,11 +51,3 @@ func tenantReference(tenant binding.TenantIdentity) *databasev1alpha1.TenantRefe
 		Namespace: tenant.Namespace, Name: databasev1alpha1.ObjectName(tenant.Name), UID: types.UID(tenant.UID),
 	}
 }
-
-// BindingTargetName 供 informer 索引使用；不把无效请求丢出事件映射。
-func BindingTargetName(tenant *databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLTenant) string {
-	if tenant.Spec.DatabaseRef != nil {
-		return string(tenant.Spec.DatabaseRef.Name)
-	}
-	return binding.DynamicDatabaseName(string(tenant.UID))
-}

internal/database/adapter/kubernetes/binding_resources.go

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import (
 const (
 	TenantFinalizer   = "database.ayatori.ddupan.top/tenant-protection"
 	DatabaseFinalizer = "database.ayatori.ddupan.top/database-protection"
+	readyCondition    = "Ready"
 )
 
 // BindingResources 读取领域所需事实，并把用例结果呈现为 CR、finalizer 与 Conditions。
@@ -148,7 +149,7 @@ func (r *BindingResources) presentStatus(ctx context.Context, object *databasev1
 		}
 	}
 	meta.SetStatusCondition(&object.Status.Conditions, metav1.Condition{
-		Type: "Ready", Status: metav1.ConditionFalse, Reason: status.Reason, Message: status.Message,
+		Type: readyCondition, Status: metav1.ConditionFalse, Reason: status.Reason, Message: status.Message,
 		ObservedGeneration: object.Generation,
 	})
 	if equality.Semantic.DeepEqual(*previous, object.Status) {
@@ -186,6 +187,6 @@ func bindingVersionConflict(resource, name string) error {
 }
 
 func currentReady(generation int64, conditions []metav1.Condition) bool {
-	condition := meta.FindStatusCondition(conditions, "Ready")
+	condition := meta.FindStatusCondition(conditions, readyCondition)
 	return condition != nil && condition.Status == metav1.ConditionTrue && condition.ObservedGeneration == generation
 }

internal/database/adapter/kubernetes/credential_conditions.go

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+package kubernetes
+
+import credentialdomain "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/domain/credential"
+
+const credentialsReadyCondition = "CredentialsReady"
+
+// 持久化 API 的 Reason 保持兼容，领域内部只使用准备阶段。
+var credentialReasons = map[credentialdomain.Phase]string{
+	credentialdomain.Pending:       "PreparationPending",
+	credentialdomain.Pinned:        "LocationPinned",
+	credentialdomain.Creating:      "CreationStarted",
+	credentialdomain.Prepared:      "CredentialPrepared",
+	credentialdomain.Conflict:      "Conflict",
+	credentialdomain.Unavailable:   "DependencyUnavailable",
+	credentialdomain.Stopped:       "PreparationStopped",
+	credentialdomain.InvalidTarget: "InvalidTarget",
+}
+
+func credentialReason(phase credentialdomain.Phase) string { return credentialReasons[phase] }
+
+func credentialPhase(reason string) credentialdomain.Phase {
+	for phase, value := range credentialReasons {
+		if value == reason {
+			return phase
+		}
+	}
+	return credentialdomain.Pending
+}

internal/database/adapter/kubernetes/credential_resources.go

@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+package kubernetes
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+
+	credentialdomain "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/domain/credential"
+
+	databasev1alpha1 "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/api/database/v1alpha1"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/application"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/domain/binding"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/equality"
+	apierrors "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/errors"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/meta"
+	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/types"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/client"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/controller/controllerutil"
+)
+
+// CredentialResources 只映射资源事实与状态写入，供应资格和执行顺序由用例决定。
+type CredentialResources struct {
+	Client client.Client
+	Reader client.Reader
+}
+
+var _ application.CredentialResources = (*CredentialResources)(nil)
+
+func (r *CredentialResources) Load(ctx context.Context, name string) (*application.CredentialRecord, error) {
+	database := &databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabase{}
+	if err := r.Reader.Get(ctx, types.NamespacedName{Name: name}, database); err != nil {
+		return nil, client.IgnoreNotFound(err)
+	}
+	record := &application.CredentialRecord{
+		Database: bindingDatabase(database).Database, Revision: database.ResourceVersion,
+		DatabaseProtected: controllerutil.ContainsFinalizer(database, DatabaseFinalizer),
+		Status:            credentialStatus(database),
+	}
+	if database.Spec.Source != "Provision" {
+		return record, nil
+	}
+	if ref := database.Spec.TenantRef; ref != nil {
+		tenant := &databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLTenant{}
+		err := r.Reader.Get(ctx, types.NamespacedName{Namespace: ref.Namespace, Name: string(ref.Name)}, tenant)
+		if err != nil && !apierrors.IsNotFound(err) {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		if err == nil {
+			record.Tenant = &bindingTenant(tenant).Tenant
+			record.TenantGeneration = tenant.Generation
+			record.TenantProtected = controllerutil.ContainsFinalizer(tenant, TenantFinalizer)
+		}
+	}
+	instance := &databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLInstance{}
+	err := r.Reader.Get(ctx, types.NamespacedName{Name: string(database.Spec.InstanceRef.Name)}, instance)
+	if err != nil {
+		return record, client.IgnoreNotFound(err)
+	}
+	observed, err := instanceRecord(instance)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	record.Instance = &credentialdomain.Instance{
+		Identity: binding.Identity{Name: instance.Name, UID: string(instance.UID)},
+		Deleting: !instance.DeletionTimestamp.IsZero(), Ready: currentReady(instance.Generation, instance.Status.Conditions),
+		Endpoint: observed.Target.Definition().Endpoint(),
+	}
+	record.InstanceGeneration = instance.Generation
+	return record, nil
+}
+
+func credentialStatus(database *databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabase) credentialdomain.State {
+	status := credentialdomain.State{Version: database.Status.CredentialVersion}
+	if ref := database.Status.CredentialRef; ref != nil {
+		status.Location = &credentialdomain.Location{Mount: ref.Mount, Path: ref.Path}
+	}
+	if condition := meta.FindStatusCondition(database.Status.Conditions, credentialsReadyCondition); condition != nil {
+		status.Phase, status.Message = credentialPhase(condition.Reason), condition.Message
+	}
+	return status
+}
+
+func (r *CredentialResources) Save(ctx context.Context, record *application.CredentialRecord, status credentialdomain.State) (*application.CredentialRecord, error) {
+	bindingResources := &BindingResources{Client: r.Client, Reader: r.Reader}
+	database, err := bindingResources.databaseAtVersion(ctx, &application.BindingDatabase{Database: record.Database, Revision: record.Revision})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	previous := database.Status.DeepCopy()
+	if status.Location != nil {
+		database.Status.CredentialRef = &databasev1alpha1.CredentialReference{Mount: status.Location.Mount, Path: status.Location.Path}
+	}
+	database.Status.CredentialVersion = status.Version
+	conditionStatus := metav1.ConditionFalse
+	if status.Phase == credentialdomain.Prepared {
+		conditionStatus = metav1.ConditionTrue
+	}
+	meta.SetStatusCondition(&database.Status.Conditions, metav1.Condition{
+		Type: credentialsReadyCondition, Status: conditionStatus, Reason: credentialReason(status.Phase), Message: status.Message,
+		ObservedGeneration: database.Generation,
+	})
+	meta.SetStatusCondition(&database.Status.Conditions, metav1.Condition{
+		Type: readyCondition, Status: metav1.ConditionFalse, Reason: "ProvisioningIncomplete",
+		Message: "凭据准备不代表 PostgreSQL 供应、应用登录或 Tenant 交付已经完成", ObservedGeneration: database.Generation,
+	})
+	database.Status.ObservedGeneration = database.Generation
+	if !equality.Semantic.DeepEqual(*previous, database.Status) {
+		if err := r.Client.Status().Update(ctx, database); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	updated := *record
+	updated.Database = bindingDatabase(database).Database
+	updated.Revision = database.ResourceVersion
+	updated.Status = credentialStatus(database)
+	// 旧 CRD 会裁剪未知 status 字段。不能把 HTTP 成功当作位置/版本已保存后继续写后端。
+	if !equality.Semantic.DeepEqual(updated.Status.Location, status.Location) || updated.Status.Version != status.Version {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("凭据位置或版本未被 API 保留；请先升级 Database CRD，未继续外部操作")
+	}
+	return &updated, nil
+}
+
+func (r *CredentialResources) CheckCurrent(ctx context.Context, record *application.CredentialRecord) error {
+	current, err := r.Load(ctx, record.Database.Identity.Name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if current == nil || current.Database.Identity != record.Database.Identity || current.Revision != record.Revision ||
+		!sameCredentialDependencies(current, record) {
+		return apierrors.NewConflict(databasev1alpha1.GroupVersion.WithResource("postgresqldatabases").GroupResource(), record.Database.Identity.Name,
+			fmt.Errorf("凭据准备的资源快照已变化；停止本轮操作并重新观察"))
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func sameCredentialDependencies(current, previous *application.CredentialRecord) bool {
+	if current.Tenant == nil || previous.Tenant == nil || current.Instance == nil || previous.Instance == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	// Tenant Ready 的诊断变化、Instance 对同一 generation 的观测刷新不改变写入目标。
+	// 仍检查申请 spec generation、完整绑定身份、删除状态、保护和当前 Instance Ready。
+	return current.TenantGeneration == previous.TenantGeneration &&
+		equality.Semantic.DeepEqual(current.Tenant, previous.Tenant) &&
+		current.TenantProtected == previous.TenantProtected && current.DatabaseProtected == previous.DatabaseProtected &&
+		current.Instance.Instance == previous.Instance.Instance && current.InstanceGeneration == previous.InstanceGeneration &&
+		current.Instance.Endpoint == previous.Instance.Endpoint
+}

internal/database/adapter/kubernetes/instance_resources.go

@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ func (r *InstanceResources) PresentInstance(ctx context.Context, result applicat
 		ready = metav1.ConditionTrue
 	}
 	meta.SetStatusCondition(&object.Status.Conditions, metav1.Condition{
-		Type: "Ready", Status: ready, ObservedGeneration: object.Generation,
+		Type: readyCondition, Status: ready, ObservedGeneration: object.Generation,
 		Reason: result.Reason, Message: result.Message,
 	})
 	if !equality.Semantic.DeepEqual(*previous, object.Status) {

internal/database/adapter/openbao/confirmed_credentials_integration_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+//go:build integration
+
+package openbao_test
+
+import (
+	"maps"
+	"testing"
+
+	bao "github.com/openbao/openbao/api/v2"
+
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/adapter/openbao"
+)
+
+func TestConfirmedCredentialRecoveryWithRealOpenBao(t *testing.T) {
+	root := baoFixture(t)
+	store := fixtureStore(t, root)
+	credential := fixtureCredential(t)
+	if err := store.Create(t.Context(), credentialPath, credential); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	// 新 adapter 模拟进程重启：只有已持久化的版本才能恢复读取。
+	restarted := fixtureStore(t, root)
+	if _, err := restarted.ReadConfirmed(t.Context(), credentialPath, 0); err != openbao.ErrConflict {
+		t.Fatal("已有值不能替代缺失的确认记录")
+	}
+	observed, err := restarted.ReadConfirmed(t.Context(), credentialPath, 1)
+	if err != nil || !maps.Equal(observed.SecretData(), credential.SecretData()) {
+		t.Fatal("确认版本的凭据不能恢复读取")
+	}
+	// 即使内容相同，新增版本也不属于已确认写入；历史版本仍在不能掩盖改写。
+	if _, err := root.KVv2("secret").Put(t.Context(), credentialPath, credential.SecretData(), bao.WithCheckAndSet(1)); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("无法准备测试中的版本变化")
+	}
+	if _, err := restarted.ReadConfirmed(t.Context(), credentialPath, 1); err != openbao.ErrConflict {
+		t.Fatal("最新版本漂移必须报冲突")
+	}
+	if err := root.KVv2("secret").Delete(t.Context(), credentialPath); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("无法准备测试中的软删除")
+	}
+	if _, err := restarted.ReadConfirmed(t.Context(), credentialPath, 1); err != openbao.ErrConflict {
+		t.Fatal("已确认凭据被删除必须报冲突")
+	}
+	metadata, err := root.KVv2("secret").GetMetadata(t.Context(), credentialPath)
+	if err != nil || metadata.CurrentVersion != 2 {
+		t.Fatal("恢复检查不得生成或覆盖凭据")
+	}
+}

internal/database/adapter/openbao/confirmed_credentials_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+package openbao_test
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"testing"
+
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/adapter/openbao"
+)
+
+func credentialVersionMetadata(version int) map[string]any {
+	return map[string]any{kvVersionKey: version}
+}
+
+func TestConfirmedCredentialRead(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, test := range []struct {
+		name    string
+		version int64
+		status  int
+		meta    map[string]any
+		invalid bool
+		want    error
+	}{
+		{name: "已确认", version: 1, status: 200, meta: credentialVersionMetadata(1)},
+		{name: "未确认禁止读取", version: 0, want: openbao.ErrConflict},
+		{name: "版本已变化", version: 1, status: 200, meta: credentialVersionMetadata(2), want: openbao.ErrConflict},
+		{name: "版本为零", version: 1, status: 200, meta: credentialVersionMetadata(0), want: openbao.ErrConflict},
+		{name: "响应无法解析", version: 1, status: 200, want: openbao.ErrUnavailable},
+		{name: "内容损坏", version: 1, status: 200, meta: credentialVersionMetadata(1), invalid: true, want: openbao.ErrConflict},
+		{name: "凭据丢失", version: 1, status: 404, want: openbao.ErrConflict},
+		{name: "读取被拒绝", version: 1, status: 403, want: openbao.ErrUnavailable},
+		{name: "后端不可用", version: 1, status: 503, want: openbao.ErrUnavailable},
+	} {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			credential := fixtureCredential(t)
+			server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+				if test.version == 0 {
+					t.Error("没有持久化确认记录不能读取已有值")
+				}
+				if r.Method != http.MethodGet || r.URL.RawQuery != "" {
+					t.Error("只允许读取最新值，不能写入或回退历史版本")
+				}
+				w.WriteHeader(test.status)
+				if test.status != http.StatusOK {
+					return
+				}
+				data := credential.SecretData()
+				if test.invalid {
+					delete(data, "password")
+				}
+				if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]any{
+					kvDataKey: map[string]any{kvDataKey: data, "metadata": test.meta},
+				}); err != nil {
+					t.Error("测试响应编码失败")
+				}
+			}))
+			defer server.Close()
+			store := fixtureStore(t, fixtureClient(t, server.URL))
+			observed, err := store.ReadConfirmed(t.Context(), credentialPath, test.version)
+			if err != test.want {
+				t.Fatalf("期望 %v，得到 %v", test.want, err)
+			}
+			if err != nil && observed.Validate() == nil {
+				t.Fatal("失败时不能返回可用凭据")
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

internal/database/adapter/openbao/credential_store.go

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+package openbao
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	credentialdomain "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/domain/credential"
+
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/application"
+)
+
+var _ application.CredentialStore = (*Credentials)(nil)
+
+func (c *Credentials) ProvisionLocation(uid string) (credentialdomain.Location, error) {
+	path, err := c.ProvisionPath(uid)
+	if err != nil {
+		return credentialdomain.Location{}, err
+	}
+	return credentialdomain.Location{Mount: c.mount, Path: path}, nil
+}
+
+func (c *Credentials) ReadCredential(ctx context.Context, location credentialdomain.Location, version int64) (credentialdomain.ApplicationCredential, error) {
+	if location.Mount != c.mount {
+		return credentialdomain.ApplicationCredential{}, ErrInvalidLocation
+	}
+	if version == 0 {
+		return c.Read(ctx, location.Path)
+	}
+	return c.ReadConfirmed(ctx, location.Path, version)
+}
+
+func (c *Credentials) CreateCredential(ctx context.Context, location credentialdomain.Location, credential credentialdomain.ApplicationCredential) (int64, error) {
+	if location.Mount != c.mount {
+		return 0, ErrInvalidLocation
+	}
+	if err := c.Create(ctx, location.Path, credential); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	// Create 的合同是 CAS=0 且回读版本 1 和七键完全一致。
+	return 1, nil
+}

internal/database/adapter/openbao/credentials.go

@@ -26,17 +26,19 @@ import (
 	"slices"
 	"strings"
 
+	credentialdomain "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/domain/credential"
+
 	bao "github.com/openbao/openbao/api/v2"
 
 	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/application"
 )
 
 var (
-	ErrInvalidLocation = errors.New("credential location is outside the configured scope")
+	ErrInvalidLocation = application.ErrCredentialLocation
-	ErrUnavailable     = errors.New("credential backend unavailable")
+	ErrUnavailable     = application.ErrCredentialUnavailable
-	ErrNotFound        = errors.New("application credential not found")
+	ErrNotFound        = application.ErrCredentialNotFound
-	ErrConflict        = errors.New("credential creation requires manual conflict resolution")
+	ErrConflict        = application.ErrCredentialConflict
-	ErrUncertain       = errors.New("credential creation outcome is uncertain; manual resolution required")
+	ErrUncertain       = application.ErrCredentialUncertain
 )
 
 var pathSegment = regexp.MustCompile(`^[A-Za-z0-9_-]+$`)
@@ -45,6 +47,7 @@ var pathSegment = regexp.MustCompile(`^[A-Za-z0-9_-]+$`)
 // 本适配器既不自动认领已有值，也不提供覆盖、轮换或删除操作。
 type Credentials struct {
 	kv       *bao.KVv2
+	mount    string
 	basePath string
 }
 
@@ -54,7 +57,7 @@ func NewCredentials(client *bao.Client, mount, basePath string) (*Credentials, e
 	if client == nil || !validPath(mount) || !validPath(basePath) {
 		return nil, ErrInvalidLocation
 	}
-	return &Credentials{kv: client.KVv2(mount), basePath: basePath}, nil
+	return &Credentials{kv: client.KVv2(mount), mount: mount, basePath: basePath}, nil
 }
 
 func validPath(value string) bool {
@@ -79,26 +82,57 @@ func (c *Credentials) accepts(path string) bool {
 }
 
 // Read 只读取调用方已确认关联的路径；成功读取不构成对既有凭据的自动认领。
-func (c *Credentials) Read(ctx context.Context, path string) (application.ApplicationCredential, error) {
+func (c *Credentials) Read(ctx context.Context, path string) (credentialdomain.ApplicationCredential, error) {
+	secret, err := c.read(ctx, path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return credentialdomain.ApplicationCredential{}, err
+	}
+	return credentialdomain.ParseApplicationCredential(secret.Data)
+}
+
+// ReadConfirmed 读取最新值并核对已持久化的确认版本，不回退读取历史版本。
+// 确认后的删除或改写需要人工处理，不能因此重新生成密码。
+func (c *Credentials) ReadConfirmed(ctx context.Context, path string, version int64) (credentialdomain.ApplicationCredential, error) {
+	if version < 1 {
+		return credentialdomain.ApplicationCredential{}, ErrConflict
+	}
+	secret, err := c.read(ctx, path)
+	if errors.Is(err, ErrNotFound) {
+		return credentialdomain.ApplicationCredential{}, ErrConflict
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return credentialdomain.ApplicationCredential{}, err
+	}
+	if secret.VersionMetadata == nil || int64(secret.VersionMetadata.Version) != version {
+		return credentialdomain.ApplicationCredential{}, ErrConflict
+	}
+	credential, err := credentialdomain.ParseApplicationCredential(secret.Data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return credentialdomain.ApplicationCredential{}, ErrConflict
+	}
+	return credential, nil
+}
+
+func (c *Credentials) read(ctx context.Context, path string) (*bao.KVSecret, error) {
 	if !c.accepts(path) {
-		return application.ApplicationCredential{}, ErrInvalidLocation
+		return nil, ErrInvalidLocation
 	}
 	secret, err := c.kv.Get(ctx, path)
 	if errors.Is(err, bao.ErrSecretNotFound) {
-		return application.ApplicationCredential{}, ErrNotFound
+		return nil, ErrNotFound
 	}
 	if err != nil {
-		return application.ApplicationCredential{}, ErrUnavailable
+		return nil, ErrUnavailable
 	}
 	if secret == nil || secret.Data == nil {
-		return application.ApplicationCredential{}, ErrNotFound
+		return nil, ErrNotFound
 	}
-	return application.ParseApplicationCredential(secret.Data)
+	return secret, nil
 }
 
 // Create 只创建从未存在过的路径，并验证回读七键与提交值完全一致。
 // 任何不确定写入都不返回凭据；上层必须停止供应并持久化冲突，不能重新生成密码。
-func (c *Credentials) Create(ctx context.Context, path string, credential application.ApplicationCredential) error {
+func (c *Credentials) Create(ctx context.Context, path string, credential credentialdomain.ApplicationCredential) error {
 	if !c.accepts(path) {
 		return ErrInvalidLocation
 	}

internal/database/adapter/openbao/credentials_test.go

@@ -25,10 +25,11 @@ import (
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"testing"
 
+	credentialdomain "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/domain/credential"
+
 	bao "github.com/openbao/openbao/api/v2"
 
 	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/adapter/openbao"
-	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/application"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -36,11 +37,12 @@ const (
 	fixturePassword = "AYATORI-TEST-ONLY-application-password"
 	fixtureToken    = "AYATORI-TEST-ONLY-bao-token"
 	kvDataKey       = "data"
+	kvVersionKey    = "version"
 )
 
-func fixtureCredential(t *testing.T) application.ApplicationCredential {
+func fixtureCredential(t *testing.T) credentialdomain.ApplicationCredential {
 	t.Helper()
-	credential, err := application.ParseApplicationCredential(map[string]any{
+	credential, err := credentialdomain.ParseApplicationCredential(map[string]any{
 		"username": "app_owner", "password": fixturePassword, "database": "app",
 		"host": "postgres.example", "hostaddr": "192.0.2.1", "port": "5432", "sslmode": "verify-full",
 	})
@@ -66,7 +68,7 @@ func TestCredentialReadbackMustConfirmTheWrite(t *testing.T) {
 					if json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&request) != nil || request.Options.CAS == nil || *request.Options.CAS != 0 {
 						t.Error("create request must explicitly require CAS=0")
 					}
-					if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]any{kvDataKey: map[string]any{"version": 1}}); err != nil {
+					if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]any{kvDataKey: map[string]any{kvVersionKey: 1}}); err != nil {
 						t.Error("cannot encode fixture write response")
 					}
 					return
@@ -85,7 +87,7 @@ func TestCredentialReadbackMustConfirmTheWrite(t *testing.T) {
 				}
 				response := map[string]any{kvDataKey: data}
 				if scenario != "missing metadata" {
-					response["metadata"] = map[string]any{"version": version}
+					response["metadata"] = map[string]any{kvVersionKey: version}
 				}
 				if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]any{kvDataKey: response}); err != nil {
 					t.Error("cannot encode fixture read response")

internal/database/adapter/openbao/preparation_concurrency_integration_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+//go:build integration
+
+package openbao_test
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+
+	apierrors "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/errors"
+
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/application"
+)
+
+// 两个用例都先拿到同一真实 resourceVersion，再竞争固定位置；后续写入仍经过 API server。
+type concurrentCredentialResources struct {
+	application.CredentialResources
+	readers atomic.Int32
+	loaded  sync.WaitGroup
+}
+
+func (r *concurrentCredentialResources) Load(ctx context.Context, name string) (*application.CredentialRecord, error) {
+	record, err := r.CredentialResources.Load(ctx, name)
+	if r.readers.Add(1) <= 2 {
+		r.loaded.Done()
+		r.loaded.Wait()
+	}
+	return record, err
+}
+
+func testPreparationConcurrency(t *testing.T, f *preparationFixture) {
+	database, _ := f.bound(t, "concurrent")
+	service := f.service(t)
+	resources := &concurrentCredentialResources{CredentialResources: service.Resources}
+	resources.loaded.Add(2)
+	service.Resources = resources
+	results := make(chan error, 2)
+	for range 2 {
+		go func() { results <- service.Reconcile(t.Context(), database.Name) }()
+	}
+	succeeded, conflicted := 0, 0
+	for range 2 {
+		err := <-results
+		switch {
+		case err == nil:
+			succeeded++
+		case apierrors.IsConflict(err):
+			conflicted++
+		default:
+			t.Fatalf("并发用例返回意外错误: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+	if succeeded != 1 || conflicted != 1 {
+		t.Fatal("同一快照只能有一个用例成功固定位置并继续创建")
+	}
+	f.status(t, database, 1, "CredentialPrepared")
+	stored, err := f.bao.KVv2("secret").Get(t.Context(), database.Status.CredentialRef.Path)
+	if err != nil || stored.VersionMetadata.Version != 1 {
+		t.Fatal("并发准备用例只能产生一个凭据版本")
+	}
+}

internal/database/adapter/openbao/preparation_fixture_integration_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+//go:build integration
+
+package openbao_test
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	bao "github.com/openbao/openbao/api/v2"
+	corev1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/meta"
+	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/rest"
+	ctrl "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/client"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/envtest"
+
+	databasev1alpha1 "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/api/database/v1alpha1"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/adapter/kubernetes"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/application"
+	databasecontroller "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/controller"
+)
+
+const preparationNamespace = "credential-preparation"
+
+type preparationFixture struct {
+	api    client.Client
+	config *rest.Config
+	scheme *runtime.Scheme
+	bao    *bao.Client
+}
+
+func newPreparationFixture(t *testing.T) *preparationFixture {
+	t.Helper()
+	environment := &envtest.Environment{CRDDirectoryPaths: []string{"../../../../config/crd/bases"}, ErrorIfCRDPathMissing: true}
+	config, err := environment.Start()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		if err := environment.Stop(); err != nil {
+			t.Error(err)
+		}
+	})
+	scheme := runtime.NewScheme()
+	if err := databasev1alpha1.AddToScheme(scheme); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := corev1.AddToScheme(scheme); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	api, err := client.New(config, client.Options{Scheme: scheme})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := api.Create(t.Context(), &corev1.Namespace{Name: preparationNamespace}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return &preparationFixture{api: api, config: config, scheme: scheme, bao: baoFixture(t)}
+}
+
+func (f *preparationFixture) bound(t *testing.T, name string) (*databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabase, *databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLTenant) {
+	t.Helper()
+	instance := &databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLInstance{Name: name, Spec: databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLInstanceSpec{
+		Endpoint:           databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLEndpoint{Host: "postgres.example", HostAddr: "192.0.2.1"},
+		AdminCredentialRef: databasev1alpha1.AdminCredentialReference{Name: "management"},
+	}}
+	if err := f.api.Create(t.Context(), instance); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	// 本切片不连接 PG；这里只声明供应前置观察，真实管理能力由既有 PG 集成测试覆盖。
+	meta.SetStatusCondition(&instance.Status.Conditions, metav1.Condition{
+		Type: "Ready", Status: metav1.ConditionTrue, Reason: "FixtureReady", Message: "隔离测试前置观察", ObservedGeneration: instance.Generation,
+	})
+	if err := f.api.Status().Update(t.Context(), instance); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	tenant := &databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLTenant{Name: name, Namespace: preparationNamespace}
+	tenant.Spec.Provision = &databasev1alpha1.DatabaseProvisionRequest{InstanceRef: databasev1alpha1.InstanceReference{Name: databasev1alpha1.ObjectName(name)}}
+	if err := f.api.Create(t.Context(), tenant); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	resources := &kubernetes.BindingResources{Client: f.api, Reader: f.api}
+	binder := databasecontroller.NewBindingReconciler(f.api, &application.BindingService{Resources: resources}, resources)
+	if _, err := binder.Reconcile(t.Context(), ctrl.Request{NamespacedName: client.ObjectKeyFromObject(tenant)}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := f.api.Get(t.Context(), client.ObjectKeyFromObject(tenant), tenant); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	database := &databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabase{}
+	if err := f.api.Get(t.Context(), client.ObjectKey{Name: string(tenant.Status.DatabaseRef.Name)}, database); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return database, tenant
+}
+
+func (f *preparationFixture) service(t *testing.T) application.CredentialPreparation {
+	t.Helper()
+	return application.CredentialPreparation{
+		Resources: &kubernetes.CredentialResources{Client: f.api, Reader: f.api}, Store: fixtureStore(t, f.bao),
+	}
+}
+
+func (f *preparationFixture) status(t *testing.T, database *databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabase, version int64, reason string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if err := f.api.Get(t.Context(), client.ObjectKeyFromObject(database), database); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	condition := meta.FindStatusCondition(database.Status.Conditions, "CredentialsReady")
+	if database.Status.CredentialVersion != version || condition == nil || condition.Reason != reason {
+		t.Fatalf("凭据版本或条件不符：version=%d，期望 reason=%s", database.Status.CredentialVersion, reason)
+	}
+	if meta.IsStatusConditionTrue(database.Status.Conditions, "Ready") {
+		t.Fatal("凭据准备不得宣告 Database Ready")
+	}
+}

internal/database/adapter/openbao/preparation_integration_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+//go:build integration
+
+package openbao_test
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"maps"
+	"testing"
+
+	credentialdomain "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/domain/credential"
+
+	bao "github.com/openbao/openbao/api/v2"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/client"
+
+	databasev1alpha1 "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/api/database/v1alpha1"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/adapter/kubernetes"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/adapter/openbao"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/application"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/domain/binding"
+)
+
+func TestCredentialPreparationWithRealBackends(t *testing.T) {
+	fixture := newPreparationFixture(t)
+	t.Run("创建重启和幂等", func(t *testing.T) { testPreparationRestart(t, fixture) })
+	t.Run("已有值不认领", func(t *testing.T) { testPreparationExisting(t, fixture) })
+	t.Run("确认写入失败", func(t *testing.T) { testPreparationLostConfirmation(t, fixture) })
+	t.Run("后端结果不确定", func(t *testing.T) { testPreparationUncertain(t, fixture) })
+	t.Run("创建中绑定变化", func(t *testing.T) { testPreparationChangedBinding(t, fixture) })
+	t.Run("依赖恢复与固定位置", func(t *testing.T) { testPreparationDependencies(t, fixture) })
+	t.Run("并发用例只有一个写入", func(t *testing.T) { testPreparationConcurrency(t, fixture) })
+	t.Run("位置被API裁剪时拒绝外部写入", func(t *testing.T) { testPreparationPruning(t, fixture) })
+	t.Run("实际manager的watch与重启", func(t *testing.T) { testPreparationWatch(t, fixture) })
+}
+
+func testPreparationRestart(t *testing.T, f *preparationFixture) {
+	database, tenant := f.bound(t, "restart")
+	if err := f.service(t).Reconcile(t.Context(), database.Name); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	f.status(t, database, 1, "CredentialPrepared")
+	path := database.Status.CredentialRef.Path
+	before, err := f.bao.KVv2("secret").Get(t.Context(), path)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("无法读取隔离测试凭据")
+	}
+	if before.Data["username"] != "restart" || before.Data["database"] != "restart" || len(before.Data) != 7 {
+		t.Fatal("用例未使用绑定目标生成七键凭据")
+	}
+	// 两次新用例实例模拟重启，第二轮必须没有无意义状态更新。
+	for range 2 {
+		if err := f.service(t).Reconcile(t.Context(), database.Name); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+	f.status(t, database, 1, "CredentialPrepared")
+	revision := database.ResourceVersion
+	if err := f.service(t).Reconcile(t.Context(), database.Name); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	f.status(t, database, 1, "CredentialPrepared")
+	if database.ResourceVersion != revision {
+		t.Fatal("幂等重试不应改写 status")
+	}
+	after, err := f.bao.KVv2("secret").Get(t.Context(), path)
+	if err != nil || after.VersionMetadata.Version != 1 || !maps.Equal(before.Data, after.Data) {
+		t.Fatal("重启后不应生成或覆盖凭据")
+	}
+	if err := f.api.Delete(t.Context(), tenant); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := f.service(t).Reconcile(t.Context(), database.Name); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	f.status(t, database, 1, "PreparationStopped")
+	if err := f.api.Delete(t.Context(), database); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := f.service(t).Reconcile(t.Context(), database.Name); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	f.status(t, database, 1, "PreparationStopped")
+	if len(database.Finalizers) == 0 {
+		t.Fatal("本切片不得解除删除保护")
+	}
+	if _, err := f.bao.KVv2("secret").Get(t.Context(), path); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("删除流程不得在本切片清理凭据")
+	}
+}
+
+func testPreparationExisting(t *testing.T, f *preparationFixture) {
+	database, _ := f.bound(t, "existing")
+	store := fixtureStore(t, f.bao)
+	path, err := store.ProvisionPath(string(database.UID))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := store.Create(t.Context(), path, fixtureCredential(t)); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := f.service(t).Reconcile(t.Context(), database.Name); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	f.status(t, database, 0, binding.Conflict)
+	// 即使管理员删除了后端值，未解除的不确定状态也不能自动创建。
+	if err := f.bao.KVv2("secret").DeleteMetadata(t.Context(), path); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("无法清理隔离测试 key")
+	}
+	if err := f.service(t).Reconcile(t.Context(), database.Name); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if _, err := f.bao.KVv2("secret").Get(t.Context(), path); !errors.Is(err, bao.ErrSecretNotFound) {
+		t.Fatal("Conflict 重入不应生成替代凭据")
+	}
+}
+
+// 故障只注入确认保存边界；此前写入使用真实 API server 和 Bao。
+type failedConfirmationClient struct{ client.Client }
+
+func (c failedConfirmationClient) Status() client.SubResourceWriter {
+	return failedConfirmationWriter{SubResourceWriter: c.Client.Status()}
+}
+
+type failedConfirmationWriter struct{ client.SubResourceWriter }
+
+func (w failedConfirmationWriter) Update(ctx context.Context, object client.Object, options ...client.SubResourceUpdateOption) error {
+	if database, ok := object.(*databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabase); ok && database.Status.CredentialVersion > 0 {
+		return errors.New("fixture refuses confirmation update")
+	}
+	return w.SubResourceWriter.Update(ctx, object, options...)
+}
+
+func testPreparationLostConfirmation(t *testing.T, f *preparationFixture) {
+	database, _ := f.bound(t, "confirmation")
+	service := f.service(t)
+	service.Resources = &kubernetes.CredentialResources{Client: failedConfirmationClient{f.api}, Reader: f.api}
+	if err := service.Reconcile(t.Context(), database.Name); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("确认写入失败应返回 API 错误")
+	}
+	f.status(t, database, 0, "CreationStarted")
+	if err := f.service(t).Reconcile(t.Context(), database.Name); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	f.status(t, database, 0, binding.Conflict)
+	stored, err := f.bao.KVv2("secret").Get(t.Context(), database.Status.CredentialRef.Path)
+	if err != nil || stored.VersionMetadata.Version != 1 {
+		t.Fatal("写入结果必须保留且不能被重启认领")
+	}
+}
+
+type afterCreateStore struct {
+	application.CredentialStore
+	after func() error
+}
+
+func (s afterCreateStore) CreateCredential(ctx context.Context, location credentialdomain.Location, credential credentialdomain.ApplicationCredential) (int64, error) {
+	version, err := s.CredentialStore.CreateCredential(ctx, location, credential)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if err := s.after(); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	return version, nil
+}
+
+func testPreparationUncertain(t *testing.T, f *preparationFixture) {
+	database, _ := f.bound(t, "uncertain")
+	service := f.service(t)
+	service.Store = afterCreateStore{CredentialStore: service.Store, after: func() error { return application.ErrCredentialUncertain }}
+	if err := service.Reconcile(t.Context(), database.Name); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	f.status(t, database, 0, binding.Conflict)
+	if err := f.service(t).Reconcile(t.Context(), database.Name); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	f.status(t, database, 0, binding.Conflict)
+}
+
+func testPreparationChangedBinding(t *testing.T, f *preparationFixture) {
+	database, tenant := f.bound(t, "changed")
+	service := f.service(t)
+	service.Store = afterCreateStore{CredentialStore: service.Store, after: func() error {
+		return f.api.Delete(t.Context(), tenant)
+	}}
+	if err := service.Reconcile(t.Context(), database.Name); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("中途删除 Tenant 后不得确认凭据")
+	}
+	f.status(t, database, 0, "CreationStarted")
+	if err := f.service(t).Reconcile(t.Context(), database.Name); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	f.status(t, database, 0, binding.Conflict)
+}
+
+func testPreparationDependencies(t *testing.T, f *preparationFixture) {
+	database, _ := f.bound(t, "dependency")
+	denied := fixtureClient(t, f.bao.Address())
+	denied.ClearToken()
+	service := f.service(t)
+	service.Store = fixtureStore(t, denied)
+	if err := service.Reconcile(t.Context(), database.Name); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	f.status(t, database, 0, binding.DependencyUnavailable)
+	if err := f.service(t).Reconcile(t.Context(), database.Name); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	f.status(t, database, 1, "CredentialPrepared")
+	if err := service.Reconcile(t.Context(), database.Name); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	f.status(t, database, 1, binding.DependencyUnavailable)
+	if err := f.service(t).Reconcile(t.Context(), database.Name); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	f.status(t, database, 1, "CredentialPrepared")
+	moved, err := openbao.NewCredentials(f.bao, "other", "elsewhere")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	service.Store = moved
+	if err := service.Reconcile(t.Context(), database.Name); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	f.status(t, database, 1, binding.DependencyUnavailable)
+	if database.Status.CredentialRef.Mount != "secret" {
+		t.Fatal("配置变化不得迁移固定位置")
+	}
+	if err := f.bao.KVv2("secret").Delete(t.Context(), database.Status.CredentialRef.Path); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("无法准备测试软删除")
+	}
+	if err := f.service(t).Reconcile(t.Context(), database.Name); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	f.status(t, database, 1, binding.Conflict)
+}

internal/database/adapter/openbao/preparation_pruning_integration_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+//go:build integration
+
+package openbao_test
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+
+	bao "github.com/openbao/openbao/api/v2"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/client"
+
+	databasev1alpha1 "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/api/database/v1alpha1"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/adapter/kubernetes"
+)
+
+// 在 API 边界模拟旧 schema 裁剪位置字段；剩余写入仍由真实 API server 处理。
+type prunedLocationClient struct{ client.Client }
+
+func (c prunedLocationClient) Status() client.SubResourceWriter {
+	return prunedLocationWriter{SubResourceWriter: c.Client.Status()}
+}
+
+type prunedLocationWriter struct{ client.SubResourceWriter }
+
+func (w prunedLocationWriter) Update(ctx context.Context, object client.Object, options ...client.SubResourceUpdateOption) error {
+	if database, ok := object.(*databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabase); ok {
+		database.Status.CredentialRef = nil
+	}
+	return w.SubResourceWriter.Update(ctx, object, options...)
+}
+
+func testPreparationPruning(t *testing.T, f *preparationFixture) {
+	database, _ := f.bound(t, "pruning")
+	service := f.service(t)
+	service.Resources = &kubernetes.CredentialResources{Client: prunedLocationClient{f.api}, Reader: f.api}
+	if err := service.Reconcile(t.Context(), database.Name); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("API 未保留位置时不得继续供应")
+	}
+	location, err := service.Store.ProvisionLocation(string(database.UID))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if _, err := f.bao.KVv2(location.Mount).Get(t.Context(), location.Path); !errors.Is(err, bao.ErrSecretNotFound) {
+		t.Fatal("没有持久化位置时产生了外部凭据")
+	}
+	if err := f.service(t).Reconcile(t.Context(), database.Name); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	f.status(t, database, 1, "CredentialPrepared")
+}

internal/database/adapter/openbao/preparation_watch_integration_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+//go:build integration
+
+package openbao_test
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/adapter/kubernetes"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/application"
+
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/meta"
+	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
+	ctrl "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/client"
+	controllerconfig "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/config"
+	metricsserver "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/metrics/server"
+
+	databasev1alpha1 "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/api/database/v1alpha1"
+	databasecontroller "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/controller"
+)
+
+func testPreparationWatch(t *testing.T, f *preparationFixture) {
+	database, _ := f.bound(t, "watch")
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		if !t.Failed() {
+			return
+		}
+		if err := f.api.Get(context.Background(), client.ObjectKeyFromObject(database), database); err == nil {
+			if condition := meta.FindStatusCondition(database.Status.Conditions, "CredentialsReady"); condition != nil {
+				t.Logf("失败时凭据条件: %s: %s", condition.Reason, condition.Message)
+			}
+		}
+	})
+	instance := &databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLInstance{}
+	if err := f.api.Get(t.Context(), client.ObjectKey{Name: "watch"}, instance); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	setReady := func(ready metav1.ConditionStatus) {
+		t.Helper()
+		meta.SetStatusCondition(&instance.Status.Conditions, metav1.Condition{
+			Type: "Ready", Status: ready, Reason: "FixtureObservation", Message: "隔离测试前置观察", ObservedGeneration: instance.Generation,
+		})
+		if err := f.api.Status().Update(t.Context(), instance); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+	setReady(metav1.ConditionFalse)
+	stop := startPreparationManager(t, f)
+	waitForPreparation(t, func() bool {
+		if err := f.api.Get(t.Context(), client.ObjectKeyFromObject(database), database); err != nil {
+			return false
+		}
+		condition := meta.FindStatusCondition(database.Status.Conditions, "CredentialsReady")
+		return condition != nil && condition.Reason == "DependencyUnavailable"
+	})
+	if database.Status.CredentialRef != nil {
+		t.Fatal("Instance 未 Ready 时不应固定或写入凭据")
+	}
+	setReady(metav1.ConditionTrue)
+	waitForPreparation(t, func() bool {
+		return f.api.Get(t.Context(), client.ObjectKeyFromObject(database), database) == nil && database.Status.CredentialVersion == 1
+	})
+	stop()
+	// 重启真实 manager 后继续观察；不得只依赖旧进程中的记忆。
+	setReady(metav1.ConditionFalse)
+	stop = startPreparationManager(t, f)
+	defer stop()
+	waitForPreparation(t, func() bool {
+		if err := f.api.Get(t.Context(), client.ObjectKeyFromObject(database), database); err != nil {
+			return false
+		}
+		condition := meta.FindStatusCondition(database.Status.Conditions, "CredentialsReady")
+		return condition != nil && condition.Status == metav1.ConditionFalse && condition.Reason == "DependencyUnavailable"
+	})
+	setReady(metav1.ConditionTrue)
+	waitForPreparation(t, func() bool {
+		if err := f.api.Get(t.Context(), client.ObjectKeyFromObject(database), database); err != nil {
+			return false
+		}
+		condition := meta.FindStatusCondition(database.Status.Conditions, "CredentialsReady")
+		return condition != nil && condition.Status == metav1.ConditionTrue && database.Status.CredentialVersion == 1
+	})
+	stored, err := f.bao.KVv2("secret").Get(t.Context(), database.Status.CredentialRef.Path)
+	if err != nil || stored.VersionMetadata.Version != 1 {
+		t.Fatal("manager 重启不得重建凭据")
+	}
+}
+
+func startPreparationManager(t *testing.T, f *preparationFixture) func() {
+	t.Helper()
+	manager, err := ctrl.NewManager(f.config, ctrl.Options{
+		Scheme: f.scheme, Metrics: metricsserver.Options{BindAddress: "0"}, HealthProbeBindAddress: "0",
+		// 测试在同一进程顺序重启 manager；旧 worker 已停止，但名称注册表仍是进程级。
+		Controller: controllerconfig.Controller{SkipNameValidation: new(true)},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	bindingResources := &kubernetes.BindingResources{Client: manager.GetClient(), Reader: manager.GetAPIReader()}
+	binder := databasecontroller.NewBindingReconciler(manager.GetClient(), &application.BindingService{Resources: bindingResources}, bindingResources)
+	if err := binder.SetupWithManager(t.Context(), manager); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	credentialResources := &kubernetes.CredentialResources{Client: manager.GetClient(), Reader: manager.GetAPIReader()}
+	preparation := &application.CredentialPreparation{Resources: credentialResources, Store: fixtureStore(t, f.bao)}
+	if err := databasecontroller.NewCredentialReconciler(manager.GetClient(), preparation).SetupWithManager(manager); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(t.Context())
+	done := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() { done <- manager.Start(ctx) }()
+	stopped := false
+	stop := func() {
+		if stopped {
+			return
+		}
+		stopped = true
+		cancel()
+		select {
+		case err := <-done:
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Error(err)
+			}
+		case <-time.After(20 * time.Second):
+			t.Error("凭据 manager 未停止")
+		}
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(stop)
+	return stop
+}
+
+func waitForPreparation(t *testing.T, check func() bool) {
+	t.Helper()
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(10 * time.Second)
+	for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
+		if check() {
+			return
+		}
+		time.Sleep(20 * time.Millisecond)
+	}
+	t.Fatal("凭据 watch 没有在低频重查之前驱动协调")
+}

internal/database/adapter/postgresql/instance_controller_integration_test.go

@@ -68,7 +68,9 @@ func TestInstanceControllerWithRealPostgreSQL(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	reconciler := &databasecontroller.InstanceReconciler{Observer: service, SecretNamespace: controllerNamespace}
+	resources := &secretadapter.InstanceResources{Client: manager.GetClient(), Reader: manager.GetAPIReader()}
+	usecase := &application.InstanceReconciliation{Resources: resources, Observer: service}
+	reconciler := databasecontroller.NewInstanceReconciler(manager.GetClient(), usecase, resources, controllerNamespace)
 	if err := reconciler.SetupWithManager(manager); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}

internal/database/application/credential_preparation.go

@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+package application
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+
+	credentialdomain "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/domain/credential"
+)
+
+var (
+	ErrCredentialLocation    = errors.New("credential location is outside the configured scope")
+	ErrCredentialUnavailable = errors.New("credential backend unavailable")
+	ErrCredentialNotFound    = errors.New("application credential not found")
+	ErrCredentialConflict    = errors.New("credential creation requires manual conflict resolution")
+	ErrCredentialUncertain   = errors.New("credential creation outcome is uncertain; manual resolution required")
+)
+
+// CredentialStore 只表达本用例需要的凭据操作，不提供覆盖或删除。
+// version=0 的读取只用于观察是否已有值，成功不能作为认领依据。
+type CredentialStore interface {
+	ProvisionLocation(string) (credentialdomain.Location, error)
+	ReadCredential(context.Context, credentialdomain.Location, int64) (credentialdomain.ApplicationCredential, error)
+	CreateCredential(context.Context, credentialdomain.Location, credentialdomain.ApplicationCredential) (int64, error)
+}
+
+// CredentialRecord 是同一轮观察的事实，状态中永远不保存密码。
+type CredentialRecord struct {
+	credentialdomain.Target
+	Revision           string
+	TenantGeneration   int64
+	InstanceGeneration int64
+	Status             credentialdomain.State
+}
+
+// CredentialResources 的写入必须检查 Database UID/resourceVersion，保留其他状态。
+// CheckCurrent 在外部操作前后回读本轮三个资源，拒绝陈旧快照；它不是跨系统事务。
+type CredentialResources interface {
+	Load(context.Context, string) (*CredentialRecord, error)
+	Save(context.Context, *CredentialRecord, credentialdomain.State) (*CredentialRecord, error)
+	CheckCurrent(context.Context, *CredentialRecord) error
+}
+
+type CredentialPreparation struct {
+	Resources CredentialResources
+	Store     CredentialStore
+}
+
+func (s CredentialPreparation) Reconcile(ctx context.Context, name string) error {
+	record, err := s.Resources.Load(ctx, name)
+	if err != nil || record == nil || !record.RequiresPreparation() {
+		return err
+	}
+	if state, canContinue := record.Status.Resume(); !canContinue {
+		if state == record.Status {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return s.report(ctx, record, state.Phase, state.Message)
+	}
+	if issue := record.Check(); issue != nil {
+		return s.report(ctx, record, issue.Phase, issue.Message)
+	}
+	location, err := s.Store.ProvisionLocation(record.Database.Identity.UID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return s.report(ctx, record, credentialdomain.Unavailable, "凭据存储位置配置无效，未执行外部写入")
+	}
+	if issue := record.Status.CheckLocation(location); issue != nil {
+		return s.report(ctx, record, issue.Phase, issue.Message)
+	}
+	if record.Status.Location == nil {
+		status := record.Status
+		status.Location = &location
+		status = status.WithPhase(credentialdomain.Pinned, "凭据位置已固定，等待创建")
+		record, err = s.Resources.Save(ctx, record, status)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	if record.Status.Confirmed() {
+		return s.observe(ctx, record)
+	}
+	return s.create(ctx, record)
+}
+
+func (s CredentialPreparation) create(ctx context.Context, record *CredentialRecord) error {
+	_, err := s.Store.ReadCredential(ctx, *record.Status.Location, 0)
+	if err == nil || errors.Is(err, credentialdomain.ErrApplicationCredentialInvalid) {
+		return s.report(ctx, record, credentialdomain.Conflict, "固定位置已有未确认的凭据；请人工核实，未认领或覆盖")
+	}
+	if !errors.Is(err, ErrCredentialNotFound) {
+		return s.report(ctx, record, credentialdomain.Unavailable, "创建前无法确认凭据位置是否为空，等待依赖恢复")
+	}
+	credential, err := credentialdomain.GenerateApplicationCredential(record.Database.LoginRole, record.Database.Name, record.Instance.Endpoint)
+	if err != nil {
+		return s.report(ctx, record, credentialdomain.InvalidTarget, "应用凭据目标无效，未执行外部写入")
+	}
+	status := record.Status
+	status = status.WithPhase(credentialdomain.Creating, "凭据创建已开始；尚无成功确认时不得重入创建")
+	record, err = s.Resources.Save(ctx, record, status)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := s.Resources.CheckCurrent(ctx, record); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	version, err := s.Store.CreateCredential(ctx, *record.Status.Location, credential)
+	if errors.Is(err, ErrCredentialUnavailable) {
+		// 适配器只在明确未执行写入（认证拒绝或请求前取消）时返回此错误。
+		return s.report(ctx, record, credentialdomain.Unavailable, "凭据创建在执行前被拒绝，等待认证或权限恢复")
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return s.report(ctx, record, credentialdomain.Conflict,
+			"凭据创建冲突或结果不确定；请核对固定位置的版本历史，未认领、覆盖或重新生成密码")
+	}
+	confirmed, issue := record.Status.Created(version)
+	if issue != nil {
+		return s.report(ctx, record, issue.Phase, issue.Message)
+	}
+	if err := s.Resources.CheckCurrent(ctx, record); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	_, err = s.Resources.Save(ctx, record, confirmed)
+	return err
+}
+
+func (s CredentialPreparation) observe(ctx context.Context, record *CredentialRecord) error {
+	credential, err := s.Store.ReadCredential(ctx, *record.Status.Location, record.Status.Version)
+	if errors.Is(err, ErrCredentialConflict) || errors.Is(err, ErrCredentialNotFound) {
+		return s.report(ctx, record, credentialdomain.Conflict, "已确认凭据消失、版本变化或内容无效；请人工核实，未生成替代密码")
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return s.report(ctx, record, credentialdomain.Unavailable, "已确认凭据暂时无法读取；保留确认版本，等待依赖恢复")
+	}
+	if issue := record.CheckCredential(credential); issue != nil {
+		return s.report(ctx, record, issue.Phase, issue.Message)
+	}
+	if err := s.Resources.CheckCurrent(ctx, record); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	status := record.Status
+	status.Phase = credentialdomain.Prepared
+	status.Message = "已确认凭据可读取；尚未验证 PostgreSQL 资源或完成 Tenant 交付"
+	_, err = s.Resources.Save(ctx, record, status)
+	return err
+}
+
+func (s CredentialPreparation) report(ctx context.Context, record *CredentialRecord, phase credentialdomain.Phase, message string) error {
+	status := record.Status
+	status.Phase = phase
+	status.Message = fmt.Sprintf("Database %s：%s", record.Database.Identity.Name, message)
+	_, err := s.Resources.Save(ctx, record, status)
+	return err
+}

internal/database/application/credential_preparation_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+package application
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+
+	credentialdomain "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/domain/credential"
+
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/domain/binding"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/domain/instance"
+)
+
+const (
+	preparationInstanceName = "credential-instance"
+	preparationInstanceUID  = "credential-instance-uid"
+)
+
+func preparationRecord(t *testing.T) *CredentialRecord {
+	t.Helper()
+	tenant := binding.TenantIdentity{Namespace: bindingTestNamespace, Name: bindingTestName, UID: "credential-tenant-uid"}
+	database := binding.Identity{Name: binding.DynamicDatabaseName(tenant.UID), UID: "credential-database-uid"}
+	endpoint, err := instance.NewEndpoint(instance.EndpointValues{
+		Host: "postgres.example", HostAddr: "192.0.2.1", Port: 5432, ManagementDatabase: "management", TLSMode: instance.TLSVerifyFull,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return &CredentialRecord{
+		Database: binding.Database{
+			Identity: database, Instance: preparationInstanceName, InstanceUID: preparationInstanceUID, Name: bindingTestName, LoginRole: bindingTestName, Source: "Provision", Tenant: &tenant,
+		},
+		Tenant: &binding.Tenant{
+			Identity: tenant, Phase: binding.Bound, Database: &database,
+			Request: binding.Request{Provision: &binding.ProvisionRequest{Instance: preparationInstanceName}},
+		},
+		Instance:          &credentialdomain.Instance{Identity: binding.Identity{Name: preparationInstanceName, UID: preparationInstanceUID}, Ready: true, Endpoint: endpoint},
+		DatabaseProtected: true, TenantProtected: true,
+	}
+}
+
+type memoryCredentialResources struct {
+	record     *CredentialRecord
+	saveError  error
+	checkError error
+}
+
+func (r *memoryCredentialResources) Load(context.Context, string) (*CredentialRecord, error) {
+	copy := *r.record
+	return &copy, nil
+}
+
+func (r *memoryCredentialResources) Save(_ context.Context, record *CredentialRecord, status credentialdomain.State) (*CredentialRecord, error) {
+	if r.saveError != nil {
+		return nil, r.saveError
+	}
+	copy := *record
+	copy.Status = status
+	r.record = &copy
+	return &copy, nil
+}
+
+func (r *memoryCredentialResources) CheckCurrent(context.Context, *CredentialRecord) error {
+	return r.checkError
+}
+
+type preparationStore struct {
+	reads       int
+	creates     int
+	readError   error
+	createError error
+}
+
+func (*preparationStore) ProvisionLocation(uid string) (credentialdomain.Location, error) {
+	return credentialdomain.Location{Mount: "applications", Path: "database/" + uid}, nil
+}
+
+func (s *preparationStore) ReadCredential(context.Context, credentialdomain.Location, int64) (credentialdomain.ApplicationCredential, error) {
+	s.reads++
+	return credentialdomain.ApplicationCredential{}, s.readError
+}
+
+func (s *preparationStore) CreateCredential(context.Context, credentialdomain.Location, credentialdomain.ApplicationCredential) (int64, error) {
+	s.creates++
+	if s.createError != nil {
+		return 0, s.createError
+	}
+	return 1, nil
+}
+
+func TestCredentialPreparationGates(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, test := range []struct {
+		name   string
+		change func(*CredentialRecord)
+	}{
+		{"导入不供应", func(r *CredentialRecord) { r.Database.Source = "Import" }},
+		{"删除中的资源", func(r *CredentialRecord) { r.Database.Deleting = true }},
+		{"已释放资源", func(r *CredentialRecord) { r.Database.Phase = "Released" }},
+		{"缺少资源保护", func(r *CredentialRecord) { r.DatabaseProtected = false }},
+		{"缺少申请保护", func(r *CredentialRecord) { r.TenantProtected = false }},
+		{"单向绑定", func(r *CredentialRecord) { r.Tenant.Database = nil }},
+		{"删除中的申请", func(r *CredentialRecord) { r.Tenant.Deleting = true }},
+		{"申请尚未Bound", func(r *CredentialRecord) { r.Tenant.Phase = binding.Binding }},
+		{"旧申请身份", func(r *CredentialRecord) { r.Tenant.Identity.UID = "new-tenant" }},
+		{"旧资源身份", func(r *CredentialRecord) { r.Tenant.Database.UID = "new-database" }},
+		{"Instance未出现", func(r *CredentialRecord) { r.Instance = nil }},
+		{"Instance正在删除", func(r *CredentialRecord) { r.Instance.Deleting = true }},
+		{"Instance未Ready", func(r *CredentialRecord) { r.Instance.Ready = false }},
+		{"Instance身份未记录", func(r *CredentialRecord) { r.Database.InstanceUID = "" }},
+		{"Instance同名重建", func(r *CredentialRecord) { r.Instance.Identity.UID = "new-instance" }},
+		{"目标不一致", func(r *CredentialRecord) { r.Database.LoginRole = "another_owner" }},
+	} {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			record := preparationRecord(t)
+			test.change(record)
+			resources := &memoryCredentialResources{record: record}
+			store := &preparationStore{readError: ErrCredentialNotFound}
+			if err := (CredentialPreparation{Resources: resources, Store: store}).Reconcile(t.Context(), record.Database.Identity.Name); err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			if store.reads != 0 || store.creates != 0 || resources.record.Status.Version != 0 {
+				t.Fatal("前置条件不满足时不得读取、创建或确认凭据")
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCredentialPreparationWriteBoundary(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, test := range []struct {
+		name        string
+		saveError   bool
+		stale       bool
+		createError error
+		wantError   bool
+		wantCreates int
+		wantVersion int64
+	}{
+		{name: "位置无法保存", saveError: true, wantError: true},
+		{name: "外部操作前快照变化", stale: true, wantError: true},
+		{name: "明确权限拒绝", createError: ErrCredentialUnavailable, wantCreates: 1},
+		{name: "创建结果不确定", createError: ErrCredentialUncertain, wantCreates: 1},
+		{name: "并发创建冲突", createError: ErrCredentialConflict, wantCreates: 1},
+		{name: "创建与回读成功", wantCreates: 1, wantVersion: 1},
+	} {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			resources := &memoryCredentialResources{record: preparationRecord(t)}
+			if test.saveError {
+				resources.saveError = errors.New("fixture write failure")
+			}
+			if test.stale {
+				resources.checkError = errors.New("fixture stale observation")
+			}
+			store := &preparationStore{readError: ErrCredentialNotFound, createError: test.createError}
+			service := CredentialPreparation{Resources: resources, Store: store}
+			err := service.Reconcile(t.Context(), resources.record.Database.Identity.Name)
+			if (err != nil) != test.wantError || store.creates != test.wantCreates || resources.record.Status.Version != test.wantVersion {
+				t.Fatal("外部写入边界或确认时机不符合预期")
+			}
+			if test.createError == ErrCredentialUncertain || test.stale {
+				resources.checkError = nil
+				if err := service.Reconcile(t.Context(), resources.record.Database.Identity.Name); err != nil {
+					t.Fatal(err)
+				}
+				if store.creates != test.wantCreates || resources.record.Status.Phase != credentialdomain.Conflict {
+					t.Fatal("未确认创建重入时不得生成替代密码")
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

internal/database/controller/binding_controller.go

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"time"
 
-	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/adapter/kubernetes"
 	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/application"
 	ctrl "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/client"
@@ -14,8 +13,17 @@ import (
 const dependencyRetry = 30 * time.Second
 
 type BindingReconciler struct {
-	Client client.Client
+	Client    client.Client
-	Reader client.Reader
+	Service   *application.BindingService
+	Presenter BindingPresenter
+}
+
+type BindingPresenter interface {
+	Present(context.Context, application.BindingResult) error
+}
+
+func NewBindingReconciler(cache client.Client, service *application.BindingService, presenter BindingPresenter) *BindingReconciler {
+	return &BindingReconciler{Client: cache, Service: service, Presenter: presenter}
 }
 
 // +kubebuilder:rbac:groups=database.ayatori.ddupan.top,resources=postgresqltenants,verbs=get;list;watch;update;patch
@@ -27,13 +35,11 @@ type BindingReconciler struct {
 // +kubebuilder:rbac:groups=database.ayatori.ddupan.top,resources=postgresqlinstances,verbs=get;list;watch
 
 func (r *BindingReconciler) Reconcile(ctx context.Context, request ctrl.Request) (ctrl.Result, error) {
-	resources := &kubernetes.BindingResources{Client: r.Client, Reader: r.Reader}
+	result, err := r.Service.Reconcile(ctx, request.Namespace, request.Name)
-	service := application.BindingService{Resources: resources}
-	result, err := service.Reconcile(ctx, request.Namespace, request.Name)
 	if err != nil {
 		return ctrl.Result{}, err
 	}
-	if err := resources.Present(ctx, result); err != nil {
+	if err := r.Presenter.Present(ctx, result); err != nil {
 		return ctrl.Result{}, err
 	}
 	if result.RetrySoon {

internal/database/controller/binding_controller_test.go

@@ -42,6 +42,11 @@ func targetDatabaseName(tenant *databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLTenant) string {
 	return "tenant-" + string(tenant.UID)
 }
 
+func bindingTestReconciler(writer client.Client, reader client.Reader) *BindingReconciler {
+	resources := &kubernetes.BindingResources{Client: writer, Reader: reader}
+	return NewBindingReconciler(writer, &application.BindingService{Resources: resources}, resources)
+}
+
 func tenantReference(tenant *databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLTenant) *databasev1alpha1.TenantReference {
 	return &databasev1alpha1.TenantReference{
 		Namespace: tenant.Namespace, Name: databasev1alpha1.ObjectName(tenant.Name), UID: tenant.UID,
@@ -103,7 +108,7 @@ func testDynamicBinding(t *testing.T, apiClient client.Client) {
 	instance := readyInstance(t, apiClient, "dynamic-instance")
 	tenant := provisionTenant("dynamic", instance.Name)
 	requireCreate(t, apiClient, tenant)
-	reconciler := &BindingReconciler{Client: apiClient, Reader: apiClient}
+	reconciler := bindingTestReconciler(apiClient, apiClient)
 	reconcileOK(t, reconciler, tenant)
 	reload(t, apiClient, tenant)
 	if tenant.Status.DatabaseRef == nil || tenant.Status.Phase != phaseBound {
@@ -154,7 +159,7 @@ func testBindingRestart(t *testing.T, apiClient client.Client) {
 	instance := readyInstance(t, apiClient, "restart-instance")
 	tenant := provisionTenant("restart", instance.Name)
 	requireCreate(t, apiClient, tenant)
-	first := &BindingReconciler{Client: &failedTenantStatusClient{Client: apiClient}, Reader: apiClient}
+	first := bindingTestReconciler(&failedTenantStatusClient{Client: apiClient}, apiClient)
 	if _, err := first.Reconcile(t.Context(), ctrl.Request{NamespacedName: client.ObjectKeyFromObject(tenant)}); err == nil {
 		t.Fatal("预期第二次绑定写入失败")
 	}
@@ -169,7 +174,7 @@ func testBindingRestart(t *testing.T, apiClient client.Client) {
 		t.Fatal("失败后资源侧绑定不应回滚")
 	}
 	// 新建 reconciler，无旧内存，只从 API 中读取进度。
-	restarted := &BindingReconciler{Client: apiClient, Reader: apiClient}
+	restarted := bindingTestReconciler(apiClient, apiClient)
 	reconcileOK(t, restarted, tenant)
 	reload(t, apiClient, tenant)
 	if tenant.Status.DatabaseRef == nil || tenant.Status.DatabaseRef.UID != database.UID {
@@ -190,7 +195,7 @@ func testConcurrentBinding(t *testing.T, apiClient client.Client) {
 	results := make(chan error, len(tenants))
 	for _, tenant := range tenants {
 		workers.Go(func() {
-			reconciler := &BindingReconciler{Client: apiClient, Reader: apiClient}
+			reconciler := bindingTestReconciler(apiClient, apiClient)
 			_, err := reconciler.Reconcile(t.Context(), ctrl.Request{NamespacedName: client.ObjectKeyFromObject(tenant)})
 			results <- err
 		})
@@ -202,7 +207,7 @@ func testConcurrentBinding(t *testing.T, apiClient client.Client) {
 			t.Fatalf("并发协调出现非版本冲突错误: %v", err)
 		}
 	}
-	reconciler := &BindingReconciler{Client: apiClient, Reader: apiClient}
+	reconciler := bindingTestReconciler(apiClient, apiClient)
 	bound := 0
 	for _, tenant := range tenants {
 		reconcileOK(t, reconciler, tenant)
@@ -233,7 +238,7 @@ func testBindingIdentity(t *testing.T, apiClient client.Client) {
 	}
 	tenant := existingTenant("identity", database.Name)
 	requireCreate(t, apiClient, tenant)
-	reconciler := &BindingReconciler{Client: apiClient, Reader: apiClient}
+	reconciler := bindingTestReconciler(apiClient, apiClient)
 	reconcileOK(t, reconciler, tenant)
 	reload(t, apiClient, tenant)
 	assertNotReady(t, tenant, reasonConflict)
@@ -256,7 +261,7 @@ func testBindingIdentity(t *testing.T, apiClient client.Client) {
 func testBindingProtection(t *testing.T, apiClient client.Client) {
 	tenant := provisionTenant("protection", "missing-instance")
 	requireCreate(t, apiClient, tenant)
-	reconciler := &BindingReconciler{Client: apiClient, Reader: apiClient}
+	reconciler := bindingTestReconciler(apiClient, apiClient)
 	reconcileOK(t, reconciler, tenant)
 	reload(t, apiClient, tenant)
 	assertNotReady(t, tenant, reasonDependency)
@@ -292,7 +297,7 @@ func testStaleObservation(t *testing.T, apiClient client.Client) {
 	}
 	tenant := existingTenant("stale", database.Name)
 	requireCreate(t, apiClient, tenant)
-	reconciler := &BindingReconciler{Client: apiClient, Reader: apiClient}
+	reconciler := bindingTestReconciler(apiClient, apiClient)
 	reconcileOK(t, reconciler, tenant)
 	reload(t, apiClient, tenant)
 	assertNotReady(t, tenant, reasonDependency)
@@ -318,7 +323,7 @@ func testBindingWatch(t *testing.T, apiClient client.Client, config *rest.Config
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	reconciler := &BindingReconciler{}
+	reconciler := bindingTestReconciler(manager.GetClient(), manager.GetAPIReader())
 	if err := reconciler.SetupWithManager(t.Context(), manager); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -373,7 +378,7 @@ func testPresentationVersion(t *testing.T, apiClient client.Client) {
 	if err := resources.Present(t.Context(), result); !apierrors.IsConflict(err) {
 		t.Fatalf("过期结果呈现 = %v, want Conflict", err)
 	}
-	reconcileOK(t, &BindingReconciler{Client: apiClient, Reader: apiClient}, tenant)
+	reconcileOK(t, bindingTestReconciler(apiClient, apiClient), tenant)
 	reload(t, apiClient, tenant)
 	if tenant.Status.Phase != phaseBound || tenant.Spec.SecretName != "updated-delivery" ||
 		tenant.Annotations["example.test/keep"] != "preserved" {

internal/database/controller/binding_setup.go

@@ -2,9 +2,10 @@ package controller
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 
 	databasev1alpha1 "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/api/database/v1alpha1"
-	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/adapter/kubernetes"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/domain/binding"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/types"
 	ctrl "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/client"
@@ -14,16 +15,16 @@ import (
 const targetDatabaseIndex = "database.bindingTarget"
 
 func (r *BindingReconciler) SetupWithManager(ctx context.Context, manager ctrl.Manager) error {
-	if r.Client == nil {
+	if r.Client == nil || r.Service == nil || r.Presenter == nil {
-		r.Client = manager.GetClient()
+		return errors.New("binding controller requires injected client, use case and presenter")
-	}
-	if r.Reader == nil {
-		r.Reader = manager.GetAPIReader()
 	}
 	if err := manager.GetFieldIndexer().IndexField(ctx, &databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLTenant{},
 		targetDatabaseIndex, func(object client.Object) []string {
 			tenant := object.(*databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLTenant)
-			return []string{kubernetes.BindingTargetName(tenant)}
+			if tenant.Spec.DatabaseRef != nil {
+				return []string{string(tenant.Spec.DatabaseRef.Name)}
+			}
+			return []string{binding.DynamicDatabaseName(string(tenant.UID))}
 		}); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

internal/database/controller/credential_controller.go

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+package controller
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+
+	databasev1alpha1 "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/api/database/v1alpha1"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/application"
+	ctrl "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/client"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/handler"
+)
+
+// CredentialReconciler 只连接事件、用例和重试，不在控制器中编排凭据写入。
+type CredentialReconciler struct {
+	Client  client.Client
+	Service *application.CredentialPreparation
+}
+
+func NewCredentialReconciler(cache client.Client, service *application.CredentialPreparation) *CredentialReconciler {
+	return &CredentialReconciler{Client: cache, Service: service}
+}
+
+func (r *CredentialReconciler) Reconcile(ctx context.Context, request ctrl.Request) (ctrl.Result, error) {
+	if err := r.Service.Reconcile(ctx, request.Name); err != nil {
+		return ctrl.Result{}, err
+	}
+	// Bao 的可用性和版本变化没有 Kubernetes watch；与已有依赖重查保持一致。
+	return ctrl.Result{RequeueAfter: dependencyRetry}, nil
+}
+
+func (r *CredentialReconciler) SetupWithManager(manager ctrl.Manager) error {
+	if r.Client == nil || r.Service == nil {
+		return errors.New("credential controller requires injected client and use case")
+	}
+	return ctrl.NewControllerManagedBy(manager).
+		Named("database-credentials").For(&databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabase{}).
+		Watches(&databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLTenant{}, handler.EnqueueRequestsFromMapFunc(r.requestsForTenant)).
+		Watches(&databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLInstance{}, handler.EnqueueRequestsFromMapFunc(r.requestsForInstance)).
+		Complete(r)
+}
+
+func (r *CredentialReconciler) requestsForTenant(_ context.Context, object client.Object) []ctrl.Request {
+	tenant := object.(*databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLTenant)
+	if tenant.Status.DatabaseRef == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return []ctrl.Request{{Name: string(tenant.Status.DatabaseRef.Name)}}
+}
+
+func (r *CredentialReconciler) requestsForInstance(ctx context.Context, object client.Object) []ctrl.Request {
+	databases := &databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabaseList{}
+	if err := r.Client.List(ctx, databases); err != nil {
+		ctrl.LoggerFrom(ctx).Error(err, "无法映射 Instance 凭据准备事件；等待低频重试")
+		return nil
+	}
+	var requests []ctrl.Request
+	for _, database := range databases.Items {
+		if string(database.Spec.InstanceRef.Name) == object.GetName() {
+			requests = append(requests, ctrl.Request{NamespacedName: client.ObjectKeyFromObject(&database)})
+		}
+	}
+	return requests
+}

internal/database/controller/instance_controller.go

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"time"
 
-	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/adapter/kubernetes"
 	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/application"
 	ctrl "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/client"
@@ -12,27 +11,33 @@ import (
 
 type InstanceReconciler struct {
 	Client          client.Client
-	Reader          client.Reader
+	Service         *application.InstanceReconciliation
-	Observer        application.InstanceObserver
+	Presenter       InstancePresenter
 	SecretNamespace string
 }
 
+type InstancePresenter interface {
+	PresentInstance(context.Context, application.InstanceResult) error
+}
+
+func NewInstanceReconciler(cache client.Client, service *application.InstanceReconciliation, presenter InstancePresenter, namespace string) *InstanceReconciler {
+	return &InstanceReconciler{Client: cache, Service: service, Presenter: presenter, SecretNamespace: namespace}
+}
+
 // +kubebuilder:rbac:groups=database.ayatori.ddupan.top,resources=postgresqlinstances,verbs=get;list;watch;update;patch
 // +kubebuilder:rbac:groups=database.ayatori.ddupan.top,resources=postgresqlinstances/status,verbs=get;update;patch
 // +kubebuilder:rbac:groups=database.ayatori.ddupan.top,resources=postgresqlinstances/finalizers,verbs=update
 // Secret 权限单独声明为 namespace Role，不放入生成的 ClusterRole。
 
 func (r *InstanceReconciler) Reconcile(ctx context.Context, request ctrl.Request) (ctrl.Result, error) {
-	resources := &kubernetes.InstanceResources{Client: r.Client, Reader: r.Reader}
-	service := application.InstanceReconciliation{Resources: resources, Observer: r.Observer}
 	observationContext, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 15*time.Second)
 	defer cancel()
-	result, err := service.Reconcile(observationContext, request.Name)
+	result, err := r.Service.Reconcile(observationContext, request.Name)
 	if err != nil {
 		return ctrl.Result{}, err
 	}
 	// 查询超时后仍用 worker context 保存安全失败结果；manager 停止时不强行写入。
-	if err := resources.PresentInstance(ctx, result); err != nil {
+	if err := r.Presenter.PresentInstance(ctx, result); err != nil {
 		return ctrl.Result{}, err
 	}
 	if result.Record == nil || result.RemoveProtection {

internal/database/controller/instance_controller_test.go

@@ -52,7 +52,8 @@ func newInstanceReconciler(t *testing.T, apiClient client.Client, backend *insta
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 	t.Cleanup(service.Close)
-	return &InstanceReconciler{Client: apiClient, Reader: apiClient, Observer: service}
+	resources := &kubernetes.InstanceResources{Client: apiClient, Reader: apiClient}
+	return NewInstanceReconciler(apiClient, &application.InstanceReconciliation{Resources: resources, Observer: service}, resources, "")
 }
 
 func reconcileInstance(t *testing.T, reconciler *InstanceReconciler, object *databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLInstance) {
@@ -164,11 +165,11 @@ func TestInstanceDeletionProtection(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 	backend.inspect = func() { t.Fatal("删除中不应连接 PostgreSQL") }
-	reconciler.Reader = &failedReferenceReader{Reader: apiClient}
+	reconciler.Service.Resources.(*kubernetes.InstanceResources).Reader = &failedReferenceReader{Reader: apiClient}
 	reconcileInstance(t, reconciler, object)
 	reload(t, apiClient, object)
 	assertInstanceReason(t, object, reasonDependency)
-	reconciler.Reader = apiClient
+	reconciler.Service.Resources.(*kubernetes.InstanceResources).Reader = apiClient
 	reconcileInstance(t, reconciler, object)
 	reload(t, apiClient, object)
 	assertInstanceReason(t, object, "InstanceInUse")

internal/database/controller/instance_setup.go

@@ -22,15 +22,9 @@ func InstanceCacheOptions(namespace string) cache.Options {
 }
 
 func (r *InstanceReconciler) SetupWithManager(manager ctrl.Manager) error {
-	if r.Observer == nil || len(validation.IsDNS1123Label(r.SecretNamespace)) != 0 {
+	if r.Client == nil || r.Service == nil || r.Presenter == nil || len(validation.IsDNS1123Label(r.SecretNamespace)) != 0 {
 		return errors.New("instance observer and valid management Secret namespace required")
 	}
-	if r.Client == nil {
-		r.Client = manager.GetClient()
-	}
-	if r.Reader == nil {
-		r.Reader = manager.GetAPIReader()
-	}
 	return ctrl.NewControllerManagedBy(manager).
 		Named("database-instance").
 		For(&databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLInstance{}).

internal/database/domain/credential/credential.go

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 limitations under the License.
 */
 
-package application
+package credential
 
 import (
 	"crypto/rand"
@@ -88,6 +88,13 @@ func (c ApplicationCredential) Validate() error {
 	return err
 }
 
+// MatchesTarget 只比较连接目标，不向用例暴露密码；管理库名不是应用连接目标的一部分。
+func (c ApplicationCredential) MatchesTarget(username, database string, endpoint instance.Endpoint) bool {
+	actual, wanted := c.endpoint.Values(), endpoint.Values()
+	return c.username == username && c.database == database && actual.Host == wanted.Host &&
+		actual.HostAddr == wanted.HostAddr && actual.Port == wanted.Port && actual.TLSMode == wanted.TLSMode
+}
+
 // ParseApplicationCredential 拒绝缺键、非字符串或非法连接参数，不回显后端内容。
 func ParseApplicationCredential(data map[string]any) (ApplicationCredential, error) {
 	values := make(map[string]string, 7)

internal/database/domain/credential/credential_test.go

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 limitations under the License.
 */
 
-package application_test
+package credential_test
 
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
@@ -23,7 +23,8 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
-	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/application"
+	credentialdomain "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/domain/credential"
+
 	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/domain/instance"
 )
 
@@ -35,11 +36,11 @@ func TestApplicationCredential(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	first, err := application.GenerateApplicationCredential("owner", "app", endpoint)
+	first, err := credentialdomain.GenerateApplicationCredential("owner", "app", endpoint)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	second, err := application.GenerateApplicationCredential("owner", "app", endpoint)
+	second, err := credentialdomain.GenerateApplicationCredential("owner", "app", endpoint)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ func TestApplicationCredential(t *testing.T) {
 	if len(data) != 7 || data["password"] == second.SecretData()["password"] || len(data["password"].(string)) != 43 {
 		t.Fatal("expected seven keys and independent 256-bit passwords")
 	}
-	parsed, err := application.ParseApplicationCredential(data)
+	parsed, err := credentialdomain.ParseApplicationCredential(data)
 	if err != nil || !maps.Equal(parsed.SecretData(), data) {
 		t.Fatal("credential did not round trip")
 	}
@@ -67,15 +68,15 @@ func TestApplicationCredential(t *testing.T) {
 	for key := range data {
 		invalid := maps.Clone(data)
 		delete(invalid, key)
-		if _, err := application.ParseApplicationCredential(invalid); err == nil {
+		if _, err := credentialdomain.ParseApplicationCredential(invalid); err == nil {
 			t.Fatalf("accepted missing %s", key)
 		}
 		invalid[key] = 42
-		if _, err := application.ParseApplicationCredential(invalid); err == nil {
+		if _, err := credentialdomain.ParseApplicationCredential(invalid); err == nil {
 			t.Fatalf("accepted non-string %s", key)
 		}
 	}
-	if (application.ApplicationCredential{}).Validate() == nil {
+	if (credentialdomain.ApplicationCredential{}).Validate() == nil {
 		t.Fatal("accepted zero credential")
 	}
 }

internal/database/domain/credential/preparation.go

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+package credential
+
+import (
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/domain/binding"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/domain/instance"
+)
+
+type Location struct {
+	Mount string
+	Path  string
+}
+
+// Phase 表达凭据准备进度，不依赖 Kubernetes Condition 的类型或 Reason。
+type Phase uint8
+
+const (
+	Pending Phase = iota
+	Pinned
+	Creating
+	Prepared
+	Conflict
+	Unavailable
+	Stopped
+	InvalidTarget
+)
+
+type State struct {
+	Location *Location
+	Version  int64
+	Phase    Phase
+	Message  string
+}
+
+func (s State) WithPhase(phase Phase, message string) State {
+	s.Phase, s.Message = phase, message
+	return s
+}
+
+func (s State) Confirmed() bool { return s.Version > 0 }
+
+// Created 只接受首次创建并回读得到的版本，不能把后续写入认作首次供应。
+func (s State) Created(version int64) (State, *Issue) {
+	if version != 1 {
+		return s, &Issue{Conflict, "凭据创建冲突或结果不确定；请核对固定位置的版本历史，未认领、覆盖或重新生成密码"}
+	}
+	s.Version = version
+	return s.WithPhase(Prepared, "凭据已创建并回读确认；尚未创建 PostgreSQL 资源或交付给 Tenant"), nil
+}
+
+// Resume 决定新一轮是否可以继续。未确认的创建不能靠读取成功认领。
+func (s State) Resume() (State, bool) {
+	if s.Version != 0 {
+		return s, true
+	}
+	switch s.Phase {
+	case Conflict:
+		return s, false
+	case Creating:
+		return s.WithPhase(Conflict, "凭据创建未留下成功确认；请核对固定位置与后端历史并人工处理，未重新生成密码"), false
+	default:
+		return s, true
+	}
+}
+
+func (s State) CheckLocation(configured Location) *Issue {
+	if s.Location != nil && *s.Location != configured {
+		return &Issue{Unavailable, "部署配置与固定凭据位置不一致；请恢复原 mount/path 配置，未迁移或改密"}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+type Instance struct {
+	binding.Instance
+	Endpoint instance.Endpoint
+}
+
+// Target 只包含供应资格所需事实，不含 resourceVersion、Conditions 或 repository 对象。
+type Target struct {
+	Database          binding.Database
+	Tenant            *binding.Tenant
+	Instance          *Instance
+	DatabaseProtected bool
+	TenantProtected   bool
+}
+
+type Issue struct {
+	Phase   Phase
+	Message string
+}
+
+func (t Target) RequiresPreparation() bool { return t.Database.Source == "Provision" }
+
+func (t Target) CheckCredential(value ApplicationCredential) *Issue {
+	if t.Instance == nil || !value.MatchesTarget(t.Database.LoginRole, t.Database.Name, t.Instance.Endpoint) {
+		return &Issue{Conflict, "已确认凭据与当前 Instance/database/loginRole 不一致；请人工核实，未修改凭据"}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (t Target) Check() *Issue {
+	database := t.Database
+	if database.Deleting || database.Phase == binding.Deleting || database.Phase == "Released" {
+		return &Issue{Stopped, "Database 正在删除或已释放；保留凭据与 finalizer，不执行供应或清理"}
+	}
+	if database.Tenant == nil || t.Tenant == nil || t.Tenant.Database == nil {
+		return &Issue{Unavailable, "等待 Database 与 Tenant 双向绑定完成"}
+	}
+	if *database.Tenant != t.Tenant.Identity || *t.Tenant.Database != database.Identity {
+		return &Issue{Conflict, "双向绑定的名称或 UID 不匹配，未创建凭据"}
+	}
+	if t.Tenant.Deleting || t.Tenant.Phase != binding.Bound || !t.DatabaseProtected || !t.TenantProtected {
+		return &Issue{Stopped, "Tenant 未完成绑定、正在删除或缺少 finalizer 保护，未创建凭据"}
+	}
+	request, err := t.Tenant.Request.Resolve(t.Tenant.Identity)
+	if err != nil || (request.Provision != nil && !database.MatchesProvision(request, t.Tenant.Identity)) || request.Name != database.Identity.Name {
+		return &Issue{Conflict, "Tenant 申请与 Database 目标不一致，未创建凭据"}
+	}
+	if t.Instance == nil || database.InstanceUID == "" {
+		return &Issue{Unavailable, "等待 Instance 与已记录的实例身份"}
+	}
+	if issue := t.Instance.Check(&database); issue != nil {
+		phase := Unavailable
+		if issue.Reason == binding.Conflict {
+			phase = Conflict
+		}
+		return &Issue{phase, issue.Message}
+	}
+	return nil
+}

internal/database/domain/credential/preparation_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+package credential_test
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	credential "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/domain/credential"
+)
+
+func TestPreparationResume(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, test := range []struct {
+		name            string
+		phase           credential.Phase
+		version         int64
+		continueAllowed bool
+		result          credential.Phase
+	}{
+		{"尚未创建", credential.Pinned, 0, true, credential.Pinned},
+		{"依赖恢复", credential.Unavailable, 0, true, credential.Unavailable},
+		{"中断创建", credential.Creating, 0, false, credential.Conflict},
+		{"未确认冲突", credential.Conflict, 0, false, credential.Conflict},
+		{"已确认后读取失败", credential.Unavailable, 1, true, credential.Unavailable},
+		{"已确认后冲突重验", credential.Conflict, 1, true, credential.Conflict},
+	} {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			original := credential.State{Phase: test.phase, Version: test.version, Message: "保留原诊断"}
+			state, allowed := original.Resume()
+			if allowed != test.continueAllowed || state.Phase != test.result || state.Version != original.Version {
+				t.Fatal("恢复判定或确认版本发生变化")
+			}
+			if test.phase == credential.Conflict && state.Message != original.Message {
+				t.Fatal("冲突重入应保留原诊断")
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPreparationLocationAndConfirmation(t *testing.T) {
+	location := credential.Location{Mount: "applications", Path: "database/uid"}
+	state := credential.State{Location: &location, Phase: credential.Creating}
+	if issue := state.CheckLocation(location); issue != nil {
+		t.Fatal("固定位置不应被拒绝")
+	}
+	if issue := state.CheckLocation(credential.Location{Mount: "other", Path: location.Path}); issue == nil || issue.Phase != credential.Unavailable {
+		t.Fatal("配置变化必须停止，不迁移已固定位置")
+	}
+	for _, version := range []int64{0, -1, 2} {
+		result, issue := state.Created(version)
+		if issue == nil || issue.Phase != credential.Conflict || result.Confirmed() {
+			t.Fatal("错误版本不得确认创建")
+		}
+	}
+	result, issue := state.Created(1)
+	if issue != nil || !result.Confirmed() || result.Phase != credential.Prepared || result.Location != state.Location {
+		t.Fatal("首次写入回读应确认并保留位置")
+	}
+	if state.Version != 0 {
+		t.Fatal("领域判定不得修改调用方的旧状态")
+	}
+}

internal/database/domain/credential/target_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+package credential_test
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/domain/binding"
+	credential "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/domain/credential"
+)
+
+const (
+	targetTestApplication = "sampleapp"
+	targetTestInstance    = "test-instance"
+)
+
+func TestPreparationTarget(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, test := range []struct {
+		name   string
+		change func(*credential.Target)
+		want   credential.Phase
+	}{
+		{"完整绑定", func(*credential.Target) {}, credential.Pending},
+		{"单向绑定", func(target *credential.Target) { target.Tenant.Database = nil }, credential.Unavailable},
+		{"旧租户身份", func(target *credential.Target) { target.Tenant.Identity.UID = "new" }, credential.Conflict},
+		{"旧实例身份", func(target *credential.Target) { target.Instance.Identity.UID = "new" }, credential.Conflict},
+		{"资源删除", func(target *credential.Target) { target.Database.Deleting = true }, credential.Stopped},
+		{"申请删除", func(target *credential.Target) { target.Tenant.Deleting = true }, credential.Stopped},
+		{"Released", func(target *credential.Target) { target.Database.Phase = "Released" }, credential.Stopped},
+		{"缺少保护", func(target *credential.Target) { target.DatabaseProtected = false }, credential.Stopped},
+		{"实例未就绪", func(target *credential.Target) { target.Instance.Ready = false }, credential.Unavailable},
+		{"目标变化", func(target *credential.Target) { target.Database.LoginRole = "other" }, credential.Conflict},
+	} {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			tenantID := binding.TenantIdentity{Namespace: "apps", Name: targetTestApplication, UID: "tenant"}
+			databaseID := binding.Identity{Name: binding.DynamicDatabaseName(tenantID.UID), UID: "database"}
+			target := credential.Target{
+				Database:          binding.Database{Identity: databaseID, Tenant: &tenantID, Instance: targetTestInstance, InstanceUID: "instance-id", Name: targetTestApplication, LoginRole: targetTestApplication, Source: "Provision"},
+				Tenant:            &binding.Tenant{Identity: tenantID, Database: &databaseID, Phase: binding.Bound, Request: binding.Request{Provision: &binding.ProvisionRequest{Instance: targetTestInstance}}},
+				Instance:          &credential.Instance{Identity: binding.Identity{Name: targetTestInstance, UID: "instance-id"}, Ready: true},
+				DatabaseProtected: true, TenantProtected: true,
+			}
+			test.change(&target)
+			issue := target.Check()
+			if test.want == credential.Pending {
+				if issue != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("有效绑定被拒绝: %s", issue.Message)
+				}
+			} else if issue == nil || issue.Phase != test.want {
+				t.Fatal("领域资格判定不符")
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}