feat: 接通 Database 凭据准备闭环

.gitea/workflows/verify.yml

@@ -25,6 +25,11 @@ jobs:
           make test
           git diff --exit-code
 
+      - name: Build controller entrypoint
+        run: |
+          make build
+          ./bin/manager --help
+
   lint:
     runs-on: [self-hosted, pod]
     steps:

Makefile

@@ -68,12 +68,14 @@ lint: golangci-lint ## Run golangci-lint linter
 	"$(GOLANGCI_LINT)" run
 
 .PHONY: test-database-integration
-test-database-integration: setup-envtest ## 使用临时 API server 与独立 PostgreSQL 容器验证凭据读取和连接更新。
-	KUBEBUILDER_ASSETS="$(shell "$(ENVTEST)" use $(ENVTEST_K8S_VERSION) --bin-dir "$(LOCALBIN)" -p path)" go test -tags=integration -race -count=1 ./internal/database/...
+test-database-integration: setup-envtest ## 使用临时 API server、PostgreSQL 与 OpenBao 容器验证 Database 后端。
+	KUBEBUILDER_ASSETS="$(shell "$(ENVTEST)" use $(ENVTEST_K8S_VERSION) --bin-dir "$(LOCALBIN)" -p path)" \
+		go test -tags=integration -race -count=1 ./internal/database/... ./internal/infra/... ./internal/bootstrap/...
 
 .PHONY: lint-database-integration
 lint-database-integration: golangci-lint ## 检查集成测试构建标签下的 Database 代码。
-	"$(GOLANGCI_LINT)" run --build-tags=integration ./internal/database/...
+	"$(GOLANGCI_LINT)" run --build-tags=integration \
+		./internal/database/... ./internal/infra/... ./internal/bootstrap/...
 
 .PHONY: lint-fix
 lint-fix: golangci-lint ## Run golangci-lint linter and perform fixes

api/database/v1alpha1/common_types.go

@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ const (
 	ReclaimDelete ReclaimPolicy = "Delete"
 )
 
-// CredentialReference 定位已有 OpenBao KV v2 凭据，不包含任何秘密值。
-// 只由资源管理员在导入时填写；controller 必须检查部署允许的 mount/path 范围。
+// CredentialReference 定位 OpenBao KV v2 凭据，不包含任何秘密值。
+// 管理员在导入声明中指定，controller 在 status 中固定位置；两者均须检查部署允许的范围。
 type CredentialReference struct {
 	// +kubebuilder:validation:MinLength=1
 	// +kubebuilder:validation:MaxLength=253

api/database/v1alpha1/credential_status_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+package v1alpha1_test
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	databasev1alpha1 "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/api/database/v1alpha1"
+	apierrors "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/errors"
+	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
+	ctrlclient "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/client"
+)
+
+func testCredentialStatus(t *testing.T, client ctrlclient.Client) {
+	database := validDatabase("credential-status")
+	if err := client.Create(t.Context(), database); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	withoutLocation := database.DeepCopy()
+	withoutLocation.Status.CredentialVersion = 1
+	if err := client.Status().Update(t.Context(), withoutLocation); !apierrors.IsInvalid(err) {
+		t.Fatalf("没有位置不能确认版本: %v", err)
+	}
+	database.Status.CredentialRef = &databasev1alpha1.CredentialReference{
+		Mount: "application-secrets", Path: "applications/" + string(database.UID),
+	}
+	if err := client.Status().Update(t.Context(), database); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	testCredentialStatusRemoval(t, client, database)
+	changedTarget := database.DeepCopy()
+	changedTarget.Spec.Database = "another_database"
+	if err := client.Update(t.Context(), changedTarget); !apierrors.IsInvalid(err) {
+		t.Fatalf("凭据位置固定后不得更换实际目标: %v", err)
+	}
+	stale := database.DeepCopy()
+	database.Status.CredentialVersion = 1
+	if err := client.Status().Update(t.Context(), database); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	stale.Status.Phase = "Binding"
+	if err := client.Status().Update(t.Context(), stale); !apierrors.IsConflict(err) {
+		t.Fatalf("旧 resourceVersion 不得覆盖确认结果: %v", err)
+	}
+	testCredentialStatusRemoval(t, client, database)
+	for _, version := range []int64{0, -1, 2} {
+		changed := database.DeepCopy()
+		changed.Status.CredentialVersion = version
+		if err := client.Status().Update(t.Context(), changed); !apierrors.IsInvalid(err) {
+			t.Fatalf("不可移除或更改确认版本 %d: %v", version, err)
+		}
+	}
+	database.Status.Conditions = []metav1.Condition{{
+		Type: "CredentialsReady", Status: metav1.ConditionFalse,
+		Reason: "DependencyUnavailable", Message: "凭据暂时无法读取",
+		ObservedGeneration: database.Generation, LastTransitionTime: metav1.Now(),
+	}}
+	if err := client.Status().Update(t.Context(), database); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("当前不可用不应阻止保留确认记录: %v", err)
+	}
+	reloaded := &databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabase{}
+	if err := client.Get(t.Context(), ctrlclient.ObjectKeyFromObject(database), reloaded); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if reloaded.Status.CredentialVersion != 1 || reloaded.Status.CredentialRef == nil {
+		t.Fatal("重读丢失凭据确认记录")
+	}
+}
+
+func testCredentialStatusRemoval(t *testing.T, client ctrlclient.Client, database *databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabase) {
+	t.Helper()
+	for _, change := range []struct {
+		name string
+		edit func(*databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabase)
+	}{
+		{"移除整个 status", func(d *databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabase) { d.Status = databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabaseStatus{} }},
+		{"移除位置", func(d *databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabase) { d.Status.CredentialRef = nil }},
+		{"修改 mount", func(d *databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabase) { d.Status.CredentialRef.Mount = "other" }},
+		{"修改 path", func(d *databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabase) { d.Status.CredentialRef.Path = "applications/other" }},
+	} {
+		t.Run(change.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			changed := database.DeepCopy()
+			change.edit(changed)
+			if err := client.Status().Update(t.Context(), changed); !apierrors.IsInvalid(err) {
+				t.Fatalf("不应接受已固定凭据位置的更改: %v", err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

api/database/v1alpha1/postgresqldatabase_types.go

@@ -30,6 +30,14 @@ type PostgreSQLDatabaseStatus struct {
 	// InstanceUID 记录观察时的实例身份，不把同名新实例视为原目标。
 	// +optional
 	InstanceUID types.UID `json:"instanceUID,omitempty"`
+	// CredentialRef 在首次外部写入前固定凭据位置；部署配置变化不迁移此位置。
+	// +optional
+	CredentialRef *CredentialReference `json:"credentialRef,omitempty"`
+	// CredentialVersion 只在创建并回读成功后记录，不表示凭据当前仍可用。
+	// 省略表示尚未确认；已有凭据不能仅凭读取成功补记确认。
+	// +kubebuilder:validation:Minimum=1
+	// +optional
+	CredentialVersion int64 `json:"credentialVersion,omitempty"`
 	// Phase 暂不冻结供应子阶段枚举；它不是操作授权或绑定的替代记录。
 	// +optional
 	Phase string `json:"phase,omitempty"`
@@ -42,7 +50,10 @@ type PostgreSQLDatabaseStatus struct {
 // +kubebuilder:object:root=true
 // +kubebuilder:subresource:status
 // +kubebuilder:resource:scope=Cluster
-// +kubebuilder:validation:XValidation:rule="!(has(oldSelf.spec.tenantRef) || (has(oldSelf.status) && has(oldSelf.status.instanceUID))) || (self.spec.instanceRef == oldSelf.spec.instanceRef && self.spec.database == oldSelf.spec.database && self.spec.loginRole == oldSelf.spec.loginRole && self.spec.source == oldSelf.spec.source && has(self.spec.credentialRef) == has(oldSelf.spec.credentialRef) && (!has(oldSelf.spec.credentialRef) || self.spec.credentialRef == oldSelf.spec.credentialRef))",message="managed database target cannot change after observation or binding starts"
+// +kubebuilder:validation:XValidation:rule="!has(self.status) || !has(self.status.credentialVersion) || has(self.status.credentialRef)",message="credentialVersion requires credentialRef"
+// +kubebuilder:validation:XValidation:rule="!(has(oldSelf.status) && has(oldSelf.status.credentialRef)) || (has(self.status) && has(self.status.credentialRef) && self.status.credentialRef == oldSelf.status.credentialRef)",message="recorded credentialRef cannot change or be removed"
+// +kubebuilder:validation:XValidation:rule="!(has(oldSelf.status) && has(oldSelf.status.credentialVersion)) || (has(self.status) && has(self.status.credentialVersion) && self.status.credentialVersion == oldSelf.status.credentialVersion)",message="confirmed credentialVersion cannot change or be removed"
+// +kubebuilder:validation:XValidation:rule="!(has(oldSelf.spec.tenantRef) || (has(oldSelf.status) && (has(oldSelf.status.instanceUID) || has(oldSelf.status.credentialRef)))) || (self.spec.instanceRef == oldSelf.spec.instanceRef && self.spec.database == oldSelf.spec.database && self.spec.loginRole == oldSelf.spec.loginRole && self.spec.source == oldSelf.spec.source && has(self.spec.credentialRef) == has(oldSelf.spec.credentialRef) && (!has(oldSelf.spec.credentialRef) || self.spec.credentialRef == oldSelf.spec.credentialRef))",message="managed database target cannot change after observation or binding starts"
 // +kubebuilder:printcolumn:name="Instance",type=string,JSONPath=`.spec.instanceRef.name`
 // +kubebuilder:printcolumn:name="Database",type=string,JSONPath=`.spec.database`
 // +kubebuilder:printcolumn:name="Ready",type=string,JSONPath=`.status.conditions[?(@.type=='Ready')].status`

api/database/v1alpha1/validation_test.go

@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ func TestDatabaseAPI(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("作用域和默认值", func(t *testing.T) { testDefaults(t, client) })
 	t.Run("拒绝非法声明", func(t *testing.T) { testInvalidDeclarations(t, client) })
 	t.Run("status隔离和绑定并发", func(t *testing.T) { testBindingWrites(t, client) })
+	t.Run("凭据位置与确认版本", func(t *testing.T) { testCredentialStatus(t, client) })
 	t.Run("仓库示例", func(t *testing.T) { testSamples(t, client, scheme) })
 }
 

api/database/v1alpha1/zz_generated.deepcopy.go

@@ -188,6 +188,11 @@ func (in *PostgreSQLDatabaseSpec) DeepCopy() *PostgreSQLDatabaseSpec {
 // DeepCopyInto is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, writing into out. in must be non-nil.
 func (in *PostgreSQLDatabaseStatus) DeepCopyInto(out *PostgreSQLDatabaseStatus) {
 	*out = *in
+	if in.CredentialRef != nil {
+		in, out := &in.CredentialRef, &out.CredentialRef
+		*out = new(CredentialReference)
+		**out = **in
+	}
 	if in.Conditions != nil {
 		in, out := &in.Conditions, &out.Conditions
 		*out = make([]v1.Condition, len(*in))

cmd/database.go

@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-import (
-	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/adapter/kubernetes"
-	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/adapter/postgresql"
-	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/application"
-	databasecontroller "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/controller"
-	ctrl "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime"
-)
-
-func setupInstanceObservation(manager ctrl.Manager, namespace, rootCert string) (*application.InstanceService, error) {
-	credentials, err := kubernetes.NewSecretCredentials(manager.GetConfig(), namespace)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	service, err := application.NewInstanceService(credentials, postgresql.Connector{RootCert: rootCert})
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	reconciler := &databasecontroller.InstanceReconciler{Observer: service, SecretNamespace: namespace}
-	if err := reconciler.SetupWithManager(manager); err != nil {
-		service.Close()
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return service, nil
-}

cmd/main.go

@@ -1,214 +1,15 @@
 package main
 
 import (
-	"context"
-	"crypto/tls"
-	"flag"
 	"os"
 
-	// Import all Kubernetes client auth plugins (e.g. Azure, GCP, OIDC, etc.)
-	// to ensure that exec-entrypoint and run can make use of them.
-	_ "k8s.io/client-go/plugin/pkg/client/auth"
-
-	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
-	utilruntime "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/runtime"
-	clientgoscheme "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes/scheme"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/bootstrap"
 	ctrl "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/healthz"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/log/zap"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/metrics/filters"
-	metricsserver "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/metrics/server"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/webhook"
-
-	databasev1alpha1 "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/api/database/v1alpha1"
-	executionv1alpha1 "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/api/execution/v1alpha1"
-	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/application"
-	databasecontroller "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/controller"
-	// +kubebuilder:scaffold:imports
 )
 
-var (
-	scheme   = runtime.NewScheme()
-	setupLog = ctrl.Log.WithName("setup")
-)
-
-func init() {
-	utilruntime.Must(clientgoscheme.AddToScheme(scheme))
-
-	utilruntime.Must(executionv1alpha1.AddToScheme(scheme))
-	utilruntime.Must(databasev1alpha1.AddToScheme(scheme))
-	// +kubebuilder:scaffold:scheme
-}
-
-// nolint:gocyclo
 func main() {
-	var databaseNamespace, databaseRootCert string
-	flag.StringVar(&databaseNamespace, "database-secret-namespace", os.Getenv("POD_NAMESPACE"),
-		"固定管理 Secret namespace；为空时不启用 Instance 观测")
-	flag.StringVar(&databaseRootCert, "database-root-cert", "", "PostgreSQL 管理连接信任的公开 CA bundle 路径")
-	var metricsAddr string
-	var metricsCertPath, metricsCertName, metricsCertKey string
-	var webhookCertPath, webhookCertName, webhookCertKey string
-	var webhookPort int
-	var enableLeaderElection bool
-	var probeAddr string
-	var secureMetrics bool
-	var enableHTTP2 bool
-	var tlsOpts []func(*tls.Config)
-	flag.StringVar(&metricsAddr, "metrics-bind-address", "0", "The address the metrics endpoint binds to. "+
-		"Use :8443 for HTTPS or :8080 for HTTP, or leave as 0 to disable the metrics service.")
-	flag.StringVar(&probeAddr, "health-probe-bind-address", ":8081", "The address the probe endpoint binds to.")
-	flag.BoolVar(&enableLeaderElection, "leader-elect", false,
-		"Enable leader election for controller manager. "+
-			"Enabling this will ensure there is only one active controller manager.")
-	flag.BoolVar(&secureMetrics, "metrics-secure", true,
-		"If set, the metrics endpoint is served securely via HTTPS. Use --metrics-secure=false to use HTTP instead.")
-	flag.StringVar(&webhookCertPath, "webhook-cert-path", "", "The directory that contains the webhook certificate.")
-	flag.StringVar(&webhookCertName, "webhook-cert-name", "tls.crt", "The name of the webhook certificate file.")
-	flag.StringVar(&webhookCertKey, "webhook-cert-key", "tls.key", "The name of the webhook key file.")
-	flag.IntVar(&webhookPort, "webhook-port", 9443, "Port the webhook server listens on. "+
-		"Defaults to 9443. Set -1 to disable the webhook server.")
-	flag.StringVar(&metricsCertPath, "metrics-cert-path", "",
-		"The directory that contains the metrics server certificate.")
-	flag.StringVar(&metricsCertName, "metrics-cert-name", "tls.crt", "The name of the metrics server certificate file.")
-	flag.StringVar(&metricsCertKey, "metrics-cert-key", "tls.key", "The name of the metrics server key file.")
-	flag.BoolVar(&enableHTTP2, "enable-http2", false,
-		"If set, HTTP/2 will be enabled for the metrics and webhook servers")
-	opts := zap.Options{
-		Development: true,
-	}
-	opts.BindFlags(flag.CommandLine)
-	flag.Parse()
-
-	ctrl.SetLogger(zap.New(zap.UseFlagOptions(&opts)))
-
-	// if the enable-http2 flag is false (the default), http/2 should be disabled
-	// due to its vulnerabilities. More specifically, disabling http/2 will
-	// prevent from being vulnerable to the HTTP/2 Stream Cancellation and
-	// Rapid Reset CVEs. For more information see:
-	// - https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-qppj-fm5r-hxr3
-	// - https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-4374-p667-p6c8
-	disableHTTP2 := func(c *tls.Config) {
-		setupLog.Info("Disabling HTTP/2")
-		c.NextProtos = []string{"http/1.1"}
-	}
-
-	if !enableHTTP2 {
-		tlsOpts = append(tlsOpts, disableHTTP2)
-	}
-
-	// Initial webhook TLS options
-	webhookTLSOpts := tlsOpts
-	webhookServerOptions := webhook.Options{
-		TLSOpts: webhookTLSOpts,
-		Port:    webhookPort,
-	}
-
-	if len(webhookCertPath) > 0 {
-		setupLog.Info("Initializing webhook certificate watcher using provided certificates",
-			"webhook-cert-path", webhookCertPath, "webhook-cert-name", webhookCertName, "webhook-cert-key", webhookCertKey)
-
-		webhookServerOptions.CertDir = webhookCertPath
-		webhookServerOptions.CertName = webhookCertName
-		webhookServerOptions.KeyName = webhookCertKey
-	}
-
-	webhookServer := webhook.NewServer(webhookServerOptions)
-
-	// Metrics endpoint is enabled in 'config/default/kustomization.yaml'. The Metrics options configure the server.
-	// More info:
-	// - https://pkg.go.dev/sigs.k8s.io/[email protected]/pkg/metrics/server
-	// - https://book.kubebuilder.io/reference/metrics.html
-	metricsServerOptions := metricsserver.Options{
-		BindAddress:   metricsAddr,
-		SecureServing: secureMetrics,
-		TLSOpts:       tlsOpts,
-	}
-
-	if secureMetrics {
-		// FilterProvider is used to protect the metrics endpoint with authn/authz.
-		// These configurations ensure that only authorized users and service accounts
-		// can access the metrics endpoint. The RBAC are configured in 'config/rbac/kustomization.yaml'. More info:
-		// https://pkg.go.dev/sigs.k8s.io/[email protected]/pkg/metrics/filters#WithAuthenticationAndAuthorization
-		metricsServerOptions.FilterProvider = filters.WithAuthenticationAndAuthorization
-	}
-
-	// If the certificate is not specified, controller-runtime will automatically
-	// generate self-signed certificates for the metrics server. While convenient for development and testing,
-	// this setup is not recommended for production.
-	//
-	// TODO(user): If you enable certManager, uncomment the following lines:
-	// - [METRICS-WITH-CERTS] at config/default/kustomization.yaml to generate and use certificates
-	// managed by cert-manager for the metrics server.
-	// - [PROMETHEUS-WITH-CERTS] at config/prometheus/kustomization.yaml for TLS certification.
-	if len(metricsCertPath) > 0 {
-		setupLog.Info("Initializing metrics certificate watcher using provided certificates",
-			"metrics-cert-path", metricsCertPath, "metrics-cert-name", metricsCertName, "metrics-cert-key", metricsCertKey)
-
-		metricsServerOptions.CertDir = metricsCertPath
-		metricsServerOptions.CertName = metricsCertName
-		metricsServerOptions.KeyName = metricsCertKey
-	}
-
-	managerOptions := ctrl.Options{
-		Scheme:                 scheme,
-		Metrics:                metricsServerOptions,
-		WebhookServer:          webhookServer,
-		HealthProbeBindAddress: probeAddr,
-		LeaderElection:         enableLeaderElection,
-		LeaderElectionID:       "a6325ed6.ddupan.top",
-		// LeaderElectionReleaseOnCancel defines if the leader should step down voluntarily
-		// when the Manager ends. This requires the binary to immediately end when the
-		// Manager is stopped, otherwise, this setting is unsafe. Setting this significantly
-		// speeds up voluntary leader transitions as the new leader don't have to wait
-		// LeaseDuration time first.
-		//
-		// In the default scaffold provided, the program ends immediately after
-		// the manager stops, so would be fine to enable this option. However,
-		// if you are doing or is intended to do any operation such as perform cleanups
-		// after the manager stops then its usage might be unsafe.
-		// LeaderElectionReleaseOnCancel: true,
-	}
-	if databaseNamespace != "" {
-		managerOptions.Cache = databasecontroller.InstanceCacheOptions(databaseNamespace)
-	}
-	mgr, err := ctrl.NewManager(ctrl.GetConfigOrDie(), managerOptions)
-	if err != nil {
-		setupLog.Error(err, "Failed to start manager")
-		os.Exit(1)
-	}
-
-	// +kubebuilder:scaffold:builder
-	var instanceService *application.InstanceService
-	if databaseNamespace != "" {
-		instanceService, err = setupInstanceObservation(mgr, databaseNamespace, databaseRootCert)
-		if err != nil {
-			setupLog.Error(err, "Failed to set up Instance observation")
-			os.Exit(1)
-		}
-	}
-	if err := (&databasecontroller.BindingReconciler{}).SetupWithManager(context.Background(), mgr); err != nil {
-		setupLog.Error(err, "Failed to set up Database binding controller")
-		os.Exit(1)
-	}
-
-	if err := mgr.AddHealthzCheck("healthz", healthz.Ping); err != nil {
-		setupLog.Error(err, "Failed to set up health check")
-		os.Exit(1)
-	}
-	if err := mgr.AddReadyzCheck("readyz", healthz.Ping); err != nil {
-		setupLog.Error(err, "Failed to set up ready check")
-		os.Exit(1)
-	}
-
-	setupLog.Info("Starting manager")
-	err = mgr.Start(ctrl.SetupSignalHandler())
-	// worker 完全停止后才释放 pgxpool，避免与在途观察竞争。
-	if instanceService != nil {
-		instanceService.Close()
-	}
-	if err != nil {
-		setupLog.Error(err, "Failed to run manager")
+	if err := bootstrap.Run(); err != nil {
+		ctrl.Log.WithName("setup").Error(err, "Controller manager exited")
 		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 }

config/crd/bases/database.ayatori.ddupan.top_postgresqldatabases.yaml

@@ -50,8 +50,8 @@ spec:
             properties:
               credentialRef:
                 description: |-
-                  CredentialReference 定位已有 OpenBao KV v2 凭据，不包含任何秘密值。
-                  只由资源管理员在导入时填写；controller 必须检查部署允许的 mount/path 范围。
+                  CredentialReference 定位 OpenBao KV v2 凭据，不包含任何秘密值。
+                  管理员在导入声明中指定，controller 在 status 中固定位置；两者均须检查部署允许的范围。
                 properties:
                   mount:
                     maxLength: 253
@@ -198,6 +198,29 @@ spec:
                 x-kubernetes-list-map-keys:
                 - type
                 x-kubernetes-list-type: map
+              credentialRef:
+                description: CredentialRef 在首次外部写入前固定凭据位置；部署配置变化不迁移此位置。
+                properties:
+                  mount:
+                    maxLength: 253
+                    minLength: 1
+                    type: string
+                  path:
+                    description: Path 是 mount 内的逻辑路径，不含 KV v2 的 data/ API 前缀。
+                    maxLength: 1024
+                    minLength: 1
+                    type: string
+                required:
+                - mount
+                - path
+                type: object
+              credentialVersion:
+                description: |-
+                  CredentialVersion 只在创建并回读成功后记录，不表示凭据当前仍可用。
+                  省略表示尚未确认；已有凭据不能仅凭读取成功补记确认。
+                format: int64
+                minimum: 1
+                type: integer
               instanceUID:
                 description: InstanceUID 记录观察时的实例身份，不把同名新实例视为原目标。
                 type: string
@@ -212,13 +235,22 @@ spec:
         - spec
         type: object
         x-kubernetes-validations:
+        - message: credentialVersion requires credentialRef
+          rule: '!has(self.status) || !has(self.status.credentialVersion) || has(self.status.credentialRef)'
+        - message: recorded credentialRef cannot change or be removed
+          rule: '!(has(oldSelf.status) && has(oldSelf.status.credentialRef)) || (has(self.status)
+            && has(self.status.credentialRef) && self.status.credentialRef == oldSelf.status.credentialRef)'
+        - message: confirmed credentialVersion cannot change or be removed
+          rule: '!(has(oldSelf.status) && has(oldSelf.status.credentialVersion)) ||
+            (has(self.status) && has(self.status.credentialVersion) && self.status.credentialVersion
+            == oldSelf.status.credentialVersion)'
         - message: managed database target cannot change after observation or binding
             starts
-          rule: '!(has(oldSelf.spec.tenantRef) || (has(oldSelf.status) && has(oldSelf.status.instanceUID)))
-            || (self.spec.instanceRef == oldSelf.spec.instanceRef && self.spec.database
-            == oldSelf.spec.database && self.spec.loginRole == oldSelf.spec.loginRole
-            && self.spec.source == oldSelf.spec.source && has(self.spec.credentialRef)
-            == has(oldSelf.spec.credentialRef) && (!has(oldSelf.spec.credentialRef)
+          rule: '!(has(oldSelf.spec.tenantRef) || (has(oldSelf.status) && (has(oldSelf.status.instanceUID)
+            || has(oldSelf.status.credentialRef)))) || (self.spec.instanceRef == oldSelf.spec.instanceRef
+            && self.spec.database == oldSelf.spec.database && self.spec.loginRole
+            == oldSelf.spec.loginRole && self.spec.source == oldSelf.spec.source &&
+            has(self.spec.credentialRef) == has(oldSelf.spec.credentialRef) && (!has(oldSelf.spec.credentialRef)
             || self.spec.credentialRef == oldSelf.spec.credentialRef))'
     served: true
     storage: true

config/samples/database_openbao_auth_rbac.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+# 示例：只授权 controller 为固定登录 SA 创建短期 JWT；由管理员替换 namespace/subject 后应用。
+# 不自动纳入 config/default，不包含 kubeconfig、长期 token 或 OpenBao 管理权限。
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: ServiceAccount
+metadata:
+  name: database-openbao-login
+  namespace: ayatori-system
+---
+apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
+kind: Role
+metadata:
+  name: database-openbao-token
+  namespace: ayatori-system
+rules:
+- apiGroups: [""]
+  resources: [serviceaccounts/token]
+  resourceNames: [database-openbao-login]
+  verbs: [create]
+---
+apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
+kind: RoleBinding
+metadata:
+  name: database-openbao-token
+  namespace: ayatori-system
+roleRef:
+  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
+  kind: Role
+  name: database-openbao-token
+subjects:
+# 集群外示例：对应管理员签发 kubeconfig 的实际用户名，不是登录目标 SA 的名字。
+- kind: User
+  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
+  name: ayatori-controller
+# 集群内可以改为 manager 自己的 ServiceAccount；不要求两个 subject 同时授权。
+# - kind: ServiceAccount
+#   name: controller-manager
+#   namespace: ayatori-system

docs/architecture/overview.md

@@ -43,6 +43,34 @@ Dev 与 Prod 使用独立的 Kubernetes API、数据库、身份和 controller
 Proxmox 作为稀缺物理基础设施可以共享，通过 pool、tag、token 和明确的资源范围区分
 环境。其他后端尽量使用独立数据库、角色、地址池、DNS 空间与凭据。
 
+## 进程内依赖边界
+
+`cmd/main.go` 是唯一程序入口，只调用 `internal/bootstrap.Run` 并处理退出状态。
+命令行参数、manager 创建、infra 与领域装配集中在 `internal/bootstrap`，
+不在 `cmd` 平铺组件装配文件，也不为每个领域生成独立二进制。
+Makefile 与 Dockerfile 均继续构建 `cmd/main.go`。
+
+`Run` 只编排解析配置、创建 manager、显式装配组件、启动与退出清理。
+`options.go` 组织配置和通用 flags；`manager.go` 处理 scheme、metrics、webhook、TLS 与探针；
+`database.go`、`openbao.go` 各自维护组件参数及装配细节。新增组件不向 `Run` 堆叠参数和内部
+条件分支，也不为此引入插件注册框架。组件启动失败时释放已装配资源，正常退出则先停止
+manager worker，再释放连接。
+
+基础设施能力属于整个 controller-manager，不因首个消费者是 Database 就归入该领域。
+`internal/infra/openbao` 管理官方 SDK client 的 TLS 配置、Kubernetes 认证及 token 生命周期，
+不依赖 Database 或其他产品领域。Bao client 默认禁用自动重试，写入结果不确定时由用例处理；
+领域适配器不修改共享 client 的全局配置。Kubernetes 客户端、cache 和直连 reader 由 manager 管理；
+启动入口负责装配与注入，不在领域适配器内重复创建客户端。
+
+读写能力优先直接使用官方 `client.Reader`、`client.Client`、OpenBao KV API 等接口，
+不为统一命名再包一层通用 reader/writer，也不引入全局注册中心。共享连接不表示扩大授权；
+不同身份或权限边界仍由启动装配显式隔离。
+
+领域按用例需要维护 repository 契约，其 adapter 负责 CR/领域对象映射及业务结果转换。
+例如 Database 的七键凭据格式、UID 路径、禁止覆盖和不确定结果处理仍由 Database 维护；
+它们不是公共 KV 存储的业务规则。Secret 管理凭据读取注入 `manager.GetAPIReader()`，
+保持直连 API server、不缓存 Secret 内容的安全边界；资源写入复用 `manager.GetClient()`。
+
 ## 数据面
 
 Ayatori 不承载或重新实现数据面。控制面故障只应阻止创建与变更，不应停止已有 VM、

docs/database/README.md

@@ -43,8 +43,8 @@ registry 准备决策；这一依赖现已从代码移除，不能把旧运行
 - 领域层不依赖 Kubernetes types、数据库 driver 或凭据 provider。
 - CredentialReference 只携带管理 Secret 的名称与字段映射，不包含 Secret 内容或 OpenBao path。
 - Instance checkpoint 不是外部事实；实际能力必须由 application/adapter 观察后交给领域对象判断。
-- 当前代码只检查 Instance 供应前置条件，不授予 Tenant 所有权或外部写入权限，也不表示
-  Database API 已经可用。
+- Instance 观察只检查供应前置条件，不单独授予 Tenant 所有权或外部写入权限；凭据准备
+  另行校验双向绑定和保护，尚不表示完整 Database API 已经可用。
 
 ## 管理凭据与连接切片
 
@@ -151,6 +151,107 @@ Instance 删除首先释放本地连接并撤销 Ready。任何引用它的 Data
 轮换、删除、跨 namespace 拒绝和 watch。API 测试另覆盖写入版本冲突、幂等、新 reconciler
 恢复与引用删除保护。完整 DBaaS 仍需供应/导入、OpenBao/ESO、Retain/Delete 集成验收。
 
+## 应用凭据存储切片
+
+`adapter/openbao` 使用官方 Go SDK `api/v2 v2.7.0` 的 KV v2 API，只有创建和读取，
+不维护 registry、不覆盖已有密码。动态路径由固定前缀与 Database UID 组成；所有访问都校验
+配置前缀，已有导入位置也不能绕过 controller 的凭据权限范围。
+
+创建使用 CAS=0，随后回读七键和版本 1；已有值或软删除历史报冲突。关闭 SDK 自动重试，
+写入响应丢失、回读失败或内容变化均返回不确定结果，上层不得生成第二份密码或自动认领。
+`Read` 只适用于调用方已确认关联的路径，读取成功本身不是管理权证据。错误不传播 SDK
+响应体；内存凭据的普通格式化及 JSON 输出均脱敏，明确的 `SecretData` 才返回明文七键。
+
+依据官方 [KV v2 CAS 合同](https://github.com/openbao/openbao/blob/main/internal/builtin/logical/kv/path_data.go)
+与 [Go SDK](https://github.com/openbao/openbao/tree/main/api)。`make test-database-integration`
+现包含独立 OpenBao dev 容器，固定摘要、随机回环端口、无持久卷，不接受外部地址。
+真实后端覆盖创建/回读、并发唯一创建、重建适配器读取、软删除冲突、固定前缀 token
+拒绝管理路径，以及成功写入后丢失响应；HTTP 故障测试补充不重试和错误脱敏。
+
+认证会话和凭据准备用例已接入 manager，但默认不启用外部写入。
+Database 已有 `status.credentialRef` 和 `status.credentialVersion` 的字段与 CEL 校验：
+固定位置、只在创建并回读成功后确认版本，二者写入后不可清空或修改。
+`ReadConfirmed` 按已确认版本检查最新 KV 值，删除或版本漂移报 Conflict，不读取旧版本掩盖变化。
+测试 token 只用于临时 fixture，不是生产静态 token 配置接口。
+
+### 凭据准备闭环
+
+配置认证后，显式设置 `--database-credential-mount` 启用准备；路径默认
+`applications/<Database UID>`，前缀由 `--database-credential-prefix` 配置。
+`CredentialPreparation` 用例检查 Provision 来源、双向绑定 UID、申请目标、finalizer、
+删除/Released 状态及当前 Instance Ready；导入资源不执行本流程。
+顺序为固定位置 → 确认后端尚无凭据 → 保存 CreationStarted → 创建并回读 → 保存确认版本。
+`CredentialReconciler` 只负责 Database/Tenant/Instance watch 和 30 秒依赖重查；
+Kubernetes repository 负责直接读取及有 resourceVersion 保护的状态更新。
+
+外部操作前后回查目标：Database 必须仍是同一 UID/resourceVersion，Tenant/Instance 必须
+保持绑定、spec generation、删除状态、finalizer 保护与有效 Ready；无关 Conditions 刷新
+不构成目标变化。不存在跨 Kubernetes/OpenBao 原子事务：中途发生相关变化时停止确认，
+留下可观察状态，交给后续协调或人工核实，不盲目重试过期的确认写入。
+
+`CredentialsReady=False/CreationStarted` 是正在进行而未确认的诊断，不是成功证明。
+任何新一轮协调遇到该状态且没有确认版本，都转为 Conflict；即使进程在发出请求前退出
+也采用这一保守边界。明确的认证/权限拒绝可等待恢复；响应丢失、回读失败、确认保存失败
+及未确认的已有值均不会自动认领或重新生成密码。Conflict 保留首次原因，普通依赖错误
+保留已确认版本；配置变化停止在原位置，不搬迁或覆盖。并行实例中途撞上已开始的创建
+同样可能保守地要求人工处理，不承诺无损接续；多副本部署应启用既有 leader election。
+
+成功只设置 `CredentialsReady=True`，Database Ready 仍为 False/ProvisioningIncomplete，
+Tenant 仍未完成交付。本切片没有 PostgreSQL role/database 创建、扩展安装、ESO 投射、
+Retain 释放或 Delete 清理，也不会解除 finalizer。不要作为完整 DBaaS 部署。
+
+单元测试穷举前置条件；真实 API server + 隔离 Bao 验证创建、状态确认、幂等、重启、并发、
+依赖恢复、固定位置、不确定结果、确认保存失败和删除边界；实际 manager 验证 watch 驱动
+及重启。该 fixture 只声明 Instance 前置 Ready，真实 PostgreSQL 管理能力由既有 Instance
+集成测试覆盖，不把凭据准备验收当成实际建库或应用登录验收。
+
+## OpenBao Kubernetes 认证会话
+
+公共 `internal/infra/openbao.KubernetesSession` 复用官方 Kubernetes auth helper 和 `LifetimeWatcher`
+（均为 v2.7.0）。认证直接注入 `manager.GetClient()`，与 reconcile 共用已装配的 Kubernetes
+client，不从配置另建客户端。标准 `--kubeconfig` /
+`KUBECONFIG` 支持 systemd 或其他集群外运行方式，集群内使用 in-cluster 配置，不要求存在 Pod。
+Kubernetes 身份的签发和更新由部署管理及 client-go 的认证机制负责，不另建 kubeconfig 读取器。
+
+每次登录前，通过该 client 的 `SubResource("token").Create` 调用固定 namespace/name 的
+ServiceAccount TokenRequest；写入直连 API server，不读取 cache 或要求额外的 SA get 权限。申请
+audience 匹配 OpenBao role、期望有效期 600 秒的短期 JWT；检查返回值非空且未过期，再交给
+官方 Kubernetes auth helper。JWT 不缓存，不读取投射文件，也不回退静态 OpenBao token；
+实际 JWT 有效期由 API server 决定。RBAC 拒绝或 TokenRequest 失败时不会继续 Bao 登录。
+OpenBao 登录结果必须包含有效 token 和有限 TTL。
+
+续期、到期阈值与等待时间由 SDK 管理；可续期 token 的续期失败就撤下本地 token，不可续期
+token 由 SDK 监测剩余寿命。会话结束后最多每 5 秒重新登录一次，并重新申请 Kubernetes JWT。
+`Ready()` 仅表示当前 lease 正受 SDK 管理，不授权任何 Database 写入，也不能保证下一次请求
+必然成功。认证/续期响应不写日志、不返回给调用方；后端操作仍独立检查并返回脱敏错误。
+
+`Start(ctx)` 退出时清空 client token 并等待续期 goroutine 结束。SDK Stop 不取消已经发出的
+续期 HTTP 请求，因此专用 client 的请求期限固定为 15 秒；不增加新连接池或自己的续期算法。
+同一会话拒绝并发 Start。manager 使用 Runnable 管理生命周期，并增加 `openbao-auth` readiness
+检查；认证故障不影响 liveness。`--openbao-address` 为空时不启用，不自动修改生产 auth/RBAC。
+HTTPS 和显式 CA/系统信任根不可通过 BAO 环境变量降级，参数见 [部署合同](deployment.md)。
+
+依据官方 [Kubernetes auth](https://openbao.org/docs/auth/kubernetes/) 与
+[token 生命周期](https://openbao.org/docs/concepts/auth/)。真实测试使用 envtest 签发 SA token，
+OpenBao 通过专用 reviewer 调用真实 TokenReview；集群外受限 kubeconfig 启动实际 manager，
+验证共享 client 申请 JWT、短 TTL 续期、RBAC 撤回/恢复与重新登录、跨 namespace/其他 SA 拒绝、
+错误 OpenBao audience 拒绝以及凭据访问恢复。临时 TokenReview 入口仅允许对应 POST，
+两段连接均验证 TLS；其 Docker bridge 入口仅为隔离测试，不修改生产 OpenBao 或 Kubernetes。
+单元测试补充 TokenRequest 失败/空 token 无回退、重新申请 JWT、无期限 lease 拒绝、
+并发生命周期、退出清理及 manager 显式参数不受 BAO 环境身份覆盖。
+
+## 公共基础设施与领域适配
+
+Bao client/TLS 与认证生命周期已移至 `internal/infra/openbao`，与任何产品领域无关。
+Kubernetes 读写客户端由 manager 管理，Secret 凭据适配器只接收直连的 `client.Reader`。
+`adapter/openbao.Credentials` 仍属于 Database：它直接使用官方 KV v2 API，实现七键凭据、
+UID 路径、CAS=0 与回读确认的领域合同，不把这些规则推广为公共存储语义。
+后续供应用例需要的 repository 接口由领域侧按实际操作定义，不提前增加通用仓储抽象。
+分层约定见[总体架构](../architecture/overview.md#进程内依赖边界)。
+
+认证单元测试归公共 infra；真实认证与 Database 凭据读写的组合测试仍在 Database adapter。
+Database 集成测试和 lint 入口同时覆盖 `internal/infra/...`，避免拆包导致 CI 漏测。
+
 ## 设计入口
 
 - [系统规格](specification.md)：规范性行为与验收标准；

docs/database/api-reference.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 | --- | --- |
 | 状态 | API schema 与绑定 controller 已实现；供应、交付与删除清理未接入 |
 | API group/version | `database.ayatori.ddupan.top/v1alpha1` |
-| 最后更新 | 2026-09-25 |
+| 最后更新 | 2026-09-27 |
 
 以 [系统规格](specification.md) 与
 [ADR-0009](../decisions/0009-database-resource-and-claim.md) 为准。类型与生成的 CRD 已纳入源码，
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ Go 类型位于 `api/database/v1alpha1`，CRD 随 `config/crd` 发布；manager
 | Database | `spec.reclaimPolicy` | Retain 默认或 Delete |
 | Database | `spec.tenantRef.namespace/name/uid` | controller 写入的完整绑定身份，不是允许名单 |
 | Database | `status.instanceUID` | 观察时的 Instance 身份 |
+| Database | `status.credentialRef.mount/path` | 首次写入前固定的 KV v2 位置，不随部署配置迁移 |
+| Database | `status.credentialVersion` | 创建并回读成功后确认的正整数版本；省略表示未确认 |
 | Tenant | `spec.provision.instanceRef.name` | 动态申请来源，与 `spec.databaseRef` 互斥且必须二选一 |
 | Tenant | `spec.provision.database/loginRole` | 可省略，语义默认值由 controller 解析，不由 CRD 推导 |
 | Tenant | `spec.databaseRef.name` | 显式申请已有 Database，不额外指定 Instance |
@@ -36,6 +38,15 @@ Instance phase 沿用已批准枚举；Database/Tenant phase 暂不冻结供应
 `credentialRef.path` 是 mount 内逻辑路径，不包含 KV v2 的 `data/` 前缀。
 其部署允许范围、实际凭据读取和 URL 安全构造仍由后续 adapter/controller 验证。
 
+凭据位置与确认版本一旦写入便不可更改或移除；确认版本必须有对应位置。Conditions 描述
+当前可用性，不替代确认记录，也不能因读取暂时失败而清空记录。上述 schema 已有真实 API
+server 校验；独立的凭据准备用例在显式启用后填写这些字段，绑定 controller 不负责外部写入。
+未确认的已有值必须报 Conflict，不能用读取成功补记版本；已确认版本的恢复读取检查最新
+KV 版本，删除或版本漂移均需人工处理，不回退旧版本或生成替代密码。第一版不提供轮换入口。
+`CredentialsReady` 条件只描述凭据准备结果；它不授权实际数据库交付。
+`CreationStarted` 且无确认版本表示创建未完成确认，重入时停在 Conflict；不尝试推断
+进程中断前请求是否发出。完整执行和测试边界见[凭据准备闭环](README.md#凭据准备闭环)。
+
 示例：[Instance](../../config/samples/database_v1alpha1_postgresqlinstance.yaml)、
 [导入 Database](../../config/samples/database_v1alpha1_postgresqldatabase.yaml)、
 [动态/已有资源申请](../../config/samples/database_v1alpha1_postgresqltenant.yaml)。
@@ -47,7 +58,7 @@ API 接受两个 Tenant 引用同一 Database 不表示允许双重绑定；排
 已有资源必须有当前版本 Ready 观察、匹配的 Instance UID，并处于未绑定的 Available 状态。
 同一 Tenant 的资源侧记录已写入时，允许回读后补齐申请侧，不重新争抢资源。
 
-Tenant 进入 `status.phase=Binding` 后由 CEL 固定申请目标；Database 有实例身份观察或
+Tenant 进入 `status.phase=Binding` 后由 CEL 固定申请目标；Database 有实例身份观察、凭据位置或
 绑定后固定实际 database、loginRole、来源和凭据引用，回收策略仍可修改。
 读取绑定判断使用 APIReader，写入依靠 resourceVersion；watch/cache 负责触发协调。
 绑定顺序由 application service 协调，纯资格规则在领域层；Kubernetes adapter 负责快照

docs/database/deployment.md

@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 # 部署与配置
 
-> 本页迁入作为 Database 模块的目标部署合同。Ayatori manager flags、manifests 与发布装配尚未
-> 实现；当前行为以修订后的系统规格为准，本页不能直接用于部署。
+> 本页区分已实现的 Instance 观测、认证和凭据准备配置，与尚未接入的 PostgreSQL 供应/交付合同。
+> 完整 Database 服务仍不可部署使用；当前可执行入口见 [模块说明](README.md)。
 
 | 项目 | 内容 |
 | --- | --- |
 | 状态 | Review |
 | 环境 | homelab Kubernetes + 外部 PostgreSQL/OpenBao |
-| 最后更新 | 2026-09-24 |
+| 最后更新 | 2026-09-25 |
 
-本文定义 v1alpha1 的运行依赖、启动顺序和部署级配置。当前 manifests 尚未实现这些
-配置，示例是后续实现合同，不可直接用于现有脚手架。
+本文定义 v1alpha1 的运行依赖、启动顺序和部署级配置。Instance 观测已接入 manager；
+OpenBao 认证可显式启用；ESO 与完整供应装配仍是后续实现合同。
 
 ## 依赖与顺序
 
@@ -30,21 +30,28 @@
 
 ## Controller 配置合同
 
-以下是尚待实现的部署配置合同，凭据定位随三资源 API 继续细化。controller 使用这些 CLI flags。
+当前 manager 支持 `--database-secret-namespace`（默认 `POD_NAMESPACE`，为空则停用
+Instance 观测）与 `--database-root-cert`（公开 PostgreSQL CA PEM 路径）。Deployment
+通过 downward API 获取 namespace，Secret 权限由该 namespace 的 Role 授予。
+
+以下表格区分已实现的认证参数与尚待实现的供应/交付参数。
 必填项缺失、路径无效或 duration 不为正数时，进程必须在启动 manager 前失败；
 不得等到 reconcile 时才逐个资源报告配置错误。
 
 | CLI flag | 必填/默认 | 说明 |
 | --- | --- | --- |
-| `--openbao-address` | 必填 | controller 可访问的 OpenBao API address |
+| `--openbao-address` | 已实现，默认空 | HTTPS API 地址；为空时关闭认证会话 |
 | `--openbao-consumer-address` | 默认同 `--openbao-address` | 写入 Tenant status，必须能被预期外部消费者解析 |
-| `--openbao-auth-mount` | `kubernetes` | Kubernetes auth mount 名称 |
-| `--openbao-auth-role` | 必填 | controller ServiceAccount 对应 role |
-| `--openbao-kv-mount` | `kv` | KV v2 mount；开发可显式用 `secret` |
-| `--openbao-service-account-token-path` | `/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token` | Kubernetes auth 使用的投射 token 文件 |
-| `--openbao-tenant-base-path` | 默认 `postgresql-tenants` | controller 专属 mount-relative 前缀 |
+| `--openbao-auth-mount` | 已实现，`kubernetes` | Kubernetes auth mount 名称 |
+| `--openbao-auth-role` | 已实现，启用时必填 | OpenBao 登录 role |
+| `--openbao-ca-cert` | 已实现，默认系统信任根 | OpenBao 公开 CA PEM 路径 |
+| `--database-credential-mount` | 已实现，默认空 | 显式设置后启用应用凭据准备，要求已配置 OpenBao 认证 |
+| `--openbao-service-account-namespace` | 已实现，启用时必填 | TokenRequest 目标 SA 的固定 namespace |
+| `--openbao-service-account-name` | 已实现，启用时必填 | TokenRequest 目标 SA 名称 |
+| `--openbao-token-audience` | 已实现，`openbao` | SA JWT audience，必须匹配 OpenBao role |
+| `--database-credential-prefix` | 已实现，默认 `applications` | Database UID 路径的 mount-relative 前缀；不迁移已有位置 |
 | `--external-secret-store-name` | 必填 | controller 创建的 ExternalSecret 固定引用 |
-| `--postgresql-ca-bundle-path` | PostgreSQL TLS 模式必填 | 只读 PEM trust bundle，不含私钥 |
+| `--database-root-cert` | 已实现 | 只读 PEM trust bundle，不含私钥；沿用 Instance 连接配置 |
 | `--reconcile-timeout` | `30s` | 单轮 reconcile 中外部操作的总期限，必须大于零 |
 
 address 必须是绝对 `http` 或 `https` URL，不允许 userinfo、query 或 fragment，末尾 `/`
@@ -52,9 +59,40 @@ address 必须是绝对 `http` 或 `https` URL，不允许 userinfo、query 或
 `/` 开头，不含空段、`.` 或 `..`；base path 还不得编码 KV v2 的 `data`/`metadata`
 API 层。生产环境的 `--openbao-address` 必须使用 HTTPS；HTTP 只用于明确的开发 fixture。
 
+### 集群内与 systemd 共用 Kubernetes 认证
+
+controller 是 API 客户端，不要求部署为 Pod。OpenBao 认证直接复用 manager 已加载的
+Kubernetes 配置：集群外可用标准 `--kubeconfig`（或 `KUBECONFIG`），集群内可使用
+in-cluster 配置。禁止另要求 `/var/run/secrets/.../token` 文件或解析 kubeconfig 中的 bearer token。
+每次 Bao 登录前通过 TokenRequest 申请新的短期 SA JWT，Kubernetes JWT 与 Bao token 的
+生命周期分别由 API 签发和官方 SDK 续期管理；不把 kubeconfig 本身当成永久有效凭据。
+
+管理员为 controller 的实际 Kubernetes 身份授予目标 namespace 内
+`create serviceaccounts/token`，用 `resourceNames` 限定目标 SA；示例见
+[最小 RBAC](../../config/samples/database_openbao_auth_rbac.yaml)。集群外 RoleBinding subject
+对应 kubeconfig 的用户/组，集群内可绑定 manager SA；登录目标 SA 可以独立于调用者身份。
+controller 不创建 SA、Role/RoleBinding，也不向自己授予权限。不要求 `get secrets` 来获取 JWT。
+OpenBao role 还需限制 SA 名称、namespace 与 audience，TokenReview reviewer 身份由管理员配置。
+
+示例启动参数（仅示意，不包含真实 kubeconfig 或凭据）：
+
+```sh
+manager --kubeconfig=/etc/ayatori/controller.kubeconfig \
+  --database-secret-namespace=ayatori-system \
+  --openbao-address=https://bao.example:8200 \
+  --openbao-auth-role=ayatori-database \
+  --openbao-service-account-namespace=ayatori-system \
+  --openbao-service-account-name=database-openbao-login
+```
+
+这里的认证成功只开放 manager readiness，不代表 Database 已具备供应或交付能力。
+实例管理 Secret 的 namespace 同样由参数指定，systemd 模式不依赖 `POD_NAMESPACE` 环境变量。
+
 Tenant 不能选择任意凭据路径。凭据必须能随 Database 保留并安全交付给被授权的新 Tenant；
 原 `<base-path>/<namespace>/<metadata.name>` 定位规则不再直接作为新 API 合同。
-稳定位置与导入关联方式待 API 评审；consumer URL 仍使用无认证信息的 KV v2 API URL。
+动态供应位置使用 `<base-path>/<Database UID>`；导入使用 Database 的显式 credentialRef，
+不要求搬迁已有凭据。供应流程须先记录原 mount/path，不能在配置变化后重新推导位置。
+consumer URL 仍使用无认证信息的 KV v2 API URL。
 
 base path 必须是合法 mount-relative path，不以 `/` 开头且不包含空段、`.`、`..`、
 `data`/`metadata` API 层。ExternalSecret 固定命名为
@@ -77,14 +115,27 @@ base path 必须是合法 mount-relative path，不以 `/` 开头且不包含空
 - `Delete` 时禁止连接、终止目标 database session、删除已验证归属的 database/role。
 
 部分 PostgreSQL 操作天然要求较高权限，尤其终止其他 session 和安装某些 extension。
-应优先使用 PostgreSQL 预定义角色、受控 SECURITY DEFINER 管理函数或限定数据库的
-授权；任何不得不使用 superuser 的 extension 都必须按实例单独记录，不得扩大默认
-controller 权限。最终可执行 SQL grant 将随 PostgreSQL adapter 集成测试固化。
+第一版使用原生非 superuser 的 CREATEDB/CREATEROLE 方案，不引入 SECURITY DEFINER
+管理接口。对自行创建的 owner 显式建立 SET membership，再以 owner 管理 ACL 与扩展；
+已有对象仍须逐资源核实授权，不能凭基础属性接管。需要 superuser 的扩展不能扩大 controller
+权限。真实权限矩阵见 [Instance 原生管理观测](README.md#instance-原生管理观测)。
 
 ## OpenBao 与 ESO
 
-controller policy 仅允许在固定 tenant base path 下 create/read/update/delete KV v2
-data 和 metadata，Delete 必须能永久删除全部版本及 metadata；不读取管理凭据路径。
+当前凭据准备只需固定前缀下 KV v2 data 的 create/read/update 权限，不需要 metadata 或
+delete 权限，也不读取管理凭据路径。示例（`secret` 为测试 mount，需替换为实际配置）：
+
+```hcl
+path "secret/data/applications/*" {
+  capabilities = ["create", "read", "update"]
+}
+```
+
+在上面的认证启动参数基础上增加 `--database-credential-mount=secret` 即启用凭据准备；
+需要不同前缀时同时配置 `--database-credential-prefix` 和对应 policy。仅设置
+`--openbao-address` 不会启用凭据创建。缺少认证配置或非法 mount/prefix 在启动时失败。
+新字段 CRD 必须先升级再启用 controller，否则 API pruning 会使确认记录无法保存。
+未来 Delete 清理才需要永久删除全部版本及 metadata 的权限，本切片不提前授予。
 
 管理凭据由管理员维护的 ExternalSecret 同步到 controller namespace；其 ESO 身份
 只读对应管理路径，不能供 Tenant 使用。租户 ESO 身份只读 tenant base path，不得

docs/database/operations.md

@@ -5,13 +5,22 @@
 
 ## 当前绑定切片的限制
 
-源码已接入绑定 controller，未接入 PostgreSQL 供应、OpenBao/ESO 交付或删除清理。
+源码已接入绑定、Instance 观测与可选的 Bao 凭据准备，未接入 PostgreSQL 供应、ESO 交付或删除清理。
 Bound/BindingComplete 只表示 Kubernetes 双向记录一致，Ready 仍为 False。
 Tenant 删除会保留 `database.ayatori.ddupan.top/tenant-protection` 并报告 DeletionPending；
 Database 的 `database.ayatori.ddupan.top/database-protection` 也尚无清理后移除路径。
 这是未完成能力的明确边界，不是已经实现的 Retain/Delete 恢复逻辑。不要将此切片部署为
 业务 DBaaS，也不要为了消除等待状态直接移除 finalizer；后续必须补齐清理与验收。
 
+凭据准备现在可单独启用，见[部署参数](deployment.md)。观察 Database 的
+`CredentialsReady`、固定 `status.credentialRef` 和 `status.credentialVersion`，不要导出
+凭据内容。Prepared 只代表 Bao 凭据可用，不代表已建库或 Tenant Ready。
+`CreationStarted` 在创建结果确认前持久化；重启或失败留下该状态时报告 Conflict。
+这包括“状态已写但请求还没发出”的保守停止；不要因为当前位置暂时为空就重试生成密码。
+无确认版本的 Conflict 不会自行消失，后端恢复也不自动重入；应暂停该 controller、等待
+在途请求结束后核实版本历史、残留与绑定，再决定清理或显式导入。不要清空整个 status
+或更改固定引用来绕过保护。导入和完整人工恢复入口仍待对应切片实现。
+
 ## 日常检查
 
 Instance 观察已实现：先确认 manager 配置了 `--database-secret-namespace` 或 `POD_NAMESPACE`，

docs/database/security.md

@@ -24,6 +24,9 @@ Kubernetes 管理员、OpenBao 管理员和 PostgreSQL 管理员是平台信任
 ## 凭据处理
 
 - controller 使用 Kubernetes auth 获取短期 OpenBao token，不配置长期静态 token。
+- Kubernetes auth 不等于部署在 Kubernetes 内：复用 manager 的 kubeconfig/in-cluster 身份，
+  通过最小 RBAC 的指定 ServiceAccount TokenRequest 获取 JWT，不依赖 Pod 投射文件。
+  kubeconfig 的签发、更新与撤销由部署管理负责；申请失败不回退其他机器身份。
 - 管理凭据只从 Instance 引用的 controller namespace Secret 读取，不复制到
   CR/status/Event/metric/trace；管理员维护 ExternalSecret，由 ESO 同步该 Secret。
 - 动态供应密码使用密码学安全随机源；已有可靠关联时复用 OpenBao 现值，结果不确定时停止并报冲突。

docs/database/specification.md

@@ -192,6 +192,12 @@ mount/base path 属部署配置，Tenant 不得自选任意路径；原按 Tenan
 位置，不要求搬迁已有凭据。Released 不自动改密，管理员处理旧访问后才重新开放资源。
 不得因换 Tenant、改部署参数或重新绑定就隐式搬迁凭据或改密。
 
+2026-09-27 确认最小凭据记录：Database `status.credentialRef` 在首次外部写入前固定
+mount/path；`status.credentialVersion` 仅在成功创建并回读后保存 KV 版本。位置和确认版本
+不得自动更改或清空，Conditions 只描述当前可用性。已有值但无确认版本时报告 Conflict，
+不能靠读取成功认领；已确认凭据消失或最新版本不一致同样停止，等待人工核实。
+部署参数变化不得搬迁旧位置；确认记录写入的 resourceVersion 冲突不能通过盲目重试覆盖。
+
 TLS、OpenBao Kubernetes auth、controller/ESO 身份隔离、Secret 读取范围和防泄漏要求
 见 [安全模型](security.md)。这些安全约束继续适用。
 

go.mod

@@ -4,10 +4,13 @@ go 1.27.1
 
 require (
 	github.com/jackc/pgx/v5 v5.11.0
+	github.com/openbao/openbao/api/auth/kubernetes/v2 v2.7.0
+	github.com/openbao/openbao/api/v2 v2.7.0
 	k8s.io/api v0.37.0
 	k8s.io/apimachinery v0.37.0
 	k8s.io/client-go v0.37.0
 	sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime v0.25.0
+	sigs.k8s.io/yaml v1.6.0
 )
 
 require (
@@ -24,6 +27,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4 // indirect
 	github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.9.0 // indirect
 	github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2 v2.9.1 // indirect
+	github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v4 v4.1.4 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.3 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/zapr v1.3.0 // indirect
@@ -41,15 +45,25 @@ require (
 	github.com/go-openapi/swag/stringutils v0.27.1 // indirect
 	github.com/go-openapi/swag/typeutils v0.27.1 // indirect
 	github.com/go-openapi/swag/yamlutils v0.27.1 // indirect
+	github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/v2 v2.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/google/cel-go v0.29.2 // indirect
 	github.com/google/gnostic-models v0.7.0 // indirect
 	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0 // indirect
 	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.29.0 // indirect
+	github.com/hashicorp/errwrap v1.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/hashicorp/go-cleanhttp v0.5.2 // indirect
+	github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror v1.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/hashicorp/go-retryablehttp v0.7.8 // indirect
+	github.com/hashicorp/go-secure-stdlib/parseutil v0.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/hashicorp/go-secure-stdlib/strutil v0.1.2 // indirect
+	github.com/hashicorp/go-sockaddr v1.0.7 // indirect
+	github.com/hashicorp/hcl v1.0.1-vault-7 // indirect
 	github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jackc/pgpassfile v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jackc/pgservicefile v0.0.0-20240606120523-5a60cdf6a761 // indirect
 	github.com/jackc/puddle/v2 v2.2.2 // indirect
 	github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.12 // indirect
+	github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure v1.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180306012644-bacd9c7ef1dd // indirect
 	github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.3-0.20250322232337-35a7c28c31ee // indirect
 	github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822 // indirect
@@ -58,6 +72,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.2 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/common v0.70.0 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.21.1 // indirect
+	github.com/ryanuber/go-glob v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.10.2 // indirect
 	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.10 // indirect
 	github.com/x448/float16 v0.8.4 // indirect
@@ -75,7 +90,7 @@ require (
 	go.yaml.in/yaml/v2 v2.4.4 // indirect
 	go.yaml.in/yaml/v3 v3.0.5 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20260410095643-746e56fc9e2f // indirect
-	golang.org/x/net v0.57.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/net v0.58.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.36.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/sync v0.22.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/sys v0.47.0 // indirect
@@ -100,5 +115,4 @@ require (
 	sigs.k8s.io/json v0.0.0-20250730193827-2d320260d730 // indirect
 	sigs.k8s.io/randfill v1.0.0 // indirect
 	sigs.k8s.io/structured-merge-diff/v6 v6.4.2 // indirect
-	sigs.k8s.io/yaml v1.6.0 // indirect
 )

go.sum

@@ -23,12 +23,16 @@ github.com/evanphx/json-patch v0.5.2 h1:xVCHIVMUu1wtM/VkR9jVZ45N3FhZfYMMYGorLCR8
 github.com/evanphx/json-patch v0.5.2/go.mod h1:ZWS5hhDbVDyob71nXKNL0+PWn6ToqBHMikGIFbs31qQ=
 github.com/evanphx/json-patch/v5 v5.9.11 h1:/8HVnzMq13/3x9TPvjG08wUGqBTmZBsCWzjTM0wiaDU=
 github.com/evanphx/json-patch/v5 v5.9.11/go.mod h1:3j+LviiESTElxA4p3EMKAB9HXj3/XEtnUf6OZxqIQTM=
+github.com/fatih/color v1.19.0 h1:Zp3PiM21/9Ld6FzSKyL5c/BULoe/ONr9KlbYVOfG8+w=
+github.com/fatih/color v1.19.0/go.mod h1:zNk67I0ZUT1bEGsSGyCZYZNrHuTkJJB+r6Q9VuMi0LE=
 github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4 h1:NFTV2Zj1bL4mc9sqWACXbQFVBBg2W3GPvqp8/ESS2Wg=
 github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4/go.mod h1:m8KPJKqk1gH5J9DgRY2ASl2lWCfGKXixSwevea8zH2U=
 github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.9.0 h1:2Ml+OJNzbYCTzsxtv8vKSFD9PbJjmhYF14k/jKC7S9k=
 github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.9.0/go.mod h1:8jBTzvmWwFyi3Pb8djgCCO5IBqzKJ/Jwo8TRcHyHii0=
 github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2 v2.9.1 h1:2rWm8B193Ll4VdjsJY28jxs70IdDsHRWgQYAI80+rMQ=
 github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2 v2.9.1/go.mod h1:vM4b+DJCtHn+zz7h3FFp/hDAI9WNWCsZj23V5ytsSxQ=
+github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v4 v4.1.4 h1:moDMcTHmvE6Groj34emNPLs/qtYXRVcd6S7NHbHz3kA=
+github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v4 v4.1.4/go.mod h1:x4oUasVrzR7071A4TnHLGSPpNOm2a21K9Kf04k1rs08=
 github.com/go-logr/logr v1.2.2/go.mod h1:jdQByPbusPIv2/zmleS9BjJVeZ6kBagPoEUsqbVz/1A=
 github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.3 h1:CjnDlHq8ikf6E492q6eKboGOC0T8CDaOvkHCIg8idEI=
 github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.3/go.mod h1:9T104GzyrTigFIr8wt5mBrctHMim0Nb2HLGrmQ40KvY=
@@ -72,6 +76,10 @@ github.com/go-openapi/testify/v2 v2.6.0 h1:5PKH2HE7YJ/LuRPQGvSxBRlFXNQhSetBLlGAg
 github.com/go-openapi/testify/v2 v2.6.0/go.mod h1:SgsVHtfooshd0tublTtJ50FPKhujf47YRqauXXOUxfw=
 github.com/go-task/slim-sprig/v3 v3.0.0 h1:sUs3vkvUymDpBKi3qH1YSqBQk9+9D/8M2mN1vB6EwHI=
 github.com/go-task/slim-sprig/v3 v3.0.0/go.mod h1:W848ghGpv3Qj3dhTPRyJypKRiqCdHZiAzKg9hl15HA8=
+github.com/go-test/deep v1.1.1 h1:0r/53hagsehfO4bzD2Pgr/+RgHqhmf+k1Bpse2cTu1U=
+github.com/go-test/deep v1.1.1/go.mod h1:5C2ZWiW0ErCdrYzpqxLbTX7MG14M9iiw8DgHncVwcsE=
+github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/v2 v2.5.0 h1:vM5IJoUAy3d7zRSVtIwQgBj7BiWtMPfmPEgAXnvj1Ro=
+github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/v2 v2.5.0/go.mod h1:oJDH3BJKyqBA2TXFhDsKDGDTlndYOZ6rGS0BRZIxGhM=
 github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.4 h1:i7eJL8qZTpSEXOPTxNKhASYpMn+8e5Q6AdndVa1dWek=
 github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.4/go.mod h1:lnTiLA8Wa4RWRcIUkrtSVa5nRhsEGBg48fD6rSs7xps=
 github.com/google/cel-go v0.29.2 h1:ZtDxkeiMmz0mxbKDYiNkE5Lk7V5edMRcaaDf2jX002k=
@@ -89,6 +97,25 @@ github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0 h1:NIvaJDMOsjHA8n1jAhLSgzrAzy1Hgr+hNrb57e+94F0=
 github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0/go.mod h1:TIyPZe4MgqvfeYDBFedMoGGpEw/LqOeaOT+nhxU+yHo=
 github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.29.0 h1:5VipnvEpbqr2gA2VbM+nYVbkIF28c5ZQfqCBQ5g2xfk=
 github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.29.0/go.mod h1:Hyl3n6Twe1hvtd9XUXDec4pTvgMSEixRuQKPTMH2bNs=
+github.com/hashicorp/errwrap v1.0.0/go.mod h1:YH+1FKiLXxHSkmPseP+kNlulaMuP3n2brvKWEqk/Jc4=
+github.com/hashicorp/errwrap v1.1.0 h1:OxrOeh75EUXMY8TBjag2fzXGZ40LB6IKw45YeGUDY2I=
+github.com/hashicorp/errwrap v1.1.0/go.mod h1:YH+1FKiLXxHSkmPseP+kNlulaMuP3n2brvKWEqk/Jc4=
+github.com/hashicorp/go-cleanhttp v0.5.2 h1:035FKYIWjmULyFRBKPs8TBQoi0x6d9G4xc9neXJWAZQ=
+github.com/hashicorp/go-cleanhttp v0.5.2/go.mod h1:kO/YDlP8L1346E6Sodw+PrpBSV4/SoxCXGY6BqNFT48=
+github.com/hashicorp/go-hclog v1.6.3 h1:Qr2kF+eVWjTiYmU7Y31tYlP1h0q/X3Nl3tPGdaB11/k=
+github.com/hashicorp/go-hclog v1.6.3/go.mod h1:W4Qnvbt70Wk/zYJryRzDRU/4r0kIg0PVHBcfoyhpF5M=
+github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror v1.1.1 h1:H5DkEtf6CXdFp0N0Em5UCwQpXMWke8IA0+lD48awMYo=
+github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror v1.1.1/go.mod h1:iw975J/qwKPdAO1clOe2L8331t/9/fmwbPZ6JB6eMoM=
+github.com/hashicorp/go-retryablehttp v0.7.8 h1:ylXZWnqa7Lhqpk0L1P1LzDtGcCR0rPVUrx/c8Unxc48=
+github.com/hashicorp/go-retryablehttp v0.7.8/go.mod h1:rjiScheydd+CxvumBsIrFKlx3iS0jrZ7LvzFGFmuKbw=
+github.com/hashicorp/go-secure-stdlib/parseutil v0.2.0 h1:U+kC2dOhMFQctRfhK0gRctKAPTloZdMU5ZJxaesJ/VM=
+github.com/hashicorp/go-secure-stdlib/parseutil v0.2.0/go.mod h1:Ll013mhdmsVDuoIXVfBtvgGJsXDYkTw1kooNcoCXuE0=
+github.com/hashicorp/go-secure-stdlib/strutil v0.1.2 h1:kes8mmyCpxJsI7FTwtzRqEy9CdjCtrXrXGuOpxEA7Ts=
+github.com/hashicorp/go-secure-stdlib/strutil v0.1.2/go.mod h1:Gou2R9+il93BqX25LAKCLuM+y9U2T4hlwvT1yprcna4=
+github.com/hashicorp/go-sockaddr v1.0.7 h1:G+pTkSO01HpR5qCxg7lxfsFEZaG+C0VssTy/9dbT+Fw=
+github.com/hashicorp/go-sockaddr v1.0.7/go.mod h1:FZQbEYa1pxkQ7WLpyXJ6cbjpT8q0YgQaK/JakXqGyWw=
+github.com/hashicorp/hcl v1.0.1-vault-7 h1:ag5OxFVy3QYTFTJODRzTKVZ6xvdfLLCA1cy/Y6xGI0I=
+github.com/hashicorp/hcl v1.0.1-vault-7/go.mod h1:XYhtn6ijBSAj6n4YqAaf7RBPS4I06AItNorpy+MoQNM=
 github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 h1:wN+x4NVGpMsO7ErUn/mUI3vEoE6Jt13X2s0bqwp9tc8=
 github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0/go.mod h1:vpF70FUmC8bwa3OWnCshd2FqLfsEA9PFc4w1p2J65bw=
 github.com/jackc/pgpassfile v1.0.0 h1:/6Hmqy13Ss2zCq62VdNG8tM1wchn8zjSGOBJ6icpsIM=
@@ -105,6 +132,12 @@ github.com/klauspost/compress v1.19.0 h1:sXLILfc9jV2QYWkzFOPWStmcUVH2RHEB1JCdY2o
 github.com/klauspost/compress v1.19.0/go.mod h1:cwPg85FWrGar70rWktvGQj8/hthj3wpl0PGDogxkrSQ=
 github.com/kylelemons/godebug v1.1.0 h1:RPNrshWIDI6G2gRW9EHilWtl7Z6Sb1BR0xunSBf0SNc=
 github.com/kylelemons/godebug v1.1.0/go.mod h1:9/0rRGxNHcop5bhtWyNeEfOS8JIWk580+fNqagV/RAw=
+github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.15 h1:+u9SLTRGnXv73cEsnsmoZBom+dMU88B2M0aDcWy0/jY=
+github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.15/go.mod h1:6LmQG8QLFO4G5z1gPvYEzlUgJ2wF+stgPZH1UqBm1s8=
+github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.24 h1:tGZZoVgT/KiqK1c8ocVLeDS8BSWMRd47J3Lbz7vsReI=
+github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.24/go.mod h1:nMCL3Zebbrt45jsMDgnfIwz6ydEQApk5oEI3HqDio6A=
+github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure v1.5.0 h1:jeMsZIYE/09sWLaz43PL7Gy6RuMjD2eJVyuac5Z2hdY=
+github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure v1.5.0/go.mod h1:bFUtVrKA4DC2yAKiSyO/QUcy7e+RRV2QTWOzhPopBRo=
 github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180228061459-e0a39a4cb421/go.mod h1:6dJC0mAP4ikYIbvyc7fijjWJddQyLn8Ig3JB5CqoB9Q=
 github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180306012644-bacd9c7ef1dd h1:TRLaZ9cD/w8PVh93nsPXa1VrQ6jlwL5oN8l14QlcNfg=
 github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180306012644-bacd9c7ef1dd/go.mod h1:6dJC0mAP4ikYIbvyc7fijjWJddQyLn8Ig3JB5CqoB9Q=
@@ -117,6 +150,10 @@ github.com/onsi/ginkgo/v2 v2.27.4 h1:fcEcQW/A++6aZAZQNUmNjvA9PSOzefMJBerHJ4t8v8Y
 github.com/onsi/ginkgo/v2 v2.27.4/go.mod h1:ArE1D/XhNXBXCBkKOLkbsb2c81dQHCRcF5zwn/ykDRo=
 github.com/onsi/gomega v1.39.0 h1:y2ROC3hKFmQZJNFeGAMeHZKkjBL65mIZcvrLQBF9k6Q=
 github.com/onsi/gomega v1.39.0/go.mod h1:ZCU1pkQcXDO5Sl9/VVEGlDyp+zm0m1cmeG5TOzLgdh4=
+github.com/openbao/openbao/api/auth/kubernetes/v2 v2.7.0 h1:Fw/pJRMpMTH83pMByCyikRHhxuBDYcnyiNSiK8OqJW0=
+github.com/openbao/openbao/api/auth/kubernetes/v2 v2.7.0/go.mod h1:LkXPq4+8aLyQ+qoNBHcJF7nZFx0PYt2FOu+m7sdpAXU=
+github.com/openbao/openbao/api/v2 v2.7.0 h1:3CD1l3tr39nQraCgFGAWA5vYvPFzZoZrt3NL7DMQKAc=
+github.com/openbao/openbao/api/v2 v2.7.0/go.mod h1:uXbMoyH2pjSvNyTepinUvLde8pOJB82EuhUCfOKnKbo=
 github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 h1:FEBLx1zS214owpjy7qsBeixbURkuhQAwrK5UwLGTwt4=
 github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1/go.mod h1:bwawxfHBFNV+L2hUp1rHADufV3IMtnDRdf1r5NINEl0=
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0/go.mod h1:iKH77koFhYxTK1pcRnkKkqfTogsbg7gZNVY4sRDYZ/4=
@@ -131,6 +168,8 @@ github.com/prometheus/common v0.70.0/go.mod h1:S/SFasQmgGiYH6C81LKCtYa8QACgthGg5
 github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.21.1 h1:GljZCt+zSTS+NZq88cyQ1LjZ+RCHp3uVuabBWA5+OJI=
 github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.21.1/go.mod h1:aB55Cww9pdSJVHk0hUf0inxWyyjPogFIjmHKYgMKmtY=
 github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2 v2.1.0/go.mod h1:+Rmxgy9KzJVeS9/2gXHxylqXiyQDYRxCVz55jmeOWTM=
+github.com/ryanuber/go-glob v1.0.0 h1:iQh3xXAumdQ+4Ufa5b25cRpC5TYKlno6hsv6Cb3pkBk=
+github.com/ryanuber/go-glob v1.0.0/go.mod h1:807d1WSdnB0XRJzKNil9Om6lcp/3a0v4qIHxIXzX/Yc=
 github.com/spf13/cobra v1.10.2 h1:DMTTonx5m65Ic0GOoRY2c16WCbHxOOw6xxezuLaBpcU=
 github.com/spf13/cobra v1.10.2/go.mod h1:7C1pvHqHw5A4vrJfjNwvOdzYu0Gml16OCs2GRiTUUS4=
 github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.9/go.mod h1:McXfInJRrz4CZXVZOBLb0bTZqETkiAhM9Iw0y3An2Bg=
@@ -141,8 +180,8 @@ github.com/stretchr/objx v0.5.3 h1:jmXUvGomnU1o3W/V5h2VEradbpJDwGrzugQQvL0POH4=
 github.com/stretchr/objx v0.5.3/go.mod h1:rDQraq+vQZU7Fde9LOZLr8Tax6zZvy4kuNKF+QYS+U0=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.3.0/go.mod h1:M5WIy9Dh21IEIfnGCwXGc5bZfKNJtfHm1UVUgZn+9EI=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.0/go.mod h1:6Fq8oRcR53rry900zMqJjRRixrwX3KX962/h/Wwjteg=
-github.com/stretchr/testify v1.11.1 h1:7s2iGBzp5EwR7/aIZr8ao5+dra3wiQyKjjFuvgVKu7U=
-github.com/stretchr/testify v1.11.1/go.mod h1:wZwfW3scLgRK+23gO65QZefKpKQRnfz6sD981Nm4B6U=
+github.com/stretchr/testify v1.12.1 h1:EuwCh5fleGS7H32xRwO3wRGT7DxrDhLAT6FF8MpWDWE=
+github.com/stretchr/testify v1.12.1/go.mod h1:MDEgiDPPsNp5cuIrHPPCyornHKgEVbtFUmoNlxoYthg=
 github.com/x448/float16 v0.8.4 h1:qLwI1I70+NjRFUR3zs1JPUCgaCXSh3SW62uAKT1mSBM=
 github.com/x448/float16 v0.8.4/go.mod h1:14CWIYCyZA/cWjXOioeEpHeN/83MdbZDRQHoFcYsOfg=
 go.opentelemetry.io/auto/sdk v1.2.1 h1:jXsnJ4Lmnqd11kwkBV2LgLoFMZKizbCi5fNZ/ipaZ64=
@@ -180,8 +219,8 @@ golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20260410095643-746e56fc9e2f h1:W3F4c+6OLc6H2lb//N1q4WpJk
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20260410095643-746e56fc9e2f/go.mod h1:J1xhfL/vlindoeF/aINzNzt2Bket5bjo9sdOYzOsU80=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.38.0 h1:MECBjubtXD7yj4HrhIUcywNaGeNVUdfVnxmPajOk4yk=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.38.0/go.mod h1:V6Xz0pq8TQ3dGqVQ1FVHuelZpAL0uNhSkk9ogYP3c40=
-golang.org/x/net v0.57.0 h1:K5+3DljvIuDG9/Jv9rvyMywYNFCQ9RSUY6OOTTkT+tE=
-golang.org/x/net v0.57.0/go.mod h1:KpXc8iv+r3XplLAG/f7Jsf9RPszJzdR0f58q9vGOuEU=
+golang.org/x/net v0.58.0 h1:ynWG7rqYi4ccpTEuPZ2QGWHktVEM9DMCj9yzDE0Q7To=
+golang.org/x/net v0.58.0/go.mod h1:YwCddHnFlT7eLQqVprV19OnhLGtc5xOKgE0RyqgfWAU=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.36.0 h1:peZ/1z27fi9hUOFCAZaHyrpWG5lwe0RJEEEeH0ThlIs=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.36.0/go.mod h1:YDBUJMTkDnJS+A4BP4eZBjCqtokkg1hODuPjwiGPO7Q=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.22.0 h1:SZjpbeLmrCk4xhRSZFNZW5gFUeCeFgjekvI/+gfScek=

internal/bootstrap/database.go

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+package bootstrap
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+
+	bao "github.com/openbao/openbao/api/v2"
+
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/adapter/kubernetes"
+	databasebao "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/adapter/openbao"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/adapter/postgresql"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/application"
+	databasecontroller "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/controller"
+	ctrl "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime"
+)
+
+type databaseOptions struct {
+	secretNamespace  string
+	rootCert         string
+	credentialMount  string
+	credentialPrefix string
+}
+
+func (o *databaseOptions) bindFlags(flags *flag.FlagSet) {
+	flags.StringVar(&o.secretNamespace, "database-secret-namespace", os.Getenv("POD_NAMESPACE"),
+		"固定管理 Secret namespace；为空时不启用 Instance 观测")
+	flags.StringVar(&o.rootCert, "database-root-cert", "", "PostgreSQL 管理连接信任的公开 CA bundle 路径")
+	flags.StringVar(&o.credentialMount, "database-credential-mount", "", "应用凭据 KV v2 mount；为空时不启用凭据准备")
+	flags.StringVar(&o.credentialPrefix, "database-credential-prefix", "applications", "应用凭据路径前缀；已有固定位置不随配置变化迁移")
+}
+
+func (o databaseOptions) configureManager(options *ctrl.Options) {
+	if o.secretNamespace != "" {
+		options.Cache = databasecontroller.InstanceCacheOptions(o.secretNamespace)
+	}
+}
+
+// setupDatabase 封装 Database 的内部装配，并返回在 manager 停止后执行的清理。
+func setupDatabase(ctx context.Context, manager ctrl.Manager, options databaseOptions, baoClient *bao.Client) (func(), error) {
+	cleanup := func() {}
+	if options.secretNamespace != "" {
+		service, err := setupInstanceObservation(manager, options.secretNamespace, options.rootCert)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("set up Instance observation: %w", err)
+		}
+		cleanup = service.Close
+	}
+	if err := (&databasecontroller.BindingReconciler{}).SetupWithManager(ctx, manager); err != nil {
+		cleanup()
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("set up Database binding controller: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err := setupCredentialPreparation(manager, options, baoClient); err != nil {
+		cleanup()
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("set up Database credential preparation: %w", err)
+	}
+	return cleanup, nil
+}
+
+func setupCredentialPreparation(manager ctrl.Manager, options databaseOptions, baoClient *bao.Client) error {
+	if options.credentialMount == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if baoClient == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("database credential preparation requires OpenBao authentication configuration")
+	}
+	store, err := databasebao.NewCredentials(baoClient, options.credentialMount, options.credentialPrefix)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return (&databasecontroller.CredentialReconciler{Store: store}).SetupWithManager(manager)
+}
+
+func setupInstanceObservation(manager ctrl.Manager, namespace, rootCert string) (*application.InstanceService, error) {
+	credentials, err := kubernetes.NewSecretCredentials(manager.GetAPIReader(), namespace)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	service, err := application.NewInstanceService(credentials, postgresql.Connector{RootCert: rootCert})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	reconciler := &databasecontroller.InstanceReconciler{Observer: service, SecretNamespace: namespace}
+	if err := reconciler.SetupWithManager(manager); err != nil {
+		service.Close()
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return service, nil
+}

internal/bootstrap/manager.go

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+package bootstrap
+
+import (
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
+	utilruntime "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/runtime"
+	clientgoscheme "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes/scheme"
+
+	// 保留 kubeconfig 支持的官方认证插件，不自建身份加载流程。
+	_ "k8s.io/client-go/plugin/pkg/client/auth"
+	ctrl "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/healthz"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/metrics/filters"
+	metricsserver "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/metrics/server"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/webhook"
+
+	databasev1alpha1 "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/api/database/v1alpha1"
+	executionv1alpha1 "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/api/execution/v1alpha1"
+)
+
+func newManager(options options) (ctrl.Manager, error) {
+	config, err := ctrl.GetConfig()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("load Kubernetes configuration: %w", err)
+	}
+	configuration := options.manager.configuration()
+	options.database.configureManager(&configuration)
+	manager, err := ctrl.NewManager(config, configuration)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create controller manager: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err := manager.AddHealthzCheck("healthz", healthz.Ping); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("set up health check: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err := manager.AddReadyzCheck("readyz", healthz.Ping); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("set up readiness check: %w", err)
+	}
+	return manager, nil
+}
+
+func (o managerOptions) configuration() ctrl.Options {
+	scheme := runtime.NewScheme()
+	utilruntime.Must(clientgoscheme.AddToScheme(scheme))
+	utilruntime.Must(executionv1alpha1.AddToScheme(scheme))
+	utilruntime.Must(databasev1alpha1.AddToScheme(scheme))
+	return ctrl.Options{
+		Scheme:                 scheme,
+		Metrics:                o.metricsOptions(),
+		WebhookServer:          webhook.NewServer(o.webhookOptions()),
+		HealthProbeBindAddress: o.probeAddr,
+		LeaderElection:         o.enableLeaderElection,
+		LeaderElectionID:       "a6325ed6.ddupan.top",
+		// 保持默认不主动释放选主 Lease：manager 停止后还要完成组件清理。
+	}
+}
+
+func (o managerOptions) tlsOptions() []func(*tls.Config) {
+	if o.enableHTTP2 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	// 默认禁用 HTTP/2，沿用 scaffold 对 Rapid Reset 等风险的防护。
+	return []func(*tls.Config){func(config *tls.Config) {
+		config.NextProtos = []string{"http/1.1"}
+	}}
+}
+
+func (o managerOptions) metricsOptions() metricsserver.Options {
+	options := metricsserver.Options{
+		BindAddress:   o.metricsAddr,
+		SecureServing: o.secureMetrics,
+		TLSOpts:       o.tlsOptions(),
+	}
+	if o.secureMetrics {
+		options.FilterProvider = filters.WithAuthenticationAndAuthorization
+	}
+	if o.metricsCertPath != "" {
+		options.CertDir = o.metricsCertPath
+		options.CertName = o.metricsCertName
+		options.KeyName = o.metricsCertKey
+	}
+	return options
+}
+
+func (o managerOptions) webhookOptions() webhook.Options {
+	options := webhook.Options{Port: o.webhookPort, TLSOpts: o.tlsOptions()}
+	if o.webhookCertPath != "" {
+		options.CertDir = o.webhookCertPath
+		options.CertName = o.webhookCertName
+		options.KeyName = o.webhookCertKey
+	}
+	return options
+}

internal/bootstrap/manager_integration_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+//go:build integration
+
+package bootstrap
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	bao "github.com/openbao/openbao/api/v2"
+
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/envtest"
+)
+
+func TestBootstrapWithRealAPIServer(t *testing.T) {
+	environment := &envtest.Environment{
+		CRDDirectoryPaths:     []string{"../../config/crd/bases"},
+		ErrorIfCRDPathMissing: true,
+	}
+	config, err := environment.Start()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		if err := environment.Stop(); err != nil {
+			t.Error(err)
+		}
+	})
+	user, err := environment.AddUser(envtest.User{Name: "bootstrap-fixture", Groups: []string{"system:masters"}}, config)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	data, err := user.KubeConfig()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("cannot generate isolated fixture kubeconfig")
+	}
+	// 仅写临时 envtest 身份，不读取现场 kubeconfig；t.TempDir 会自动清理。
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "kubeconfig")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, data, 0600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	t.Setenv("KUBECONFIG", path)
+	t.Setenv("POD_NAMESPACE", "")
+	options := parseTestOptions(t, "--metrics-bind-address=0", "--health-probe-bind-address=0", "--webhook-port=-1")
+	manager, err := newManager(options)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	baoClient, err := setupOpenBaoAuthentication(manager, options.openBao)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(t.Context(), 30*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+	cleanup, err := setupDatabase(ctx, manager, options.database, baoClient)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer cleanup()
+	// 空 API 中没有供应目标；此处验证启用路径确实注册 controller，不访问外部 Bao。
+	fixtureConfig := bao.NewConfig()
+	fixtureConfig.Address = "http://127.0.0.1:1"
+	fixtureClient, err := bao.NewClient(fixtureConfig)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	options.database.credentialMount = "secret"
+	if err := setupCredentialPreparation(manager, options.database, fixtureClient); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	done := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() { done <- manager.Start(ctx) }()
+	defer func() {
+		cancel()
+		select {
+		case err := <-done:
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Error(err)
+			}
+		case <-time.After(20 * time.Second):
+			t.Error("manager did not stop before component cleanup")
+		}
+	}()
+	if !manager.GetCache().WaitForCacheSync(ctx) {
+		t.Fatal("assembled controller cache did not synchronize")
+	}
+}

internal/bootstrap/openbao.go

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2026.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package bootstrap
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"flag"
+	"net/http"
+
+	bao "github.com/openbao/openbao/api/v2"
+
+	ctrl "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime"
+
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/infra/openbao"
+)
+
+type openBaoOptions struct {
+	address  string
+	caCert   string
+	mount    string
+	role     string
+	identity openbao.KubernetesIdentity
+}
+
+func (o *openBaoOptions) bindFlags(flags *flag.FlagSet) {
+	flags.StringVar(&o.address, "openbao-address", "", "OpenBao HTTPS 地址；为空时不启用认证会话")
+	flags.StringVar(&o.caCert, "openbao-ca-cert", "", "OpenBao 公开 CA PEM 路径；默认使用系统信任根")
+	flags.StringVar(&o.mount, "openbao-auth-mount", "kubernetes", "OpenBao Kubernetes auth mount")
+	flags.StringVar(&o.role, "openbao-auth-role", "", "OpenBao 登录 role")
+	flags.StringVar(&o.identity.Namespace, "openbao-service-account-namespace", "",
+		"TokenRequest 的固定 ServiceAccount namespace")
+	flags.StringVar(&o.identity.ServiceAccount, "openbao-service-account-name", "", "TokenRequest 的固定 ServiceAccount 名称")
+	flags.StringVar(&o.identity.Audience, "openbao-token-audience", "openbao", "SA JWT audience，须匹配 OpenBao role")
+}
+
+func setupOpenBaoAuthentication(manager ctrl.Manager, options openBaoOptions) (*bao.Client, error) {
+	if options.address == "" {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	client, err := openbao.NewClient(options.address, options.caCert)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	// 复用 manager 已装配的 Kubernetes client，不重复加载配置或创建客户端。
+	session, err := openbao.NewKubernetesSession(
+		client, manager.GetClient(), options.mount, options.role, options.identity,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if err := manager.Add(session); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	err = manager.AddReadyzCheck("openbao-auth", func(_ *http.Request) error {
+		if !session.Ready() {
+			return errors.New("OpenBao Kubernetes authentication unavailable")
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return client, nil
+}

internal/bootstrap/options.go

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+package bootstrap
+
+import (
+	"flag"
+
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/log/zap"
+)
+
+type options struct {
+	manager  managerOptions
+	database databaseOptions
+	openBao  openBaoOptions
+	logging  zap.Options
+}
+
+func (o *options) bindFlags(flags *flag.FlagSet) {
+	o.manager.bindFlags(flags)
+	o.database.bindFlags(flags)
+	o.openBao.bindFlags(flags)
+	o.logging.Development = true
+	o.logging.BindFlags(flags)
+}
+
+type managerOptions struct {
+	metricsAddr          string
+	metricsCertPath      string
+	metricsCertName      string
+	metricsCertKey       string
+	webhookCertPath      string
+	webhookCertName      string
+	webhookCertKey       string
+	webhookPort          int
+	enableLeaderElection bool
+	probeAddr            string
+	secureMetrics        bool
+	enableHTTP2          bool
+}
+
+func (o *managerOptions) bindFlags(flags *flag.FlagSet) {
+	flags.StringVar(&o.metricsAddr, "metrics-bind-address", "0", "The address the metrics endpoint binds to. "+
+		"Use :8443 for HTTPS or :8080 for HTTP, or leave as 0 to disable the metrics service.")
+	flags.StringVar(&o.probeAddr, "health-probe-bind-address", ":8081", "The address the probe endpoint binds to.")
+	flags.BoolVar(&o.enableLeaderElection, "leader-elect", false,
+		"Enable leader election for controller manager. "+
+			"Enabling this will ensure there is only one active controller manager.")
+	flags.BoolVar(&o.secureMetrics, "metrics-secure", true,
+		"If set, the metrics endpoint is served securely via HTTPS. Use --metrics-secure=false to use HTTP instead.")
+	flags.StringVar(&o.webhookCertPath, "webhook-cert-path", "", "The directory that contains the webhook certificate.")
+	flags.StringVar(&o.webhookCertName, "webhook-cert-name", "tls.crt", "The name of the webhook certificate file.")
+	flags.StringVar(&o.webhookCertKey, "webhook-cert-key", "tls.key", "The name of the webhook key file.")
+	flags.IntVar(&o.webhookPort, "webhook-port", 9443, "Port the webhook server listens on. "+
+		"Defaults to 9443. Set -1 to disable the webhook server.")
+	flags.StringVar(&o.metricsCertPath, "metrics-cert-path", "",
+		"The directory that contains the metrics server certificate.")
+	flags.StringVar(&o.metricsCertName, "metrics-cert-name", "tls.crt", "The name of the metrics server certificate file.")
+	flags.StringVar(&o.metricsCertKey, "metrics-cert-key", "tls.key", "The name of the metrics server key file.")
+	flags.BoolVar(&o.enableHTTP2, "enable-http2", false,
+		"If set, HTTP/2 will be enabled for the metrics and webhook servers")
+}

internal/bootstrap/options_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+package bootstrap
+
+import (
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"flag"
+	"slices"
+	"testing"
+
+	corev1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
+
+	databasev1alpha1 "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/api/database/v1alpha1"
+	executionv1alpha1 "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/api/execution/v1alpha1"
+)
+
+func parseTestOptions(t *testing.T, args ...string) options {
+	t.Helper()
+	flags := flag.NewFlagSet("bootstrap-test", flag.ContinueOnError)
+	var options options
+	options.bindFlags(flags)
+	if err := flags.Parse(args); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return options
+}
+
+func TestDefaultConfiguration(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("POD_NAMESPACE", "")
+	options := parseTestOptions(t)
+	manager := options.manager.configuration()
+	if manager.Metrics.BindAddress != "0" || !manager.Metrics.SecureServing || manager.Metrics.FilterProvider == nil {
+		t.Fatal("metrics defaults or authentication changed")
+	}
+	if manager.HealthProbeBindAddress != ":8081" || manager.LeaderElection ||
+		manager.LeaderElectionID != "a6325ed6.ddupan.top" || manager.LeaderElectionReleaseOnCancel {
+		t.Fatal("probe or leader election defaults changed")
+	}
+	if options.manager.webhookOptions().Port != 9443 || !options.logging.Development {
+		t.Fatal("webhook or logging defaults changed")
+	}
+	if options.database.secretNamespace != "" || options.database.credentialMount != "" || options.openBao.address != "" {
+		t.Fatal("optional backends enabled by default")
+	}
+	if options.openBao.mount != "kubernetes" || options.openBao.identity.Audience != "openbao" {
+		t.Fatal("OpenBao defaults changed")
+	}
+	options.database.configureManager(&manager)
+	if len(manager.Cache.ByObject) != 0 {
+		t.Fatal("disabled observation unexpectedly configured Secret cache")
+	}
+	for _, object := range []runtime.Object{
+		&corev1.Secret{}, &corev1.ServiceAccount{}, &executionv1alpha1.Job{},
+		&databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLInstance{}, &databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabase{}, &databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLTenant{},
+	} {
+		if _, _, err := manager.Scheme.ObjectKinds(object); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("missing scheme registration for %T: %v", object, err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCredentialPreparationOptions(t *testing.T) {
+	options := parseTestOptions(t, "--database-credential-mount=applications-kv", "--database-credential-prefix=database")
+	if options.database.credentialMount != "applications-kv" || options.database.credentialPrefix != "database" {
+		t.Fatal("凭据准备参数未传入领域装配")
+	}
+	if err := setupCredentialPreparation(nil, options.database, nil); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("启用凭据准备必须有显式配置的认证 client")
+	}
+	if err := setupCredentialPreparation(nil, databaseOptions{}, nil); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("默认停用凭据准备不应要求后端")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestManagerFlagOverrides(t *testing.T) {
+	options := parseTestOptions(t,
+		"--metrics-bind-address=:9090", "--metrics-secure=false", "--health-probe-bind-address=:9091",
+		"--leader-elect", "--webhook-port=-1", "--metrics-cert-path=/fixture/metrics",
+		"--metrics-cert-name=server.crt", "--metrics-cert-key=server.key", "--webhook-cert-path=/fixture/webhook",
+		"--webhook-cert-name=hook.crt", "--webhook-cert-key=hook.key",
+	)
+	manager := options.manager.configuration()
+	if manager.Metrics.BindAddress != ":9090" || manager.Metrics.SecureServing || manager.Metrics.FilterProvider != nil ||
+		manager.HealthProbeBindAddress != ":9091" || !manager.LeaderElection {
+		t.Fatal("manager flags not applied")
+	}
+	if manager.Metrics.CertDir != "/fixture/metrics" || manager.Metrics.CertName != "server.crt" || manager.Metrics.KeyName != "server.key" {
+		t.Fatal("metrics certificate flags not applied")
+	}
+	webhook := options.manager.webhookOptions()
+	if webhook.Port != -1 || webhook.CertDir != "/fixture/webhook" || webhook.CertName != "hook.crt" || webhook.KeyName != "hook.key" {
+		t.Fatal("webhook flags not applied")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHTTP2Policy(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, enabled := range []bool{false, true} {
+		args := []string{}
+		if enabled {
+			args = append(args, "--enable-http2")
+		}
+		options := parseTestOptions(t, args...)
+		for _, callbacks := range [][]func(*tls.Config){options.manager.metricsOptions().TLSOpts, options.manager.webhookOptions().TLSOpts} {
+			config := &tls.Config{NextProtos: []string{"h2", "http/1.1"}}
+			for _, callback := range callbacks {
+				callback(config)
+			}
+			if slices.Contains(config.NextProtos, "h2") != enabled || !slices.Contains(config.NextProtos, "http/1.1") {
+				t.Fatal("HTTP/2 policy changed")
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestComponentFlagsAndNamespaceScope(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("POD_NAMESPACE", "from-environment")
+	if parseTestOptions(t).database.secretNamespace != "from-environment" {
+		t.Fatal("namespace environment default lost")
+	}
+	options := parseTestOptions(t,
+		"--database-secret-namespace=controller", "--database-root-cert=/fixture/postgres-ca.pem",
+		"--openbao-address=https://bao.example", "--openbao-ca-cert=/fixture/bao-ca.pem",
+		"--openbao-auth-mount=cluster", "--openbao-auth-role=controller",
+		"--openbao-service-account-namespace=identity", "--openbao-service-account-name=bao-login",
+		"--openbao-token-audience=bao",
+	)
+	if options.database.secretNamespace != "controller" || options.database.rootCert != "/fixture/postgres-ca.pem" {
+		t.Fatal("Database flags not applied")
+	}
+	bao := options.openBao
+	if bao.address != "https://bao.example" || bao.caCert != "/fixture/bao-ca.pem" || bao.mount != "cluster" ||
+		bao.role != "controller" || bao.identity.Namespace != "identity" || bao.identity.ServiceAccount != "bao-login" || bao.identity.Audience != "bao" {
+		t.Fatal("OpenBao flags not applied")
+	}
+	manager := options.manager.configuration()
+	options.database.configureManager(&manager)
+	if len(manager.Cache.ByObject) != 1 {
+		t.Fatal("Secret cache scope missing")
+	}
+	for object, config := range manager.Cache.ByObject {
+		if _, ok := object.(*corev1.Secret); !ok {
+			t.Fatal("unexpected cache object")
+		}
+		if _, ok := config.Namespaces["controller"]; !ok || len(config.Namespaces) != 1 {
+			t.Fatal("Secret cache escaped explicit namespace")
+		}
+	}
+}

internal/bootstrap/run.go

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// Package bootstrap 负责 controller-manager 的参数解析、依赖装配与启动。
+package bootstrap
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+
+	ctrl "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/log/zap"
+)
+
+var setupLog = ctrl.Log.WithName("setup")
+
+// Run 只编排启动顺序；命令行参数与信号处理在进程中初始化一次。
+func Run() error {
+	var options options
+	options.bindFlags(flag.CommandLine)
+	flag.Parse()
+	ctrl.SetLogger(zap.New(zap.UseFlagOptions(&options.logging)))
+
+	manager, err := newManager(options)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	baoClient, err := setupOpenBaoAuthentication(manager, options.openBao)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("set up OpenBao authentication: %w", err)
+	}
+	cleanup, err := setupDatabase(context.Background(), manager, options.database, baoClient)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	// manager 的 worker 完全停止后才释放组件持有的资源。
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	setupLog.Info("Starting manager")
+	if err := manager.Start(ctrl.SetupSignalHandler()); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("run controller manager: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}

internal/database/adapter/kubernetes/binding_resources.go

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import (
 const (
 	TenantFinalizer   = "database.ayatori.ddupan.top/tenant-protection"
 	DatabaseFinalizer = "database.ayatori.ddupan.top/database-protection"
+	readyCondition    = "Ready"
 )
 
 // BindingResources 读取领域所需事实，并把用例结果呈现为 CR、finalizer 与 Conditions。
@@ -148,7 +149,7 @@ func (r *BindingResources) presentStatus(ctx context.Context, object *databasev1
 		}
 	}
 	meta.SetStatusCondition(&object.Status.Conditions, metav1.Condition{
-		Type: "Ready", Status: metav1.ConditionFalse, Reason: status.Reason, Message: status.Message,
+		Type: readyCondition, Status: metav1.ConditionFalse, Reason: status.Reason, Message: status.Message,
 		ObservedGeneration: object.Generation,
 	})
 	if equality.Semantic.DeepEqual(*previous, object.Status) {
@@ -186,6 +187,6 @@ func bindingVersionConflict(resource, name string) error {
 }
 
 func currentReady(generation int64, conditions []metav1.Condition) bool {
-	condition := meta.FindStatusCondition(conditions, "Ready")
+	condition := meta.FindStatusCondition(conditions, readyCondition)
 	return condition != nil && condition.Status == metav1.ConditionTrue && condition.ObservedGeneration == generation
 }

internal/database/adapter/kubernetes/credential_resources.go

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+package kubernetes
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+
+	databasev1alpha1 "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/api/database/v1alpha1"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/application"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/domain/binding"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/equality"
+	apierrors "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/errors"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/meta"
+	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/types"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/client"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/controller/controllerutil"
+)
+
+// CredentialResources 只映射资源事实与状态写入，供应资格和执行顺序由用例决定。
+type CredentialResources struct {
+	Client client.Client
+	Reader client.Reader
+}
+
+var _ application.CredentialResources = (*CredentialResources)(nil)
+
+func (r *CredentialResources) Load(ctx context.Context, name string) (*application.CredentialRecord, error) {
+	database := &databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabase{}
+	if err := r.Reader.Get(ctx, types.NamespacedName{Name: name}, database); err != nil {
+		return nil, client.IgnoreNotFound(err)
+	}
+	record := &application.CredentialRecord{
+		Database: *bindingDatabase(database), DatabaseProtected: controllerutil.ContainsFinalizer(database, DatabaseFinalizer),
+		Status: credentialStatus(database),
+	}
+	if database.Spec.Source != "Provision" {
+		return record, nil
+	}
+	if ref := database.Spec.TenantRef; ref != nil {
+		tenant := &databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLTenant{}
+		err := r.Reader.Get(ctx, types.NamespacedName{Namespace: ref.Namespace, Name: string(ref.Name)}, tenant)
+		if err != nil && !apierrors.IsNotFound(err) {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		if err == nil {
+			record.Tenant = bindingTenant(tenant)
+			record.TenantProtected = controllerutil.ContainsFinalizer(tenant, TenantFinalizer)
+		}
+	}
+	instance := &databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLInstance{}
+	err := r.Reader.Get(ctx, types.NamespacedName{Name: string(database.Spec.InstanceRef.Name)}, instance)
+	if err != nil {
+		return record, client.IgnoreNotFound(err)
+	}
+	observed, err := instanceRecord(instance)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	record.Instance = &application.CredentialInstance{
+		Identity: binding.Identity{Name: instance.Name, UID: string(instance.UID)},
+		Deleting: !instance.DeletionTimestamp.IsZero(), Ready: currentReady(instance.Generation, instance.Status.Conditions),
+		Generation: instance.Generation, Endpoint: observed.Target.Definition().Endpoint(),
+	}
+	return record, nil
+}
+
+func credentialStatus(database *databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabase) application.CredentialStatus {
+	status := application.CredentialStatus{Version: database.Status.CredentialVersion}
+	if ref := database.Status.CredentialRef; ref != nil {
+		status.Location = &application.CredentialLocation{Mount: ref.Mount, Path: ref.Path}
+	}
+	if condition := meta.FindStatusCondition(database.Status.Conditions, application.CredentialsReady); condition != nil {
+		status.Ready = condition.Status == metav1.ConditionTrue && condition.ObservedGeneration == database.Generation
+		status.Reason, status.Message = condition.Reason, condition.Message
+	}
+	return status
+}
+
+func (r *CredentialResources) Save(ctx context.Context, record *application.CredentialRecord, status application.CredentialStatus) (*application.CredentialRecord, error) {
+	bindingResources := &BindingResources{Client: r.Client, Reader: r.Reader}
+	database, err := bindingResources.databaseAtVersion(ctx, &record.Database)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	previous := database.Status.DeepCopy()
+	if status.Location != nil {
+		database.Status.CredentialRef = &databasev1alpha1.CredentialReference{Mount: status.Location.Mount, Path: status.Location.Path}
+	}
+	database.Status.CredentialVersion = status.Version
+	conditionStatus := metav1.ConditionFalse
+	if status.Ready {
+		conditionStatus = metav1.ConditionTrue
+	}
+	meta.SetStatusCondition(&database.Status.Conditions, metav1.Condition{
+		Type: application.CredentialsReady, Status: conditionStatus, Reason: status.Reason, Message: status.Message,
+		ObservedGeneration: database.Generation,
+	})
+	meta.SetStatusCondition(&database.Status.Conditions, metav1.Condition{
+		Type: readyCondition, Status: metav1.ConditionFalse, Reason: "ProvisioningIncomplete",
+		Message: "凭据准备不代表 PostgreSQL 供应、应用登录或 Tenant 交付已经完成", ObservedGeneration: database.Generation,
+	})
+	database.Status.ObservedGeneration = database.Generation
+	if !equality.Semantic.DeepEqual(*previous, database.Status) {
+		if err := r.Client.Status().Update(ctx, database); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	updated := *record
+	updated.Database = *bindingDatabase(database)
+	updated.Status = credentialStatus(database)
+	// 旧 CRD 会裁剪未知 status 字段。不能把 HTTP 成功当作位置/版本已保存后继续写后端。
+	if !equality.Semantic.DeepEqual(updated.Status.Location, status.Location) || updated.Status.Version != status.Version {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("凭据位置或版本未被 API 保留；请先升级 Database CRD，未继续外部操作")
+	}
+	return &updated, nil
+}
+
+func (r *CredentialResources) CheckCurrent(ctx context.Context, record *application.CredentialRecord) error {
+	current, err := r.Load(ctx, record.Database.Identity.Name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if current == nil || current.Database.Identity != record.Database.Identity || current.Database.Revision != record.Database.Revision ||
+		!sameCredentialDependencies(current, record) {
+		return apierrors.NewConflict(databasev1alpha1.GroupVersion.WithResource("postgresqldatabases").GroupResource(), record.Database.Identity.Name,
+			fmt.Errorf("凭据准备的资源快照已变化；停止本轮操作并重新观察"))
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func sameCredentialDependencies(current, previous *application.CredentialRecord) bool {
+	if current.Tenant == nil || previous.Tenant == nil || current.Instance == nil || previous.Instance == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	// Tenant Ready 的诊断变化、Instance 对同一 generation 的观测刷新不改变写入目标。
+	// 仍检查申请 spec generation、完整绑定身份、删除状态、保护和当前 Instance Ready。
+	return current.Tenant.Generation == previous.Tenant.Generation &&
+		equality.Semantic.DeepEqual(current.Tenant.Tenant, previous.Tenant.Tenant) &&
+		current.TenantProtected == previous.TenantProtected && current.DatabaseProtected == previous.DatabaseProtected &&
+		current.Instance.Instance == previous.Instance.Instance && current.Instance.Generation == previous.Instance.Generation &&
+		current.Instance.Endpoint == previous.Instance.Endpoint
+}

internal/database/adapter/kubernetes/credentials.go

@@ -22,10 +22,8 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 
 	corev1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
-	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/validation"
-	typedcore "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes/typed/core/v1"
-	"k8s.io/client-go/rest"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/client"
 
 	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/application"
 	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/domain/instance"
@@ -34,18 +32,16 @@ import (
 // SecretCredentials 直接读取 API server，不将 Secret 数据纳入共享 informer cache。
 // namespace 在装配时固定，Instance 不能选择跨 namespace 读取。
 type SecretCredentials struct {
-	secrets typedcore.SecretInterface
+	reader    client.Reader
+	namespace string
 }
 
-func NewSecretCredentials(config *rest.Config, namespace string) (*SecretCredentials, error) {
-	if config == nil || len(validation.IsDNS1123Label(namespace)) != 0 {
-		return nil, errors.New("valid controller namespace and API configuration required")
+// NewSecretCredentials 要求注入 manager.GetAPIReader() 或等价直连 reader，不可使用缓存 reader。
+func NewSecretCredentials(reader client.Reader, namespace string) (*SecretCredentials, error) {
+	if reader == nil || len(validation.IsDNS1123Label(namespace)) != 0 {
+		return nil, errors.New("valid controller namespace and API reader required")
 	}
-	client, err := typedcore.NewForConfig(config)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, application.ErrCredentialsUnavailable
-	}
-	return &SecretCredentials{secrets: client.Secrets(namespace)}, nil
+	return &SecretCredentials{reader: reader, namespace: namespace}, nil
 }
 
 func (r *SecretCredentials) Read(ctx context.Context, ref instance.CredentialReference) (application.Credentials, error) {
@@ -53,7 +49,8 @@ func (r *SecretCredentials) Read(ctx context.Context, ref instance.CredentialRef
 		return application.Credentials{}, application.ErrCredentialsInvalid
 	}
 	keys := ref.Values()
-	secret, err := r.secrets.Get(ctx, keys.Name, metav1.GetOptions{})
+	secret := &corev1.Secret{}
+	err := r.reader.Get(ctx, client.ObjectKey{Namespace: r.namespace, Name: keys.Name}, secret)
 	if err != nil {
 		return application.Credentials{}, application.ErrCredentialsUnavailable
 	}

internal/database/adapter/kubernetes/instance_resources.go

@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ func (r *InstanceResources) PresentInstance(ctx context.Context, result applicat
 		ready = metav1.ConditionTrue
 	}
 	meta.SetStatusCondition(&object.Status.Conditions, metav1.Condition{
-		Type: "Ready", Status: ready, ObservedGeneration: object.Generation,
+		Type: readyCondition, Status: ready, ObservedGeneration: object.Generation,
 		Reason: result.Reason, Message: result.Message,
 	})
 	if !equality.Semantic.DeepEqual(*previous, object.Status) {

internal/database/adapter/openbao/authentication_integration_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,361 @@
+//go:build integration
+
+/*
+Copyright 2026.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package openbao_test
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/ecdsa"
+	"crypto/elliptic"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"crypto/x509"
+	"encoding/pem"
+	"math/big"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"net/http/httputil"
+	"net/url"
+	"os/exec"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	bao "github.com/openbao/openbao/api/v2"
+	authenticationv1 "k8s.io/api/authentication/v1"
+	corev1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+	rbacv1 "k8s.io/api/rbac/v1"
+	apierrors "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/errors"
+	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/rest"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/clientcmd"
+	ctrl "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/envtest"
+	metricsserver "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/metrics/server"
+
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/infra/openbao"
+)
+
+const (
+	unrelatedAuthNamespace = "bao-unrelated"
+	tokenRequestRole       = "request-openbao-token"
+	authNamespace          = "bao-controller"
+	authAudience           = "openbao"
+)
+
+// Bao 容器通过 Docker bridge 访问这个仅转发 TokenReview 的临时入口。
+// 上游仍是带 CA 验证的真实 envtest API；不模拟 JWT 签名、audience 或 RBAC 判定。
+func tokenReviewEndpoint(t *testing.T, config *rest.Config) (string, string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	upstream, err := url.Parse(config.Host)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("invalid envtest address")
+	}
+	transport, err := rest.TransportFor(rest.AnonymousClientConfig(config))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("cannot construct TokenReview transport")
+	}
+	proxy := httputil.NewSingleHostReverseProxy(upstream)
+	proxy.Transport = transport
+	proxy.ErrorHandler = func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request, _ error) { w.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadGateway) }
+	server := httptest.NewUnstartedServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if r.Method != http.MethodPost || r.URL.Path != "/apis/authentication.k8s.io/v1/tokenreviews" {
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusForbidden)
+			return
+		}
+		proxy.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+	}))
+	if err := server.Listener.Close(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("cannot replace fixture listener")
+	}
+	server.Listener, err = net.Listen("tcp", "0.0.0.0:0")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("cannot expose TokenReview fixture")
+	}
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(t.Context(), 10*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+	output, err := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "docker", "network", "inspect", "bridge", "--format",
+		`{{(index .IPAM.Config 0).Gateway}}`).Output()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("cannot locate fixture Docker bridge")
+	}
+	gateway := strings.TrimSpace(string(output))
+	if net.ParseIP(gateway) == nil {
+		t.Fatal("invalid fixture bridge gateway")
+	}
+	certificate, caPEM := tokenReviewCertificate(t, net.ParseIP(gateway))
+	server.TLS = &tls.Config{Certificates: []tls.Certificate{certificate}, MinVersion: tls.VersionTLS12}
+	server.StartTLS()
+	t.Cleanup(server.Close)
+	port := server.Listener.Addr().(*net.TCPAddr).Port
+	return "https://" + net.JoinHostPort(gateway, strconv.Itoa(port)), caPEM
+}
+
+func tokenReviewCertificate(t *testing.T, address net.IP) (tls.Certificate, string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	key, err := ecdsa.GenerateKey(elliptic.P256(), rand.Reader)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("cannot create fixture TLS key")
+	}
+	template := &x509.Certificate{
+		SerialNumber: big.NewInt(1),
+		NotBefore:    time.Now().Add(-time.Minute),
+		NotAfter:     time.Now().Add(time.Hour),
+		IPAddresses:  []net.IP{address},
+		KeyUsage:     x509.KeyUsageDigitalSignature | x509.KeyUsageCertSign,
+		ExtKeyUsage:  []x509.ExtKeyUsage{x509.ExtKeyUsageServerAuth},
+		IsCA:         true, BasicConstraintsValid: true,
+	}
+	der, err := x509.CreateCertificate(rand.Reader, template, template, &key.PublicKey, key)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("cannot create fixture TLS certificate")
+	}
+	certificate := tls.Certificate{Certificate: [][]byte{der}, PrivateKey: key}
+	return certificate, string(pem.EncodeToMemory(&pem.Block{Type: "CERTIFICATE", Bytes: der}))
+}
+
+type kubernetesAuthFixture struct {
+	config           *rest.Config
+	controllerConfig *rest.Config
+	admin            *kubernetes.Clientset
+	controller       *kubernetes.Clientset
+	grant            func()
+	requestToken     func(string, []string) string
+}
+
+func newKubernetesAuthFixture(t *testing.T) *kubernetesAuthFixture {
+	t.Helper()
+	environment := &envtest.Environment{}
+	config, err := environment.Start()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("cannot start authentication API fixture", err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		if err := environment.Stop(); err != nil {
+			t.Error("cannot stop authentication API fixture")
+		}
+	})
+	clientset, err := kubernetes.NewForConfig(config)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("cannot construct fixture API client")
+	}
+	ctx := t.Context()
+	for _, namespace := range []string{authNamespace, unrelatedAuthNamespace} {
+		if _, err := clientset.CoreV1().Namespaces().Create(ctx, &corev1.Namespace{Name: namespace}, metav1.CreateOptions{}); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal("cannot create fixture namespace")
+		}
+		if _, err := clientset.CoreV1().ServiceAccounts(namespace).Create(ctx, &corev1.ServiceAccount{Name: authRole}, metav1.CreateOptions{}); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal("cannot create fixture service account")
+		}
+	}
+	// 集群外身份只有指定 SA 的 TokenRequest 权限，不使用 envtest 管理员凭据运行会话。
+	user, err := environment.AddUser(envtest.User{Name: "systemd-controller"}, config)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("cannot create external controller identity")
+	}
+	kubeconfig, err := user.KubeConfig()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("cannot build external kubeconfig")
+	}
+	externalConfig, err := clientcmd.RESTConfigFromKubeConfig(kubeconfig)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("cannot load external kubeconfig")
+	}
+	if _, err := clientset.RbacV1().Roles(authNamespace).Create(ctx, &rbacv1.Role{
+		Name: tokenRequestRole,
+		Rules: []rbacv1.PolicyRule{{APIGroups: []string{""}, Resources: []string{"serviceaccounts/token"},
+			ResourceNames: []string{authRole}, Verbs: []string{"create"}}},
+	}, metav1.CreateOptions{}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("cannot create TokenRequest Role")
+	}
+	permission := &rbacv1.RoleBinding{
+		Name:     tokenRequestRole,
+		RoleRef:  rbacv1.RoleRef{APIGroup: rbacv1.GroupName, Kind: "Role", Name: tokenRequestRole},
+		Subjects: []rbacv1.Subject{{Kind: "User", APIGroup: rbacv1.GroupName, Name: "systemd-controller"}},
+	}
+	grant := func() {
+		t.Helper()
+		if _, err := clientset.RbacV1().RoleBindings(authNamespace).Create(ctx, permission.DeepCopy(), metav1.CreateOptions{}); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal("cannot grant TokenRequest permission")
+		}
+	}
+	grant()
+	externalClient, err := kubernetes.NewForConfig(externalConfig)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("cannot construct restricted controller client")
+	}
+	for _, target := range []struct{ namespace, name string }{{unrelatedAuthNamespace, authRole}, {authNamespace, "another-account"}} {
+		_, err := externalClient.CoreV1().ServiceAccounts(target.namespace).CreateToken(ctx, target.name,
+			&authenticationv1.TokenRequest{Spec: authenticationv1.TokenRequestSpec{Audiences: []string{authAudience}}}, metav1.CreateOptions{})
+		if !apierrors.IsForbidden(err) {
+			t.Fatal("TokenRequest escaped Role namespace/resourceNames restriction")
+		}
+	}
+	if _, err := clientset.RbacV1().ClusterRoleBindings().Create(ctx, &rbacv1.ClusterRoleBinding{
+		Name:     "bao-fixture-reviewer",
+		RoleRef:  rbacv1.RoleRef{APIGroup: rbacv1.GroupName, Kind: "ClusterRole", Name: "system:auth-delegator"},
+		Subjects: []rbacv1.Subject{{Kind: "ServiceAccount", Namespace: authNamespace, Name: authRole}},
+	}, metav1.CreateOptions{}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("cannot authorize fixture TokenReview")
+	}
+	requestToken := func(namespace string, audiences []string) string {
+		t.Helper()
+		response, err := clientset.CoreV1().ServiceAccounts(namespace).CreateToken(ctx, authRole,
+			&authenticationv1.TokenRequest{Spec: authenticationv1.TokenRequestSpec{Audiences: audiences}}, metav1.CreateOptions{})
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal("cannot issue fixture service account token")
+		}
+		return response.Status.Token
+	}
+
+	return &kubernetesAuthFixture{
+		config: config, controllerConfig: externalConfig, admin: clientset, controller: externalClient,
+		grant: grant, requestToken: requestToken,
+	}
+}
+
+const authRole = "controller"
+
+var testIdentity = openbao.KubernetesIdentity{Namespace: authNamespace, ServiceAccount: authRole, Audience: authAudience}
+
+func waitForAuthentication(t *testing.T, check func() bool) {
+	t.Helper()
+	deadline := time.NewTimer(20 * time.Second)
+	defer deadline.Stop()
+	for !check() {
+		select {
+		case <-deadline.C:
+			t.Fatal("authentication condition timed out")
+		case <-time.After(20 * time.Millisecond):
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func startSession(t *testing.T, session interface{ Start(context.Context) error }) context.CancelFunc {
+	t.Helper()
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(t.Context())
+	done := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() { done <- session.Start(ctx) }()
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		cancel()
+		select {
+		case <-done:
+		case <-time.After(20 * time.Second):
+			t.Error("authentication did not stop")
+		}
+	})
+	return cancel
+}
+
+// 此处验证公共认证会话与 Database 凭据适配器的跨层集成。
+func TestKubernetesSessionWithRealTokenReview(t *testing.T) {
+	api := newKubernetesAuthFixture(t)
+	ctx := t.Context()
+	root := baoFixture(t)
+	if err := root.Sys().EnableAuthWithOptionsWithContext(ctx, "kubernetes", &bao.EnableAuthOptions{Type: "kubernetes"}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("cannot enable fixture Kubernetes auth")
+	}
+	reviewerToken := api.requestToken(authNamespace, nil)
+	reviewURL, reviewCA := tokenReviewEndpoint(t, api.config)
+	if _, err := root.Logical().WriteWithContext(ctx, "auth/kubernetes/config", map[string]any{
+		"kubernetes_host":      reviewURL,
+		"kubernetes_ca_cert":   reviewCA,
+		"token_reviewer_jwt":   reviewerToken,
+		"disable_local_ca_jwt": true,
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("cannot configure fixture TokenReview:", strings.NewReplacer(reviewerToken, "[REDACTED]", fixtureToken, "[REDACTED]").Replace(err.Error()))
+	}
+	if err := root.Sys().PutPolicyWithContext(ctx, authRole, `path "secret/data/applications/*" { capabilities = ["create", "update", "read"] }`); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("cannot configure fixture credential policy")
+	}
+	if _, err := root.Logical().WriteWithContext(ctx, "auth/kubernetes/role/controller", map[string]any{
+		"bound_service_account_names":      []string{authRole},
+		"bound_service_account_namespaces": []string{authNamespace},
+		"audience":                         authAudience,
+		"token_policies":                   []string{authRole},
+		"token_ttl":                        "3s", "token_max_ttl": "60s",
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("cannot configure fixture auth role")
+	}
+	client := fixtureClient(t, root.Address())
+	manager, err := ctrl.NewManager(api.controllerConfig, ctrl.Options{Metrics: metricsserver.Options{BindAddress: "0"}, HealthProbeBindAddress: "0"})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("cannot construct external controller manager")
+	}
+	session, err := openbao.NewKubernetesSession(client, manager.GetClient(), "kubernetes", authRole, testIdentity)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := manager.Add(session); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("cannot register authentication lifecycle")
+	}
+	cancel := startSession(t, manager)
+	waitForAuthentication(t, session.Ready)
+	store := fixtureStore(t, client)
+	if err := store.Create(ctx, credentialPath, fixtureCredential(t)); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("Kubernetes identity cannot create scoped credential", err)
+	}
+	initialToken := client.Token()
+	// 超过初始 TTL 后同一 token 仍可用，证明发生真实 renew-self，而非只登录一次。
+	start := time.Now()
+	waitForAuthentication(t, func() bool { return time.Since(start) > 4*time.Second })
+	if client.Token() != initialToken {
+		t.Fatal("token was replaced before renewal could be verified")
+	}
+	if _, err := client.Auth().Token().LookupSelfWithContext(ctx); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("short-lived token was not renewed")
+	}
+	for _, invalid := range []struct {
+		namespace string
+		audience  string
+	}{
+		{unrelatedAuthNamespace, authAudience}, {authNamespace, "wrong-audience"},
+	} {
+		// 用相同真实登录入口直接确认 namespace/audience 拒绝，不依赖定时轮询推断。
+		if _, err := root.Logical().WriteWithContext(ctx, "auth/kubernetes/login", map[string]any{
+			"role": authRole, "jwt": api.requestToken(invalid.namespace, []string{invalid.audience}),
+		}); err == nil {
+			t.Fatal("invalid Kubernetes identity was accepted")
+		}
+	}
+	if err := api.admin.RbacV1().RoleBindings(authNamespace).Delete(ctx, tokenRequestRole, metav1.DeleteOptions{}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("cannot revoke TokenRequest permission")
+	}
+	if err := root.Auth().Token().RevokeOrphanWithContext(ctx, client.Token()); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("cannot revoke fixture OpenBao token")
+	}
+	waitForAuthentication(t, func() bool { return !session.Ready() && client.Token() == "" })
+	denied, err := api.controller.CoreV1().ServiceAccounts(authNamespace).CreateToken(ctx, authRole,
+		&authenticationv1.TokenRequest{Spec: authenticationv1.TokenRequestSpec{Audiences: []string{authAudience}}}, metav1.CreateOptions{})
+	if !apierrors.IsForbidden(err) || (denied != nil && denied.Status.Token != "") {
+		t.Fatal("revoked caller still obtained a token")
+	}
+	api.grant()
+	waitForAuthentication(t, session.Ready)
+	if client.Token() == initialToken {
+		t.Fatal("reauthentication reused revoked OpenBao token")
+	}
+	if _, err := store.Read(ctx, credentialPath); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("credential access did not recover", err)
+	}
+	cancel()
+	waitForAuthentication(t, func() bool { return !session.Ready() && client.Token() == "" })
+}

internal/database/adapter/openbao/confirmed_credentials_integration_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+//go:build integration
+
+package openbao_test
+
+import (
+	"maps"
+	"testing"
+
+	bao "github.com/openbao/openbao/api/v2"
+
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/adapter/openbao"
+)
+
+func TestConfirmedCredentialRecoveryWithRealOpenBao(t *testing.T) {
+	root := baoFixture(t)
+	store := fixtureStore(t, root)
+	credential := fixtureCredential(t)
+	if err := store.Create(t.Context(), credentialPath, credential); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	// 新 adapter 模拟进程重启：只有已持久化的版本才能恢复读取。
+	restarted := fixtureStore(t, root)
+	if _, err := restarted.ReadConfirmed(t.Context(), credentialPath, 0); err != openbao.ErrConflict {
+		t.Fatal("已有值不能替代缺失的确认记录")
+	}
+	observed, err := restarted.ReadConfirmed(t.Context(), credentialPath, 1)
+	if err != nil || !maps.Equal(observed.SecretData(), credential.SecretData()) {
+		t.Fatal("确认版本的凭据不能恢复读取")
+	}
+	// 即使内容相同，新增版本也不属于已确认写入；历史版本仍在不能掩盖改写。
+	if _, err := root.KVv2("secret").Put(t.Context(), credentialPath, credential.SecretData(), bao.WithCheckAndSet(1)); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("无法准备测试中的版本变化")
+	}
+	if _, err := restarted.ReadConfirmed(t.Context(), credentialPath, 1); err != openbao.ErrConflict {
+		t.Fatal("最新版本漂移必须报冲突")
+	}
+	if err := root.KVv2("secret").Delete(t.Context(), credentialPath); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("无法准备测试中的软删除")
+	}
+	if _, err := restarted.ReadConfirmed(t.Context(), credentialPath, 1); err != openbao.ErrConflict {
+		t.Fatal("已确认凭据被删除必须报冲突")
+	}
+	metadata, err := root.KVv2("secret").GetMetadata(t.Context(), credentialPath)
+	if err != nil || metadata.CurrentVersion != 2 {
+		t.Fatal("恢复检查不得生成或覆盖凭据")
+	}
+}

internal/database/adapter/openbao/confirmed_credentials_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+package openbao_test
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"testing"
+
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/adapter/openbao"
+)
+
+func credentialVersionMetadata(version int) map[string]any {
+	return map[string]any{kvVersionKey: version}
+}
+
+func TestConfirmedCredentialRead(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, test := range []struct {
+		name    string
+		version int64
+		status  int
+		meta    map[string]any
+		invalid bool
+		want    error
+	}{
+		{name: "已确认", version: 1, status: 200, meta: credentialVersionMetadata(1)},
+		{name: "未确认禁止读取", version: 0, want: openbao.ErrConflict},
+		{name: "版本已变化", version: 1, status: 200, meta: credentialVersionMetadata(2), want: openbao.ErrConflict},
+		{name: "版本为零", version: 1, status: 200, meta: credentialVersionMetadata(0), want: openbao.ErrConflict},
+		{name: "响应无法解析", version: 1, status: 200, want: openbao.ErrUnavailable},
+		{name: "内容损坏", version: 1, status: 200, meta: credentialVersionMetadata(1), invalid: true, want: openbao.ErrConflict},
+		{name: "凭据丢失", version: 1, status: 404, want: openbao.ErrConflict},
+		{name: "读取被拒绝", version: 1, status: 403, want: openbao.ErrUnavailable},
+		{name: "后端不可用", version: 1, status: 503, want: openbao.ErrUnavailable},
+	} {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			credential := fixtureCredential(t)
+			server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+				if test.version == 0 {
+					t.Error("没有持久化确认记录不能读取已有值")
+				}
+				if r.Method != http.MethodGet || r.URL.RawQuery != "" {
+					t.Error("只允许读取最新值，不能写入或回退历史版本")
+				}
+				w.WriteHeader(test.status)
+				if test.status != http.StatusOK {
+					return
+				}
+				data := credential.SecretData()
+				if test.invalid {
+					delete(data, "password")
+				}
+				if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]any{
+					kvDataKey: map[string]any{kvDataKey: data, "metadata": test.meta},
+				}); err != nil {
+					t.Error("测试响应编码失败")
+				}
+			}))
+			defer server.Close()
+			store := fixtureStore(t, fixtureClient(t, server.URL))
+			observed, err := store.ReadConfirmed(t.Context(), credentialPath, test.version)
+			if err != test.want {
+				t.Fatalf("期望 %v，得到 %v", test.want, err)
+			}
+			if err != nil && observed.Validate() == nil {
+				t.Fatal("失败时不能返回可用凭据")
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

internal/database/adapter/openbao/credential_store.go

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+package openbao
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/application"
+)
+
+var _ application.CredentialStore = (*Credentials)(nil)
+
+func (c *Credentials) ProvisionLocation(uid string) (application.CredentialLocation, error) {
+	path, err := c.ProvisionPath(uid)
+	if err != nil {
+		return application.CredentialLocation{}, err
+	}
+	return application.CredentialLocation{Mount: c.mount, Path: path}, nil
+}
+
+func (c *Credentials) ReadCredential(ctx context.Context, location application.CredentialLocation, version int64) (application.ApplicationCredential, error) {
+	if location.Mount != c.mount {
+		return application.ApplicationCredential{}, ErrInvalidLocation
+	}
+	if version == 0 {
+		return c.Read(ctx, location.Path)
+	}
+	return c.ReadConfirmed(ctx, location.Path, version)
+}
+
+func (c *Credentials) CreateCredential(ctx context.Context, location application.CredentialLocation, credential application.ApplicationCredential) (int64, error) {
+	if location.Mount != c.mount {
+		return 0, ErrInvalidLocation
+	}
+	if err := c.Create(ctx, location.Path, credential); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	// Create 的合同是 CAS=0 且回读版本 1 和七键完全一致。
+	return 1, nil
+}

internal/database/adapter/openbao/credentials.go

@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2026.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+// Package openbao 通过官方 SDK 适配应用凭据，不保存资源归属或重建供应状态。
+package openbao
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"maps"
+	"net/http"
+	"regexp"
+	"slices"
+	"strings"
+
+	bao "github.com/openbao/openbao/api/v2"
+
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/application"
+)
+
+var (
+	ErrInvalidLocation = application.ErrCredentialLocation
+	ErrUnavailable     = application.ErrCredentialUnavailable
+	ErrNotFound        = application.ErrCredentialNotFound
+	ErrConflict        = application.ErrCredentialConflict
+	ErrUncertain       = application.ErrCredentialUncertain
+)
+
+var pathSegment = regexp.MustCompile(`^[A-Za-z0-9_-]+$`)
+
+// Credentials 使用独立的 SDK client；认证与短期 token 生命周期由部署装配负责。
+// 本适配器既不自动认领已有值，也不提供覆盖、轮换或删除操作。
+type Credentials struct {
+	kv       *bao.KVv2
+	mount    string
+	basePath string
+}
+
+// NewCredentials 不登录、不读取环境 token。调用方必须提供专用的已认证 client。
+// client 由公共 infra 禁用自动重试，防止第一次结果丢失后被 CAS 错误掩盖。
+func NewCredentials(client *bao.Client, mount, basePath string) (*Credentials, error) {
+	if client == nil || !validPath(mount) || !validPath(basePath) {
+		return nil, ErrInvalidLocation
+	}
+	return &Credentials{kv: client.KVv2(mount), mount: mount, basePath: basePath}, nil
+}
+
+func validPath(value string) bool {
+	for segment := range strings.SplitSeq(value, "/") {
+		if !pathSegment.MatchString(segment) || segment == "data" || segment == "metadata" {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// ProvisionPath 只按 Database UID 定位；调用方须先持久化位置，再执行外部写入。
+func (c *Credentials) ProvisionPath(databaseUID string) (string, error) {
+	if !pathSegment.MatchString(databaseUID) {
+		return "", ErrInvalidLocation
+	}
+	return c.basePath + "/" + databaseUID, nil
+}
+
+func (c *Credentials) accepts(path string) bool {
+	return validPath(path) && strings.HasPrefix(path, c.basePath+"/")
+}
+
+// Read 只读取调用方已确认关联的路径；成功读取不构成对既有凭据的自动认领。
+func (c *Credentials) Read(ctx context.Context, path string) (application.ApplicationCredential, error) {
+	secret, err := c.read(ctx, path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return application.ApplicationCredential{}, err
+	}
+	return application.ParseApplicationCredential(secret.Data)
+}
+
+// ReadConfirmed 读取最新值并核对已持久化的确认版本，不回退读取历史版本。
+// 确认后的删除或改写需要人工处理，不能因此重新生成密码。
+func (c *Credentials) ReadConfirmed(ctx context.Context, path string, version int64) (application.ApplicationCredential, error) {
+	if version < 1 {
+		return application.ApplicationCredential{}, ErrConflict
+	}
+	secret, err := c.read(ctx, path)
+	if errors.Is(err, ErrNotFound) {
+		return application.ApplicationCredential{}, ErrConflict
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return application.ApplicationCredential{}, err
+	}
+	if secret.VersionMetadata == nil || int64(secret.VersionMetadata.Version) != version {
+		return application.ApplicationCredential{}, ErrConflict
+	}
+	credential, err := application.ParseApplicationCredential(secret.Data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return application.ApplicationCredential{}, ErrConflict
+	}
+	return credential, nil
+}
+
+func (c *Credentials) read(ctx context.Context, path string) (*bao.KVSecret, error) {
+	if !c.accepts(path) {
+		return nil, ErrInvalidLocation
+	}
+	secret, err := c.kv.Get(ctx, path)
+	if errors.Is(err, bao.ErrSecretNotFound) {
+		return nil, ErrNotFound
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, ErrUnavailable
+	}
+	if secret == nil || secret.Data == nil {
+		return nil, ErrNotFound
+	}
+	return secret, nil
+}
+
+// Create 只创建从未存在过的路径，并验证回读七键与提交值完全一致。
+// 任何不确定写入都不返回凭据；上层必须停止供应并持久化冲突，不能重新生成密码。
+func (c *Credentials) Create(ctx context.Context, path string, credential application.ApplicationCredential) error {
+	if !c.accepts(path) {
+		return ErrInvalidLocation
+	}
+	if err := credential.Validate(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if ctx.Err() != nil {
+		return ErrUnavailable
+	}
+	data := credential.SecretData()
+	created, err := c.kv.Put(ctx, path, data, bao.WithCheckAndSet(0))
+	if err != nil {
+		// 明确的认证/权限拒绝没有发生写入，可以等待依赖恢复。
+		// SDK 的原始错误可能携带路径及响应体，不向外传播。
+		if response, ok := errors.AsType[*bao.ResponseError](err); ok {
+			switch response.StatusCode {
+			case http.StatusUnauthorized, http.StatusForbidden:
+				return ErrUnavailable
+			case http.StatusBadRequest:
+				if slices.Contains(response.Errors, "check-and-set parameter did not match the current version") {
+					return ErrConflict
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return ErrUncertain
+	}
+	if created == nil || created.VersionMetadata == nil || created.VersionMetadata.Version != 1 {
+		return ErrUncertain
+	}
+	observed, err := c.kv.Get(ctx, path)
+	if err != nil || observed == nil || observed.VersionMetadata == nil || observed.VersionMetadata.Version != 1 {
+		return ErrUncertain
+	}
+	if !maps.Equal(data, observed.Data) {
+		return ErrUncertain
+	}
+	return nil
+}

internal/database/adapter/openbao/credentials_integration_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+//go:build integration
+
+/*
+Copyright 2026.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package openbao_test
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"maps"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"net/http/httputil"
+	"net/url"
+	"os/exec"
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	bao "github.com/openbao/openbao/api/v2"
+
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/adapter/openbao"
+)
+
+// 只连接本测试创建的无持久卷 dev server，不接受生产地址或环境 token。
+func baoFixture(t *testing.T) *bao.Client {
+	t.Helper()
+	const image = "openbao/openbao@sha256:5b2486ab0fb90bbc788cc345b0a08616dfb375873ee8be5df3a2fd4d378a67e0"
+	prepareBaoImage(t, image)
+	// 冷缓存拉取不占用容器启动和健康检查的一分钟预算。
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(t.Context(), time.Minute)
+	defer cancel()
+	output, err := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "docker", "run", "--pull=never", "--rm", "-d", "-p", "127.0.0.1::8200",
+		image, "server", "-dev", "-dev-root-token-id="+fixtureToken, "-dev-listen-address=0.0.0.0:8200").Output()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("cannot start isolated OpenBao fixture: %s", baoCommandError(ctx, err))
+	}
+	id := strings.TrimSpace(string(output))
+	if !regexp.MustCompile(`^[a-f0-9]{64}$`).MatchString(id) {
+		t.Fatal("unexpected fixture container ID")
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		cleanup, stop := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 30*time.Second)
+		defer stop()
+		if exec.CommandContext(cleanup, "docker", "rm", "-f", id).Run() != nil {
+			t.Error("OpenBao fixture cleanup failed")
+		}
+	})
+	output, err = exec.CommandContext(ctx, "docker", "inspect", "--format",
+		`{{(index (index .NetworkSettings.Ports "8200/tcp") 0).HostPort}}`, id).Output()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("cannot inspect fixture port: %s", baoCommandError(ctx, err))
+	}
+	client := fixtureClient(t, "http://127.0.0.1:"+strings.TrimSpace(string(output)))
+	client.SetMaxRetries(0)
+	for {
+		if _, err := client.Sys().HealthWithContext(ctx); err == nil {
+			return client
+		}
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			t.Fatal("OpenBao fixture startup timed out")
+		case <-time.After(100 * time.Millisecond):
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func prepareBaoImage(t *testing.T, image string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(t.Context(), 5*time.Minute)
+	defer cancel()
+	if exec.CommandContext(ctx, "docker", "image", "inspect", image).Run() == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	t.Log("pulling isolated OpenBao fixture image (timeout: 5m)")
+	if _, err := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "docker", "pull", image).Output(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("cannot pull OpenBao fixture image: %s", baoCommandError(ctx, err))
+	}
+}
+
+// 保留 Docker stderr 与超时原因，但不泄露测试 token/password 或完整命令参数。
+func baoCommandError(ctx context.Context, err error) string {
+	detail := err.Error()
+	if exitErr, ok := errors.AsType[*exec.ExitError](err); ok {
+		detail += ": " + strings.TrimSpace(string(exitErr.Stderr))
+	}
+	if ctx.Err() != nil {
+		detail += ": " + ctx.Err().Error()
+	}
+	return strings.NewReplacer(fixtureToken, "[REDACTED]", fixturePassword, "[REDACTED]").Replace(detail)
+}
+
+func TestBaoCommandError(t *testing.T) {
+	err := &exec.ExitError{Stderr: []byte("registry unavailable " + fixtureToken + " " + fixturePassword)}
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(t.Context())
+	cancel()
+	detail := baoCommandError(ctx, err)
+	if !strings.Contains(detail, "registry unavailable") || !strings.Contains(detail, "context canceled") {
+		t.Fatal("Docker diagnostic or context failure was lost")
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(detail, fixtureToken) || strings.Contains(detail, fixturePassword) {
+		t.Fatal("Docker diagnostic exposed fixture credentials")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCredentialConcurrentCreateWithRealOpenBao(t *testing.T) {
+	root := baoFixture(t)
+	store := fixtureStore(t, root)
+	credential := fixtureCredential(t)
+	results := make(chan error, 2)
+	var workers sync.WaitGroup
+	for range 2 {
+		workers.Go(func() { results <- store.Create(t.Context(), credentialPath, credential) })
+	}
+	workers.Wait()
+	close(results)
+	succeeded, conflicted := 0, 0
+	for err := range results {
+		switch err {
+		case nil:
+			succeeded++
+		case openbao.ErrConflict:
+			conflicted++
+		default:
+			t.Fatal("unexpected concurrent create result")
+		}
+	}
+	if succeeded != 1 || conflicted != 1 {
+		t.Fatal("CAS must allow exactly one creator")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCredentialLostWriteResponseWithRealOpenBao(t *testing.T) {
+	root := baoFixture(t)
+	address, err := url.Parse(root.Address())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("invalid fixture address")
+	}
+	proxy := httputil.NewSingleHostReverseProxy(address)
+	proxy.ModifyResponse = func(response *http.Response) error {
+		if response.Request.Method == http.MethodPut && response.StatusCode == http.StatusOK {
+			return errors.New("fixture drops successful write response")
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+	proxy.ErrorHandler = func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request, _ error) {
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadGateway)
+	}
+	server := httptest.NewServer(proxy)
+	defer server.Close()
+	store := fixtureStore(t, fixtureClient(t, server.URL))
+	credential := fixtureCredential(t)
+	if err := store.Create(t.Context(), credentialPath, credential); err != openbao.ErrUncertain {
+		t.Fatal("lost response must stop provisioning")
+	}
+	confirmed, err := root.KVv2("secret").Get(t.Context(), credentialPath)
+	if err != nil || !maps.Equal(confirmed.Data, credential.SecretData()) || confirmed.VersionMetadata.Version != 1 {
+		t.Fatal("fault injection did not preserve the original write")
+	}
+	if err := fixtureStore(t, root).Create(t.Context(), credentialPath, credential); err != openbao.ErrConflict {
+		t.Fatal("restart must not adopt an unconfirmed write")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCredentialsWithRealOpenBao(t *testing.T) {
+	root := baoFixture(t)
+	ctx := t.Context()
+	// root 仅用于 fixture 装配；实际读写使用固定前缀的短期 token。
+	policy := `path "secret/data/applications/*" { capabilities = ["create", "update", "read"] }`
+	if err := root.Sys().PutPolicyWithContext(ctx, "application-fixture", policy); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("cannot configure fixture policy")
+	}
+	secret, err := root.Auth().Token().CreateWithContext(ctx, &bao.TokenCreateRequest{
+		Policies: []string{"application-fixture"}, NoDefaultPolicy: true, TTL: "5m",
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("cannot create scoped fixture token")
+	}
+	client := fixtureClient(t, root.Address())
+	client.SetToken(secret.Auth.ClientToken)
+	store := fixtureStore(t, client)
+	credential := fixtureCredential(t)
+	if err := store.Create(ctx, credentialPath, credential); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	// 重建适配器读取已确认路径；重复 Create 仍报冲突，不把读取当作认领。
+	restarted := fixtureStore(t, client)
+	observed, err := restarted.Read(ctx, credentialPath)
+	if err != nil || !maps.Equal(observed.SecretData(), credential.SecretData()) {
+		t.Fatal("confirmed credential was not preserved across adapter restart")
+	}
+	if err := restarted.Create(ctx, credentialPath, credential); !errors.Is(err, openbao.ErrConflict) {
+		t.Fatal("existing credential must conflict even if contents match")
+	}
+	metadata, err := root.KVv2("secret").GetMetadata(ctx, credentialPath)
+	if err != nil || metadata.CurrentVersion != 1 {
+		t.Fatal("duplicate create changed credential version")
+	}
+	if _, err := client.KVv2("secret").Get(ctx, "management/instance"); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("scoped token accessed management credentials")
+	}
+	if err := root.KVv2("secret").Delete(ctx, credentialPath); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("cannot soft-delete fixture credential")
+	}
+	if _, err := store.Read(ctx, credentialPath); err != openbao.ErrNotFound {
+		t.Fatal("soft-deleted credential must not be usable")
+	}
+	if err := store.Create(ctx, credentialPath, credential); err != openbao.ErrConflict {
+		t.Fatal("soft-deleted credential must not be recreated")
+	}
+}

internal/database/adapter/openbao/credentials_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2026.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package openbao_test
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+
+	bao "github.com/openbao/openbao/api/v2"
+
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/adapter/openbao"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/application"
+)
+
+const (
+	credentialPath  = "applications/database-uid"
+	fixturePassword = "AYATORI-TEST-ONLY-application-password"
+	fixtureToken    = "AYATORI-TEST-ONLY-bao-token"
+	kvDataKey       = "data"
+	kvVersionKey    = "version"
+)
+
+func fixtureCredential(t *testing.T) application.ApplicationCredential {
+	t.Helper()
+	credential, err := application.ParseApplicationCredential(map[string]any{
+		"username": "app_owner", "password": fixturePassword, "database": "app",
+		"host": "postgres.example", "hostaddr": "192.0.2.1", "port": "5432", "sslmode": "verify-full",
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return credential
+}
+
+func TestCredentialReadbackMustConfirmTheWrite(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, scenario := range []string{"read failure", "changed version", "changed password", "missing metadata"} {
+		t.Run(scenario, func(t *testing.T) {
+			credential := fixtureCredential(t)
+			var writes atomic.Int32
+			server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+				if r.Method == http.MethodPut {
+					writes.Add(1)
+					var request struct {
+						Options struct {
+							CAS *int `json:"cas"`
+						} `json:"options"`
+					}
+					if json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&request) != nil || request.Options.CAS == nil || *request.Options.CAS != 0 {
+						t.Error("create request must explicitly require CAS=0")
+					}
+					if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]any{kvDataKey: map[string]any{kvVersionKey: 1}}); err != nil {
+						t.Error("cannot encode fixture write response")
+					}
+					return
+				}
+				if scenario == "read failure" {
+					w.WriteHeader(http.StatusServiceUnavailable)
+					return
+				}
+				data := credential.SecretData()
+				version := 1
+				if scenario == "changed version" {
+					version = 2
+				}
+				if scenario == "changed password" {
+					data["password"] = "modified"
+				}
+				response := map[string]any{kvDataKey: data}
+				if scenario != "missing metadata" {
+					response["metadata"] = map[string]any{kvVersionKey: version}
+				}
+				if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]any{kvDataKey: response}); err != nil {
+					t.Error("cannot encode fixture read response")
+				}
+			}))
+			defer server.Close()
+			store := fixtureStore(t, fixtureClient(t, server.URL))
+			if err := store.Create(t.Context(), credentialPath, credential); err != openbao.ErrUncertain || writes.Load() != 1 {
+				t.Fatal("unconfirmed readback must stop after one write")
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func fixtureClient(t *testing.T, address string) *bao.Client {
+	t.Helper()
+	config := bao.DefaultConfig()
+	config.Address = address
+	config.MaxRetries = 0
+	client, err := bao.NewClient(config)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("cannot construct fixture client")
+	}
+	client.SetToken(fixtureToken)
+	return client
+}
+
+func fixtureStore(t *testing.T, client *bao.Client) *openbao.Credentials {
+	t.Helper()
+	store, err := openbao.NewCredentials(client, "secret", "applications")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return store
+}
+
+func TestCredentialLocationScope(t *testing.T) {
+	client := fixtureClient(t, "http://127.0.0.1:1")
+	store := fixtureStore(t, client)
+	path, err := store.ProvisionPath("database-uid")
+	if err != nil || path != credentialPath {
+		t.Fatal("unexpected stable location")
+	}
+	for _, path := range []string{"", "/absolute", "applications", "applications-other/key", "applications/../management", "applications/%2e%2e/key", "applications//key", "applications/data/key"} {
+		if _, err := store.Read(t.Context(), path); !errors.Is(err, openbao.ErrInvalidLocation) {
+			t.Fatal("accepted invalid location")
+		}
+		if err := store.Create(t.Context(), path, fixtureCredential(t)); !errors.Is(err, openbao.ErrInvalidLocation) {
+			t.Fatal("accepted invalid create location")
+		}
+	}
+	for _, uid := range []string{"", "../key", "a/b", "a?b"} {
+		if _, err := store.ProvisionPath(uid); err == nil {
+			t.Fatal("accepted invalid UID")
+		}
+	}
+	for _, invalid := range []string{"", "data", "metadata", "../secret", "secret/", "secret?query"} {
+		if _, err := openbao.NewCredentials(client, invalid, "applications"); err == nil {
+			t.Fatal("accepted invalid mount")
+		}
+		if _, err := openbao.NewCredentials(client, "secret", invalid); err == nil {
+			t.Fatal("accepted invalid base path")
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCredentialWriteFailureDoesNotRetryOrLeak(t *testing.T) {
+	var requests atomic.Int32
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+		requests.Add(1)
+		http.Error(w, fixturePassword+fixtureToken, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+	store := fixtureStore(t, fixtureClient(t, server.URL))
+	if err := store.Create(t.Context(), credentialPath, fixtureCredential(t)); err != openbao.ErrUncertain {
+		t.Fatal("write error must be a redacted uncertain outcome")
+	}
+	if requests.Load() != 1 {
+		t.Fatal("SDK retried an uncertain write")
+	}
+	if _, err := store.Read(t.Context(), credentialPath); err != openbao.ErrUnavailable {
+		t.Fatal("read error must be redacted")
+	}
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(t.Context())
+	cancel()
+	if err := store.Create(ctx, credentialPath, fixtureCredential(t)); err != openbao.ErrUnavailable || requests.Load() != 2 {
+		t.Fatal("canceled operation must not write")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCredentialWriteDeniedBeforeExecution(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, status := range []int{http.StatusUnauthorized, http.StatusForbidden} {
+		server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+			http.Error(w, fixtureToken, status)
+		}))
+		store := fixtureStore(t, fixtureClient(t, server.URL))
+		err := store.Create(t.Context(), credentialPath, fixtureCredential(t))
+		server.Close()
+		if err != openbao.ErrUnavailable {
+			t.Fatalf("status %d: definite rejection should wait for dependency recovery, got %v", status, err)
+		}
+	}
+}

internal/database/adapter/openbao/preparation_concurrency_integration_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+//go:build integration
+
+package openbao_test
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+
+	apierrors "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/errors"
+
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/application"
+)
+
+// 两个用例都先拿到同一真实 resourceVersion，再竞争固定位置；后续写入仍经过 API server。
+type concurrentCredentialResources struct {
+	application.CredentialResources
+	readers atomic.Int32
+	loaded  sync.WaitGroup
+}
+
+func (r *concurrentCredentialResources) Load(ctx context.Context, name string) (*application.CredentialRecord, error) {
+	record, err := r.CredentialResources.Load(ctx, name)
+	if r.readers.Add(1) <= 2 {
+		r.loaded.Done()
+		r.loaded.Wait()
+	}
+	return record, err
+}
+
+func testPreparationConcurrency(t *testing.T, f *preparationFixture) {
+	database, _ := f.bound(t, "concurrent")
+	service := f.service(t)
+	resources := &concurrentCredentialResources{CredentialResources: service.Resources}
+	resources.loaded.Add(2)
+	service.Resources = resources
+	results := make(chan error, 2)
+	for range 2 {
+		go func() { results <- service.Reconcile(t.Context(), database.Name) }()
+	}
+	succeeded, conflicted := 0, 0
+	for range 2 {
+		err := <-results
+		switch {
+		case err == nil:
+			succeeded++
+		case apierrors.IsConflict(err):
+			conflicted++
+		default:
+			t.Fatalf("并发用例返回意外错误: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+	if succeeded != 1 || conflicted != 1 {
+		t.Fatal("同一快照只能有一个用例成功固定位置并继续创建")
+	}
+	f.status(t, database, 1, application.CredentialPrepared)
+	stored, err := f.bao.KVv2("secret").Get(t.Context(), database.Status.CredentialRef.Path)
+	if err != nil || stored.VersionMetadata.Version != 1 {
+		t.Fatal("并发准备用例只能产生一个凭据版本")
+	}
+}

internal/database/adapter/openbao/preparation_fixture_integration_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+//go:build integration
+
+package openbao_test
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	bao "github.com/openbao/openbao/api/v2"
+	corev1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/meta"
+	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/rest"
+	ctrl "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/client"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/envtest"
+
+	databasev1alpha1 "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/api/database/v1alpha1"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/adapter/kubernetes"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/application"
+	databasecontroller "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/controller"
+)
+
+const preparationNamespace = "credential-preparation"
+
+type preparationFixture struct {
+	api    client.Client
+	config *rest.Config
+	scheme *runtime.Scheme
+	bao    *bao.Client
+}
+
+func newPreparationFixture(t *testing.T) *preparationFixture {
+	t.Helper()
+	environment := &envtest.Environment{CRDDirectoryPaths: []string{"../../../../config/crd/bases"}, ErrorIfCRDPathMissing: true}
+	config, err := environment.Start()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		if err := environment.Stop(); err != nil {
+			t.Error(err)
+		}
+	})
+	scheme := runtime.NewScheme()
+	if err := databasev1alpha1.AddToScheme(scheme); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := corev1.AddToScheme(scheme); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	api, err := client.New(config, client.Options{Scheme: scheme})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := api.Create(t.Context(), &corev1.Namespace{Name: preparationNamespace}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return &preparationFixture{api: api, config: config, scheme: scheme, bao: baoFixture(t)}
+}
+
+func (f *preparationFixture) bound(t *testing.T, name string) (*databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabase, *databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLTenant) {
+	t.Helper()
+	instance := &databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLInstance{Name: name, Spec: databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLInstanceSpec{
+		Endpoint:           databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLEndpoint{Host: "postgres.example", HostAddr: "192.0.2.1"},
+		AdminCredentialRef: databasev1alpha1.AdminCredentialReference{Name: "management"},
+	}}
+	if err := f.api.Create(t.Context(), instance); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	// 本切片不连接 PG；这里只声明供应前置观察，真实管理能力由既有 PG 集成测试覆盖。
+	meta.SetStatusCondition(&instance.Status.Conditions, metav1.Condition{
+		Type: "Ready", Status: metav1.ConditionTrue, Reason: "FixtureReady", Message: "隔离测试前置观察", ObservedGeneration: instance.Generation,
+	})
+	if err := f.api.Status().Update(t.Context(), instance); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	tenant := &databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLTenant{Name: name, Namespace: preparationNamespace}
+	tenant.Spec.Provision = &databasev1alpha1.DatabaseProvisionRequest{InstanceRef: databasev1alpha1.InstanceReference{Name: databasev1alpha1.ObjectName(name)}}
+	if err := f.api.Create(t.Context(), tenant); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	binder := &databasecontroller.BindingReconciler{Client: f.api, Reader: f.api}
+	if _, err := binder.Reconcile(t.Context(), ctrl.Request{NamespacedName: client.ObjectKeyFromObject(tenant)}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := f.api.Get(t.Context(), client.ObjectKeyFromObject(tenant), tenant); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	database := &databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabase{}
+	if err := f.api.Get(t.Context(), client.ObjectKey{Name: string(tenant.Status.DatabaseRef.Name)}, database); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return database, tenant
+}
+
+func (f *preparationFixture) service(t *testing.T) application.CredentialPreparation {
+	t.Helper()
+	return application.CredentialPreparation{
+		Resources: &kubernetes.CredentialResources{Client: f.api, Reader: f.api}, Store: fixtureStore(t, f.bao),
+	}
+}
+
+func (f *preparationFixture) status(t *testing.T, database *databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabase, version int64, reason string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if err := f.api.Get(t.Context(), client.ObjectKeyFromObject(database), database); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	condition := meta.FindStatusCondition(database.Status.Conditions, application.CredentialsReady)
+	if database.Status.CredentialVersion != version || condition == nil || condition.Reason != reason {
+		t.Fatalf("凭据版本或条件不符：version=%d，期望 reason=%s", database.Status.CredentialVersion, reason)
+	}
+	if meta.IsStatusConditionTrue(database.Status.Conditions, "Ready") {
+		t.Fatal("凭据准备不得宣告 Database Ready")
+	}
+}

internal/database/adapter/openbao/preparation_integration_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+//go:build integration
+
+package openbao_test
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"maps"
+	"testing"
+
+	bao "github.com/openbao/openbao/api/v2"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/client"
+
+	databasev1alpha1 "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/api/database/v1alpha1"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/adapter/kubernetes"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/adapter/openbao"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/application"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/domain/binding"
+)
+
+func TestCredentialPreparationWithRealBackends(t *testing.T) {
+	fixture := newPreparationFixture(t)
+	t.Run("创建重启和幂等", func(t *testing.T) { testPreparationRestart(t, fixture) })
+	t.Run("已有值不认领", func(t *testing.T) { testPreparationExisting(t, fixture) })
+	t.Run("确认写入失败", func(t *testing.T) { testPreparationLostConfirmation(t, fixture) })
+	t.Run("后端结果不确定", func(t *testing.T) { testPreparationUncertain(t, fixture) })
+	t.Run("创建中绑定变化", func(t *testing.T) { testPreparationChangedBinding(t, fixture) })
+	t.Run("依赖恢复与固定位置", func(t *testing.T) { testPreparationDependencies(t, fixture) })
+	t.Run("并发用例只有一个写入", func(t *testing.T) { testPreparationConcurrency(t, fixture) })
+	t.Run("位置被API裁剪时拒绝外部写入", func(t *testing.T) { testPreparationPruning(t, fixture) })
+	t.Run("实际manager的watch与重启", func(t *testing.T) { testPreparationWatch(t, fixture) })
+}
+
+func testPreparationRestart(t *testing.T, f *preparationFixture) {
+	database, tenant := f.bound(t, "restart")
+	if err := f.service(t).Reconcile(t.Context(), database.Name); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	f.status(t, database, 1, application.CredentialPrepared)
+	path := database.Status.CredentialRef.Path
+	before, err := f.bao.KVv2("secret").Get(t.Context(), path)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("无法读取隔离测试凭据")
+	}
+	if before.Data["username"] != "restart" || before.Data["database"] != "restart" || len(before.Data) != 7 {
+		t.Fatal("用例未使用绑定目标生成七键凭据")
+	}
+	// 两次新用例实例模拟重启，第二轮必须没有无意义状态更新。
+	for range 2 {
+		if err := f.service(t).Reconcile(t.Context(), database.Name); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+	f.status(t, database, 1, application.CredentialPrepared)
+	revision := database.ResourceVersion
+	if err := f.service(t).Reconcile(t.Context(), database.Name); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	f.status(t, database, 1, application.CredentialPrepared)
+	if database.ResourceVersion != revision {
+		t.Fatal("幂等重试不应改写 status")
+	}
+	after, err := f.bao.KVv2("secret").Get(t.Context(), path)
+	if err != nil || after.VersionMetadata.Version != 1 || !maps.Equal(before.Data, after.Data) {
+		t.Fatal("重启后不应生成或覆盖凭据")
+	}
+	if err := f.api.Delete(t.Context(), tenant); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := f.service(t).Reconcile(t.Context(), database.Name); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	f.status(t, database, 1, "PreparationStopped")
+	if err := f.api.Delete(t.Context(), database); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := f.service(t).Reconcile(t.Context(), database.Name); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	f.status(t, database, 1, "PreparationStopped")
+	if len(database.Finalizers) == 0 {
+		t.Fatal("本切片不得解除删除保护")
+	}
+	if _, err := f.bao.KVv2("secret").Get(t.Context(), path); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("删除流程不得在本切片清理凭据")
+	}
+}
+
+func testPreparationExisting(t *testing.T, f *preparationFixture) {
+	database, _ := f.bound(t, "existing")
+	store := fixtureStore(t, f.bao)
+	path, err := store.ProvisionPath(string(database.UID))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := store.Create(t.Context(), path, fixtureCredential(t)); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := f.service(t).Reconcile(t.Context(), database.Name); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	f.status(t, database, 0, binding.Conflict)
+	// 即使管理员删除了后端值，未解除的不确定状态也不能自动创建。
+	if err := f.bao.KVv2("secret").DeleteMetadata(t.Context(), path); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("无法清理隔离测试 key")
+	}
+	if err := f.service(t).Reconcile(t.Context(), database.Name); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if _, err := f.bao.KVv2("secret").Get(t.Context(), path); !errors.Is(err, bao.ErrSecretNotFound) {
+		t.Fatal("Conflict 重入不应生成替代凭据")
+	}
+}
+
+// 故障只注入确认保存边界；此前写入使用真实 API server 和 Bao。
+type failedConfirmationClient struct{ client.Client }
+
+func (c failedConfirmationClient) Status() client.SubResourceWriter {
+	return failedConfirmationWriter{SubResourceWriter: c.Client.Status()}
+}
+
+type failedConfirmationWriter struct{ client.SubResourceWriter }
+
+func (w failedConfirmationWriter) Update(ctx context.Context, object client.Object, options ...client.SubResourceUpdateOption) error {
+	if database, ok := object.(*databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabase); ok && database.Status.CredentialVersion > 0 {
+		return errors.New("fixture refuses confirmation update")
+	}
+	return w.SubResourceWriter.Update(ctx, object, options...)
+}
+
+func testPreparationLostConfirmation(t *testing.T, f *preparationFixture) {
+	database, _ := f.bound(t, "confirmation")
+	service := f.service(t)
+	service.Resources = &kubernetes.CredentialResources{Client: failedConfirmationClient{f.api}, Reader: f.api}
+	if err := service.Reconcile(t.Context(), database.Name); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("确认写入失败应返回 API 错误")
+	}
+	f.status(t, database, 0, application.CredentialCreationStarted)
+	if err := f.service(t).Reconcile(t.Context(), database.Name); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	f.status(t, database, 0, binding.Conflict)
+	stored, err := f.bao.KVv2("secret").Get(t.Context(), database.Status.CredentialRef.Path)
+	if err != nil || stored.VersionMetadata.Version != 1 {
+		t.Fatal("写入结果必须保留且不能被重启认领")
+	}
+}
+
+type afterCreateStore struct {
+	application.CredentialStore
+	after func() error
+}
+
+func (s afterCreateStore) CreateCredential(ctx context.Context, location application.CredentialLocation, credential application.ApplicationCredential) (int64, error) {
+	version, err := s.CredentialStore.CreateCredential(ctx, location, credential)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if err := s.after(); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	return version, nil
+}
+
+func testPreparationUncertain(t *testing.T, f *preparationFixture) {
+	database, _ := f.bound(t, "uncertain")
+	service := f.service(t)
+	service.Store = afterCreateStore{CredentialStore: service.Store, after: func() error { return application.ErrCredentialUncertain }}
+	if err := service.Reconcile(t.Context(), database.Name); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	f.status(t, database, 0, binding.Conflict)
+	if err := f.service(t).Reconcile(t.Context(), database.Name); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	f.status(t, database, 0, binding.Conflict)
+}
+
+func testPreparationChangedBinding(t *testing.T, f *preparationFixture) {
+	database, tenant := f.bound(t, "changed")
+	service := f.service(t)
+	service.Store = afterCreateStore{CredentialStore: service.Store, after: func() error {
+		return f.api.Delete(t.Context(), tenant)
+	}}
+	if err := service.Reconcile(t.Context(), database.Name); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("中途删除 Tenant 后不得确认凭据")
+	}
+	f.status(t, database, 0, application.CredentialCreationStarted)
+	if err := f.service(t).Reconcile(t.Context(), database.Name); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	f.status(t, database, 0, binding.Conflict)
+}
+
+func testPreparationDependencies(t *testing.T, f *preparationFixture) {
+	database, _ := f.bound(t, "dependency")
+	denied := fixtureClient(t, f.bao.Address())
+	denied.ClearToken()
+	service := f.service(t)
+	service.Store = fixtureStore(t, denied)
+	if err := service.Reconcile(t.Context(), database.Name); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	f.status(t, database, 0, binding.DependencyUnavailable)
+	if err := f.service(t).Reconcile(t.Context(), database.Name); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	f.status(t, database, 1, application.CredentialPrepared)
+	if err := service.Reconcile(t.Context(), database.Name); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	f.status(t, database, 1, binding.DependencyUnavailable)
+	if err := f.service(t).Reconcile(t.Context(), database.Name); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	f.status(t, database, 1, application.CredentialPrepared)
+	moved, err := openbao.NewCredentials(f.bao, "other", "elsewhere")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	service.Store = moved
+	if err := service.Reconcile(t.Context(), database.Name); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	f.status(t, database, 1, binding.DependencyUnavailable)
+	if database.Status.CredentialRef.Mount != "secret" {
+		t.Fatal("配置变化不得迁移固定位置")
+	}
+	if err := f.bao.KVv2("secret").Delete(t.Context(), database.Status.CredentialRef.Path); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("无法准备测试软删除")
+	}
+	if err := f.service(t).Reconcile(t.Context(), database.Name); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	f.status(t, database, 1, binding.Conflict)
+}

internal/database/adapter/openbao/preparation_pruning_integration_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+//go:build integration
+
+package openbao_test
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+
+	bao "github.com/openbao/openbao/api/v2"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/client"
+
+	databasev1alpha1 "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/api/database/v1alpha1"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/adapter/kubernetes"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/application"
+)
+
+// 在 API 边界模拟旧 schema 裁剪位置字段；剩余写入仍由真实 API server 处理。
+type prunedLocationClient struct{ client.Client }
+
+func (c prunedLocationClient) Status() client.SubResourceWriter {
+	return prunedLocationWriter{SubResourceWriter: c.Client.Status()}
+}
+
+type prunedLocationWriter struct{ client.SubResourceWriter }
+
+func (w prunedLocationWriter) Update(ctx context.Context, object client.Object, options ...client.SubResourceUpdateOption) error {
+	if database, ok := object.(*databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabase); ok {
+		database.Status.CredentialRef = nil
+	}
+	return w.SubResourceWriter.Update(ctx, object, options...)
+}
+
+func testPreparationPruning(t *testing.T, f *preparationFixture) {
+	database, _ := f.bound(t, "pruning")
+	service := f.service(t)
+	service.Resources = &kubernetes.CredentialResources{Client: prunedLocationClient{f.api}, Reader: f.api}
+	if err := service.Reconcile(t.Context(), database.Name); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("API 未保留位置时不得继续供应")
+	}
+	location, err := service.Store.ProvisionLocation(string(database.UID))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if _, err := f.bao.KVv2(location.Mount).Get(t.Context(), location.Path); !errors.Is(err, bao.ErrSecretNotFound) {
+		t.Fatal("没有持久化位置时产生了外部凭据")
+	}
+	if err := f.service(t).Reconcile(t.Context(), database.Name); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	f.status(t, database, 1, application.CredentialPrepared)
+}

internal/database/adapter/openbao/preparation_watch_integration_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+//go:build integration
+
+package openbao_test
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/meta"
+	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
+	ctrl "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/client"
+	controllerconfig "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/config"
+	metricsserver "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/metrics/server"
+
+	databasev1alpha1 "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/api/database/v1alpha1"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/application"
+	databasecontroller "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/controller"
+)
+
+func testPreparationWatch(t *testing.T, f *preparationFixture) {
+	database, _ := f.bound(t, "watch")
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		if !t.Failed() {
+			return
+		}
+		if err := f.api.Get(context.Background(), client.ObjectKeyFromObject(database), database); err == nil {
+			if condition := meta.FindStatusCondition(database.Status.Conditions, application.CredentialsReady); condition != nil {
+				t.Logf("失败时凭据条件: %s: %s", condition.Reason, condition.Message)
+			}
+		}
+	})
+	instance := &databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLInstance{}
+	if err := f.api.Get(t.Context(), client.ObjectKey{Name: "watch"}, instance); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	setReady := func(ready metav1.ConditionStatus) {
+		t.Helper()
+		meta.SetStatusCondition(&instance.Status.Conditions, metav1.Condition{
+			Type: "Ready", Status: ready, Reason: "FixtureObservation", Message: "隔离测试前置观察", ObservedGeneration: instance.Generation,
+		})
+		if err := f.api.Status().Update(t.Context(), instance); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+	setReady(metav1.ConditionFalse)
+	stop := startPreparationManager(t, f)
+	waitForPreparation(t, func() bool {
+		if err := f.api.Get(t.Context(), client.ObjectKeyFromObject(database), database); err != nil {
+			return false
+		}
+		condition := meta.FindStatusCondition(database.Status.Conditions, application.CredentialsReady)
+		return condition != nil && condition.Reason == "DependencyUnavailable"
+	})
+	if database.Status.CredentialRef != nil {
+		t.Fatal("Instance 未 Ready 时不应固定或写入凭据")
+	}
+	setReady(metav1.ConditionTrue)
+	waitForPreparation(t, func() bool {
+		return f.api.Get(t.Context(), client.ObjectKeyFromObject(database), database) == nil && database.Status.CredentialVersion == 1
+	})
+	stop()
+	// 重启真实 manager 后继续观察；不得只依赖旧进程中的记忆。
+	setReady(metav1.ConditionFalse)
+	stop = startPreparationManager(t, f)
+	defer stop()
+	waitForPreparation(t, func() bool {
+		if err := f.api.Get(t.Context(), client.ObjectKeyFromObject(database), database); err != nil {
+			return false
+		}
+		condition := meta.FindStatusCondition(database.Status.Conditions, application.CredentialsReady)
+		return condition != nil && condition.Status == metav1.ConditionFalse && condition.Reason == "DependencyUnavailable"
+	})
+	setReady(metav1.ConditionTrue)
+	waitForPreparation(t, func() bool {
+		if err := f.api.Get(t.Context(), client.ObjectKeyFromObject(database), database); err != nil {
+			return false
+		}
+		condition := meta.FindStatusCondition(database.Status.Conditions, application.CredentialsReady)
+		return condition != nil && condition.Status == metav1.ConditionTrue && database.Status.CredentialVersion == 1
+	})
+	stored, err := f.bao.KVv2("secret").Get(t.Context(), database.Status.CredentialRef.Path)
+	if err != nil || stored.VersionMetadata.Version != 1 {
+		t.Fatal("manager 重启不得重建凭据")
+	}
+}
+
+func startPreparationManager(t *testing.T, f *preparationFixture) func() {
+	t.Helper()
+	manager, err := ctrl.NewManager(f.config, ctrl.Options{
+		Scheme: f.scheme, Metrics: metricsserver.Options{BindAddress: "0"}, HealthProbeBindAddress: "0",
+		// 测试在同一进程顺序重启 manager；旧 worker 已停止，但名称注册表仍是进程级。
+		Controller: controllerconfig.Controller{SkipNameValidation: new(true)},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := (&databasecontroller.BindingReconciler{}).SetupWithManager(t.Context(), manager); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := (&databasecontroller.CredentialReconciler{Store: fixtureStore(t, f.bao)}).SetupWithManager(manager); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(t.Context())
+	done := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() { done <- manager.Start(ctx) }()
+	stopped := false
+	stop := func() {
+		if stopped {
+			return
+		}
+		stopped = true
+		cancel()
+		select {
+		case err := <-done:
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Error(err)
+			}
+		case <-time.After(20 * time.Second):
+			t.Error("凭据 manager 未停止")
+		}
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(stop)
+	return stop
+}
+
+func waitForPreparation(t *testing.T, check func() bool) {
+	t.Helper()
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(10 * time.Second)
+	for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
+		if check() {
+			return
+		}
+		time.Sleep(20 * time.Millisecond)
+	}
+	t.Fatal("凭据 watch 没有在低频重查之前驱动协调")
+}

internal/database/adapter/postgresql/fixture_integration_test.go

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ import (
 	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
 	"k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
 	"k8s.io/client-go/rest"
+	kubeclient "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/client"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/envtest"
 
 	secretadapter "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/adapter/kubernetes"
@@ -244,7 +245,11 @@ func newCredentialFixture(t *testing.T) *credentialFixture {
 		}
 	}
 
-	reader, err := secretadapter.NewSecretCredentials(config, controllerNamespace)
+	apiReader, err := kubeclient.New(config, kubeclient.Options{})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	reader, err := secretadapter.NewSecretCredentials(apiReader, controllerNamespace)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -252,7 +257,11 @@ func newCredentialFixture(t *testing.T) *credentialFixture {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	deniedReader, err := secretadapter.NewSecretCredentials(user.Config(), controllerNamespace)
+	deniedAPIReader, err := kubeclient.New(user.Config(), kubeclient.Options{})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	deniedReader, err := secretadapter.NewSecretCredentials(deniedAPIReader, controllerNamespace)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}

internal/database/adapter/postgresql/instance_controller_integration_test.go

@@ -50,14 +50,6 @@ func TestInstanceControllerWithRealPostgreSQL(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 	restricted := instanceControllerRBAC(t, f, apiClient)
-	credentials, err := secretadapter.NewSecretCredentials(restricted, controllerNamespace)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	service, err := application.NewInstanceService(credentials, postgresql.Connector{})
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
 	// 同进程 -count 重复启动测试 manager；生产继续校验 controller 名称唯一。
 	skipRepeatedName := true
 	manager, err := ctrl.NewManager(restricted, ctrl.Options{
@@ -68,6 +60,14 @@ func TestInstanceControllerWithRealPostgreSQL(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
+	credentials, err := secretadapter.NewSecretCredentials(manager.GetAPIReader(), controllerNamespace)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	service, err := application.NewInstanceService(credentials, postgresql.Connector{})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
 	reconciler := &databasecontroller.InstanceReconciler{Observer: service, SecretNamespace: controllerNamespace}
 	if err := reconciler.SetupWithManager(manager); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)

internal/database/application/application_credential.go

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2026.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package application
+
+import (
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"errors"
+	"regexp"
+	"strconv"
+
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/domain/instance"
+)
+
+var ErrApplicationCredentialInvalid = errors.New("application credential is invalid")
+
+var applicationIdentifier = regexp.MustCompile(`^[a-z][a-z0-9_]{0,62}$`)
+
+// ApplicationCredential 是内存中的应用连接凭据，不得放入 CR 或普通日志。
+// 它与 Instance 管理凭据分开，固定输出交付合同中的七键，不生成带密码的 URI。
+type ApplicationCredential struct {
+	username string
+	password string
+	database string
+	endpoint instance.Endpoint
+}
+
+func NewApplicationCredential(username, password, database string, endpoint instance.Endpoint) (ApplicationCredential, error) {
+	if !applicationIdentifier.MatchString(username) || !applicationIdentifier.MatchString(database) || password == "" {
+		return ApplicationCredential{}, ErrApplicationCredentialInvalid
+	}
+	if endpoint.Validate() != nil {
+		return ApplicationCredential{}, ErrApplicationCredentialInvalid
+	}
+	return ApplicationCredential{
+		username: username,
+		password: password,
+		database: database,
+		endpoint: endpoint,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// GenerateApplicationCredential 仅供已获准首次创建凭据的供应步骤调用。
+// 不能在读取失败、写入结果不确定或重启后无条件重新调用。
+func GenerateApplicationCredential(username, database string, endpoint instance.Endpoint) (ApplicationCredential, error) {
+	password := make([]byte, 32)
+	rand.Read(password)
+	return NewApplicationCredential(username, base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(password), database, endpoint)
+}
+
+func (c ApplicationCredential) String() string   { return "[redacted application credential]" }
+func (c ApplicationCredential) GoString() string { return c.String() }
+func (c ApplicationCredential) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+	return []byte(`"[redacted application credential]"`), nil
+}
+
+// SecretData 只在凭据后端或数据库连接边界使用；返回值包含明文密码，禁止记录日志。
+// 每次返回独立 map，调用方不能修改已经构造的凭据。
+func (c ApplicationCredential) SecretData() map[string]any {
+	endpoint := c.endpoint.Values()
+	return map[string]any{
+		"username": c.username,
+		"password": c.password,
+		"database": c.database,
+		"host":     endpoint.Host,
+		"hostaddr": endpoint.HostAddr,
+		"port":     strconv.Itoa(endpoint.Port),
+		"sslmode":  string(endpoint.TLSMode),
+	}
+}
+
+func (c ApplicationCredential) Validate() error {
+	_, err := NewApplicationCredential(c.username, c.password, c.database, c.endpoint)
+	return err
+}
+
+// MatchesTarget 只比较连接目标，不向用例暴露密码；管理库名不是应用连接目标的一部分。
+func (c ApplicationCredential) MatchesTarget(username, database string, endpoint instance.Endpoint) bool {
+	actual, wanted := c.endpoint.Values(), endpoint.Values()
+	return c.username == username && c.database == database && actual.Host == wanted.Host &&
+		actual.HostAddr == wanted.HostAddr && actual.Port == wanted.Port && actual.TLSMode == wanted.TLSMode
+}
+
+// ParseApplicationCredential 拒绝缺键、非字符串或非法连接参数，不回显后端内容。
+func ParseApplicationCredential(data map[string]any) (ApplicationCredential, error) {
+	values := make(map[string]string, 7)
+	for _, key := range []string{"username", "password", "database", "host", "hostaddr", "port", "sslmode"} {
+		value, ok := data[key].(string)
+		if !ok || value == "" {
+			return ApplicationCredential{}, ErrApplicationCredentialInvalid
+		}
+		values[key] = value
+	}
+	port, err := strconv.Atoi(values["port"])
+	if err != nil {
+		return ApplicationCredential{}, ErrApplicationCredentialInvalid
+	}
+	endpoint, err := instance.NewEndpoint(instance.EndpointValues{
+		Host:               values["host"],
+		HostAddr:           values["hostaddr"],
+		Port:               port,
+		ManagementDatabase: values["database"],
+		TLSMode:            instance.TLSMode(values["sslmode"]),
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return ApplicationCredential{}, ErrApplicationCredentialInvalid
+	}
+	return NewApplicationCredential(values["username"], values["password"], values["database"], endpoint)
+}

internal/database/application/application_credential_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2026.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package application_test
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"maps"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/application"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/domain/instance"
+)
+
+func TestApplicationCredential(t *testing.T) {
+	endpoint, err := instance.NewEndpoint(instance.EndpointValues{
+		Host: "postgres.example", HostAddr: "192.0.2.1", Port: 5432,
+		ManagementDatabase: "postgres", TLSMode: instance.TLSVerifyFull,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	first, err := application.GenerateApplicationCredential("owner", "app", endpoint)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	second, err := application.GenerateApplicationCredential("owner", "app", endpoint)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	data := first.SecretData()
+	if len(data) != 7 || data["password"] == second.SecretData()["password"] || len(data["password"].(string)) != 43 {
+		t.Fatal("expected seven keys and independent 256-bit passwords")
+	}
+	parsed, err := application.ParseApplicationCredential(data)
+	if err != nil || !maps.Equal(parsed.SecretData(), data) {
+		t.Fatal("credential did not round trip")
+	}
+	encoded, err := json.Marshal(first)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	for _, output := range []string{fmt.Sprint(first), fmt.Sprintf("%+v", first), fmt.Sprintf("%#v", first), string(encoded)} {
+		if strings.Contains(output, data["password"].(string)) {
+			t.Fatal("credential formatting leaked the password")
+		}
+	}
+	data["password"] = "changed"
+	if first.SecretData()["password"] == "changed" {
+		t.Fatal("caller mutated credential")
+	}
+	for key := range data {
+		invalid := maps.Clone(data)
+		delete(invalid, key)
+		if _, err := application.ParseApplicationCredential(invalid); err == nil {
+			t.Fatalf("accepted missing %s", key)
+		}
+		invalid[key] = 42
+		if _, err := application.ParseApplicationCredential(invalid); err == nil {
+			t.Fatalf("accepted non-string %s", key)
+		}
+	}
+	if (application.ApplicationCredential{}).Validate() == nil {
+		t.Fatal("accepted zero credential")
+	}
+}

internal/database/application/credential_preparation.go

@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+package application
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/domain/binding"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/domain/instance"
+)
+
+var (
+	ErrCredentialLocation    = errors.New("credential location is outside the configured scope")
+	ErrCredentialUnavailable = errors.New("credential backend unavailable")
+	ErrCredentialNotFound    = errors.New("application credential not found")
+	ErrCredentialConflict    = errors.New("credential creation requires manual conflict resolution")
+	ErrCredentialUncertain   = errors.New("credential creation outcome is uncertain; manual resolution required")
+)
+
+const (
+	CredentialsReady          = "CredentialsReady"
+	CredentialCreationStarted = "CreationStarted"
+	CredentialPrepared        = "CredentialPrepared"
+)
+
+type CredentialLocation struct {
+	Mount string
+	Path  string
+}
+
+// CredentialStore 只表达本用例需要的凭据操作，不提供覆盖或删除。
+// version=0 的读取只用于观察是否已有值，成功不能作为认领依据。
+type CredentialStore interface {
+	ProvisionLocation(string) (CredentialLocation, error)
+	ReadCredential(context.Context, CredentialLocation, int64) (ApplicationCredential, error)
+	CreateCredential(context.Context, CredentialLocation, ApplicationCredential) (int64, error)
+}
+
+type CredentialInstance struct {
+	binding.Instance
+	Generation int64
+	Endpoint   instance.Endpoint
+}
+
+// CredentialRecord 是同一轮观察的事实，状态中永远不保存密码。
+type CredentialRecord struct {
+	Database          BindingDatabase
+	Tenant            *BindingTenant
+	Instance          *CredentialInstance
+	DatabaseProtected bool
+	TenantProtected   bool
+	Status            CredentialStatus
+}
+
+type CredentialStatus struct {
+	Location *CredentialLocation
+	Version  int64
+	Ready    bool
+	Reason   string
+	Message  string
+}
+
+// CredentialResources 的写入必须检查 Database UID/resourceVersion，保留其他状态。
+// CheckCurrent 在外部操作前后回读本轮三个资源，拒绝陈旧快照；它不是跨系统事务。
+type CredentialResources interface {
+	Load(context.Context, string) (*CredentialRecord, error)
+	Save(context.Context, *CredentialRecord, CredentialStatus) (*CredentialRecord, error)
+	CheckCurrent(context.Context, *CredentialRecord) error
+}
+
+type CredentialPreparation struct {
+	Resources CredentialResources
+	Store     CredentialStore
+}
+
+func (s CredentialPreparation) Reconcile(ctx context.Context, name string) error {
+	record, err := s.Resources.Load(ctx, name)
+	if err != nil || record == nil || record.Database.Source != "Provision" {
+		return err
+	}
+	// 未完成创建的重入不猜测后端结果。即使进程在实际发请求前退出，也需要人工核实。
+	if record.Status.Version == 0 && record.Status.Reason == binding.Conflict {
+		return nil // 保留首次冲突的具体原因，不因后端恢复而重入创建。
+	}
+	if record.Status.Version == 0 && record.Status.Reason == CredentialCreationStarted {
+		return s.report(ctx, record, binding.Conflict,
+			"凭据创建未留下成功确认；请核对固定位置与后端历史并人工处理，未重新生成密码")
+	}
+	if issue := record.check(); issue != nil {
+		return s.report(ctx, record, issue.Reason, issue.Message)
+	}
+	location, err := s.Store.ProvisionLocation(record.Database.Identity.UID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return s.report(ctx, record, binding.DependencyUnavailable, "凭据存储位置配置无效，未执行外部写入")
+	}
+	if record.Status.Location == nil {
+		status := record.Status
+		status.Location = &location
+		status.Ready, status.Reason, status.Message = false, "LocationPinned", "凭据位置已固定，等待创建"
+		record, err = s.Resources.Save(ctx, record, status)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	} else if *record.Status.Location != location {
+		return s.report(ctx, record, binding.DependencyUnavailable,
+			"部署配置与固定凭据位置不一致；请恢复原 mount/path 配置，未迁移或改密")
+	}
+	if record.Status.Version > 0 {
+		return s.observe(ctx, record)
+	}
+	return s.create(ctx, record)
+}
+
+func (s CredentialPreparation) create(ctx context.Context, record *CredentialRecord) error {
+	_, err := s.Store.ReadCredential(ctx, *record.Status.Location, 0)
+	if err == nil || errors.Is(err, ErrApplicationCredentialInvalid) {
+		return s.report(ctx, record, binding.Conflict, "固定位置已有未确认的凭据；请人工核实，未认领或覆盖")
+	}
+	if !errors.Is(err, ErrCredentialNotFound) {
+		return s.report(ctx, record, binding.DependencyUnavailable, "创建前无法确认凭据位置是否为空，等待依赖恢复")
+	}
+	credential, err := GenerateApplicationCredential(record.Database.LoginRole, record.Database.Name, record.Instance.Endpoint)
+	if err != nil {
+		return s.report(ctx, record, "InvalidTarget", "应用凭据目标无效，未执行外部写入")
+	}
+	status := record.Status
+	status.Ready, status.Reason = false, CredentialCreationStarted
+	status.Message = "凭据创建已开始；尚无成功确认时不得重入创建"
+	record, err = s.Resources.Save(ctx, record, status)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := s.Resources.CheckCurrent(ctx, record); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	version, err := s.Store.CreateCredential(ctx, *record.Status.Location, credential)
+	if errors.Is(err, ErrCredentialUnavailable) {
+		// 适配器只在明确未执行写入（认证拒绝或请求前取消）时返回此错误。
+		return s.report(ctx, record, binding.DependencyUnavailable, "凭据创建在执行前被拒绝，等待认证或权限恢复")
+	}
+	if err != nil || version != 1 {
+		return s.report(ctx, record, binding.Conflict,
+			"凭据创建冲突或结果不确定；请核对固定位置的版本历史，未认领、覆盖或重新生成密码")
+	}
+	if err := s.Resources.CheckCurrent(ctx, record); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	status = record.Status
+	status.Version, status.Ready, status.Reason = version, true, CredentialPrepared
+	status.Message = "凭据已创建并回读确认；尚未创建 PostgreSQL 资源或交付给 Tenant"
+	_, err = s.Resources.Save(ctx, record, status)
+	return err
+}
+
+func (s CredentialPreparation) observe(ctx context.Context, record *CredentialRecord) error {
+	credential, err := s.Store.ReadCredential(ctx, *record.Status.Location, record.Status.Version)
+	if errors.Is(err, ErrCredentialConflict) || errors.Is(err, ErrCredentialNotFound) {
+		return s.report(ctx, record, binding.Conflict, "已确认凭据消失、版本变化或内容无效；请人工核实，未生成替代密码")
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return s.report(ctx, record, binding.DependencyUnavailable, "已确认凭据暂时无法读取；保留确认版本，等待依赖恢复")
+	}
+	if !credential.MatchesTarget(record.Database.LoginRole, record.Database.Name, record.Instance.Endpoint) {
+		return s.report(ctx, record, binding.Conflict, "已确认凭据与当前 Instance/database/loginRole 不一致；请人工核实，未修改凭据")
+	}
+	if err := s.Resources.CheckCurrent(ctx, record); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	status := record.Status
+	status.Ready, status.Reason = true, CredentialPrepared
+	status.Message = "已确认凭据可读取；尚未验证 PostgreSQL 资源或完成 Tenant 交付"
+	_, err = s.Resources.Save(ctx, record, status)
+	return err
+}
+
+func (s CredentialPreparation) report(ctx context.Context, record *CredentialRecord, reason, message string) error {
+	status := record.Status
+	status.Ready, status.Reason = false, reason
+	status.Message = fmt.Sprintf("Database %s：%s", record.Database.Identity.Name, message)
+	_, err := s.Resources.Save(ctx, record, status)
+	return err
+}

internal/database/application/credential_preparation_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+package application
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/domain/binding"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/domain/instance"
+)
+
+const (
+	preparationInstanceName = "credential-instance"
+	preparationInstanceUID  = "credential-instance-uid"
+)
+
+func preparationRecord(t *testing.T) *CredentialRecord {
+	t.Helper()
+	tenant := binding.TenantIdentity{Namespace: bindingTestNamespace, Name: bindingTestName, UID: "credential-tenant-uid"}
+	database := binding.Identity{Name: binding.DynamicDatabaseName(tenant.UID), UID: "credential-database-uid"}
+	endpoint, err := instance.NewEndpoint(instance.EndpointValues{
+		Host: "postgres.example", HostAddr: "192.0.2.1", Port: 5432, ManagementDatabase: "management", TLSMode: instance.TLSVerifyFull,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return &CredentialRecord{
+		Database: BindingDatabase{Database: binding.Database{
+			Identity: database, Instance: preparationInstanceName, InstanceUID: preparationInstanceUID, Name: bindingTestName, LoginRole: bindingTestName, Source: "Provision", Tenant: &tenant,
+		}},
+		Tenant: &BindingTenant{
+			Identity: tenant, Phase: binding.Bound, Database: &database,
+			Request: binding.Request{Provision: &binding.ProvisionRequest{Instance: preparationInstanceName}},
+		},
+		Instance:          &CredentialInstance{Identity: binding.Identity{Name: preparationInstanceName, UID: preparationInstanceUID}, Ready: true, Endpoint: endpoint},
+		DatabaseProtected: true, TenantProtected: true,
+	}
+}
+
+type memoryCredentialResources struct {
+	record     *CredentialRecord
+	saveError  error
+	checkError error
+}
+
+func (r *memoryCredentialResources) Load(context.Context, string) (*CredentialRecord, error) {
+	copy := *r.record
+	return &copy, nil
+}
+
+func (r *memoryCredentialResources) Save(_ context.Context, record *CredentialRecord, status CredentialStatus) (*CredentialRecord, error) {
+	if r.saveError != nil {
+		return nil, r.saveError
+	}
+	copy := *record
+	copy.Status = status
+	r.record = &copy
+	return &copy, nil
+}
+
+func (r *memoryCredentialResources) CheckCurrent(context.Context, *CredentialRecord) error {
+	return r.checkError
+}
+
+type preparationStore struct {
+	reads       int
+	creates     int
+	readError   error
+	createError error
+}
+
+func (*preparationStore) ProvisionLocation(uid string) (CredentialLocation, error) {
+	return CredentialLocation{Mount: "applications", Path: "database/" + uid}, nil
+}
+
+func (s *preparationStore) ReadCredential(context.Context, CredentialLocation, int64) (ApplicationCredential, error) {
+	s.reads++
+	return ApplicationCredential{}, s.readError
+}
+
+func (s *preparationStore) CreateCredential(context.Context, CredentialLocation, ApplicationCredential) (int64, error) {
+	s.creates++
+	if s.createError != nil {
+		return 0, s.createError
+	}
+	return 1, nil
+}
+
+func TestCredentialPreparationGates(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, test := range []struct {
+		name   string
+		change func(*CredentialRecord)
+	}{
+		{"导入不供应", func(r *CredentialRecord) { r.Database.Source = "Import" }},
+		{"删除中的资源", func(r *CredentialRecord) { r.Database.Deleting = true }},
+		{"已释放资源", func(r *CredentialRecord) { r.Database.Phase = "Released" }},
+		{"缺少资源保护", func(r *CredentialRecord) { r.DatabaseProtected = false }},
+		{"缺少申请保护", func(r *CredentialRecord) { r.TenantProtected = false }},
+		{"单向绑定", func(r *CredentialRecord) { r.Tenant.Database = nil }},
+		{"删除中的申请", func(r *CredentialRecord) { r.Tenant.Deleting = true }},
+		{"申请尚未Bound", func(r *CredentialRecord) { r.Tenant.Phase = binding.Binding }},
+		{"旧申请身份", func(r *CredentialRecord) { r.Tenant.Identity.UID = "new-tenant" }},
+		{"旧资源身份", func(r *CredentialRecord) { r.Tenant.Database.UID = "new-database" }},
+		{"Instance未出现", func(r *CredentialRecord) { r.Instance = nil }},
+		{"Instance正在删除", func(r *CredentialRecord) { r.Instance.Deleting = true }},
+		{"Instance未Ready", func(r *CredentialRecord) { r.Instance.Ready = false }},
+		{"Instance身份未记录", func(r *CredentialRecord) { r.Database.InstanceUID = "" }},
+		{"Instance同名重建", func(r *CredentialRecord) { r.Instance.Identity.UID = "new-instance" }},
+		{"目标不一致", func(r *CredentialRecord) { r.Database.LoginRole = "another_owner" }},
+	} {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			record := preparationRecord(t)
+			test.change(record)
+			resources := &memoryCredentialResources{record: record}
+			store := &preparationStore{readError: ErrCredentialNotFound}
+			if err := (CredentialPreparation{Resources: resources, Store: store}).Reconcile(t.Context(), record.Database.Identity.Name); err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			if store.reads != 0 || store.creates != 0 || resources.record.Status.Version != 0 {
+				t.Fatal("前置条件不满足时不得读取、创建或确认凭据")
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCredentialPreparationWriteBoundary(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, test := range []struct {
+		name        string
+		saveError   bool
+		stale       bool
+		createError error
+		wantError   bool
+		wantCreates int
+		wantVersion int64
+	}{
+		{name: "位置无法保存", saveError: true, wantError: true},
+		{name: "外部操作前快照变化", stale: true, wantError: true},
+		{name: "明确权限拒绝", createError: ErrCredentialUnavailable, wantCreates: 1},
+		{name: "创建结果不确定", createError: ErrCredentialUncertain, wantCreates: 1},
+		{name: "并发创建冲突", createError: ErrCredentialConflict, wantCreates: 1},
+		{name: "创建与回读成功", wantCreates: 1, wantVersion: 1},
+	} {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			resources := &memoryCredentialResources{record: preparationRecord(t)}
+			if test.saveError {
+				resources.saveError = errors.New("fixture write failure")
+			}
+			if test.stale {
+				resources.checkError = errors.New("fixture stale observation")
+			}
+			store := &preparationStore{readError: ErrCredentialNotFound, createError: test.createError}
+			service := CredentialPreparation{Resources: resources, Store: store}
+			err := service.Reconcile(t.Context(), resources.record.Database.Identity.Name)
+			if (err != nil) != test.wantError || store.creates != test.wantCreates || resources.record.Status.Version != test.wantVersion {
+				t.Fatal("外部写入边界或确认时机不符合预期")
+			}
+			if test.createError == ErrCredentialUncertain || test.stale {
+				resources.checkError = nil
+				if err := service.Reconcile(t.Context(), resources.record.Database.Identity.Name); err != nil {
+					t.Fatal(err)
+				}
+				if store.creates != test.wantCreates || resources.record.Status.Reason != binding.Conflict {
+					t.Fatal("未确认创建重入时不得生成替代密码")
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

internal/database/application/credential_target.go

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+package application
+
+import "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/domain/binding"
+
+func (r *CredentialRecord) check() *binding.Issue {
+	database := r.Database
+	if database.Deleting || database.Phase == binding.Deleting || database.Phase == "Released" {
+		return &binding.Issue{Reason: "PreparationStopped", Message: "Database 正在删除或已释放；保留凭据与 finalizer，不执行供应或清理"}
+	}
+	if database.Tenant == nil || r.Tenant == nil || r.Tenant.Database == nil {
+		return &binding.Issue{Reason: binding.DependencyUnavailable, Message: "等待 Database 与 Tenant 双向绑定完成"}
+	}
+	if *database.Tenant != r.Tenant.Identity || *r.Tenant.Database != database.Identity {
+		return &binding.Issue{Reason: binding.Conflict, Message: "双向绑定的名称或 UID 不匹配，未创建凭据"}
+	}
+	if r.Tenant.Deleting || r.Tenant.Phase != binding.Bound || !r.DatabaseProtected || !r.TenantProtected {
+		return &binding.Issue{Reason: "PreparationStopped", Message: "Tenant 未完成绑定、正在删除或缺少 finalizer 保护，未创建凭据"}
+	}
+	target, err := r.Tenant.Request.Resolve(r.Tenant.Identity)
+	if err != nil || (target.Provision != nil && !database.MatchesProvision(target, r.Tenant.Identity)) || target.Name != database.Identity.Name {
+		return &binding.Issue{Reason: binding.Conflict, Message: "Tenant 申请与 Database 目标不一致，未创建凭据"}
+	}
+	if r.Instance == nil || database.InstanceUID == "" {
+		return &binding.Issue{Reason: binding.DependencyUnavailable, Message: "等待 Instance 与已记录的实例身份"}
+	}
+	return r.Instance.Check(&database.Database)
+}

internal/database/controller/credential_controller.go

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+package controller
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	databasev1alpha1 "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/api/database/v1alpha1"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/adapter/kubernetes"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/application"
+	ctrl "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/client"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/handler"
+)
+
+// CredentialReconciler 只连接事件、用例和重试，不在控制器中编排凭据写入。
+type CredentialReconciler struct {
+	Client client.Client
+	Reader client.Reader
+	Store  application.CredentialStore
+}
+
+func (r *CredentialReconciler) Reconcile(ctx context.Context, request ctrl.Request) (ctrl.Result, error) {
+	service := application.CredentialPreparation{
+		Resources: &kubernetes.CredentialResources{Client: r.Client, Reader: r.Reader}, Store: r.Store,
+	}
+	if err := service.Reconcile(ctx, request.Name); err != nil {
+		return ctrl.Result{}, err
+	}
+	// Bao 的可用性和版本变化没有 Kubernetes watch；与已有依赖重查保持一致。
+	return ctrl.Result{RequeueAfter: dependencyRetry}, nil
+}
+
+func (r *CredentialReconciler) SetupWithManager(manager ctrl.Manager) error {
+	if r.Client == nil {
+		r.Client = manager.GetClient()
+	}
+	if r.Reader == nil {
+		r.Reader = manager.GetAPIReader()
+	}
+	return ctrl.NewControllerManagedBy(manager).
+		Named("database-credentials").For(&databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabase{}).
+		Watches(&databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLTenant{}, handler.EnqueueRequestsFromMapFunc(r.requestsForTenant)).
+		Watches(&databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLInstance{}, handler.EnqueueRequestsFromMapFunc(r.requestsForInstance)).
+		Complete(r)
+}
+
+func (r *CredentialReconciler) requestsForTenant(_ context.Context, object client.Object) []ctrl.Request {
+	tenant := object.(*databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLTenant)
+	if tenant.Status.DatabaseRef == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return []ctrl.Request{{Name: string(tenant.Status.DatabaseRef.Name)}}
+}
+
+func (r *CredentialReconciler) requestsForInstance(ctx context.Context, object client.Object) []ctrl.Request {
+	databases := &databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabaseList{}
+	if err := r.Client.List(ctx, databases); err != nil {
+		ctrl.LoggerFrom(ctx).Error(err, "无法映射 Instance 凭据准备事件；等待低频重试")
+		return nil
+	}
+	var requests []ctrl.Request
+	for _, database := range databases.Items {
+		if string(database.Spec.InstanceRef.Name) == object.GetName() {
+			requests = append(requests, ctrl.Request{NamespacedName: client.ObjectKeyFromObject(&database)})
+		}
+	}
+	return requests
+}

internal/infra/openbao/authentication.go

@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2026.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package openbao
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"time"
+
+	kubernetesauth "github.com/openbao/openbao/api/auth/kubernetes/v2"
+	bao "github.com/openbao/openbao/api/v2"
+	authenticationv1 "k8s.io/api/authentication/v1"
+	corev1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/validation"
+	kubeclient "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/client"
+)
+
+var ErrAuthenticationConfiguration = errors.New("invalid OpenBao Kubernetes authentication configuration")
+
+var authPathSegment = regexp.MustCompile(`^[A-Za-z0-9_-]+$`)
+
+func validAuthMount(mount string) bool {
+	for segment := range strings.SplitSeq(mount, "/") {
+		if !authPathSegment.MatchString(segment) {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// KubernetesSession 为专用 SDK client 维护短期登录，不持久化或对外返回 token。
+// 每次登录通过 manager 的 Kubernetes 身份申请新的 SA JWT，不依赖 controller 的部署位置。
+// 续期调度由官方 LifetimeWatcher 负责，不实现自己的 lease 算法。
+type KubernetesSession struct {
+	client     *bao.Client
+	mount      string
+	role       string
+	kubernetes kubeclient.Client
+	identity   KubernetesIdentity
+	running    sync.Mutex
+	ready      atomic.Bool
+}
+
+// KubernetesIdentity 是部署固定的登录目标，不由业务请求选择。
+type KubernetesIdentity struct {
+	Namespace      string
+	ServiceAccount string
+	Audience       string
+}
+
+func NewKubernetesSession(
+	client *bao.Client,
+	kubernetes kubeclient.Client,
+	mount, role string,
+	identity KubernetesIdentity,
+) (*KubernetesSession, error) {
+	if client == nil || kubernetes == nil || !validAuthMount(mount) || !authPathSegment.MatchString(role) ||
+		len(validation.IsDNS1123Label(identity.Namespace)) != 0 ||
+		len(validation.IsDNS1123Subdomain(identity.ServiceAccount)) != 0 || strings.TrimSpace(identity.Audience) == "" {
+		return nil, ErrAuthenticationConfiguration
+	}
+	client.ClearToken()
+	client.SetMaxRetries(0)
+	client.SetClientTimeout(15 * time.Second)
+	return &KubernetesSession{
+		client:     client,
+		mount:      mount,
+		role:       role,
+		kubernetes: kubernetes,
+		identity:   identity,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// Ready 仅代表当前登录 lease 正由 SDK 管理，不保证下一次后端请求一定成功。
+func (s *KubernetesSession) Ready() bool { return s.ready.Load() }
+
+// Start 可交给 manager 管理；关闭时清空本地 token，不撤销共享后端数据。
+// SDK 的 Stop 不取消已发出的续期 HTTP 请求，因此等待该请求结束后才退出，最长受 client timeout 限制。
+func (s *KubernetesSession) Start(ctx context.Context) error {
+	if !s.running.TryLock() {
+		return errors.New("OpenBao authentication is already running")
+	}
+	defer s.running.Unlock()
+	defer s.clear()
+	for ctx.Err() == nil {
+		s.clear()
+		secret := s.login(ctx)
+		if secret != nil {
+			s.watch(ctx, secret)
+		}
+		s.clear()
+		// 登录失败及不能继续续期均有限速，防止依赖故障时形成请求忙循环。
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return nil
+		case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *KubernetesSession) clear() {
+	s.ready.Store(false)
+	s.client.ClearToken()
+}
+
+func (s *KubernetesSession) login(ctx context.Context) *bao.Secret {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 15*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+	// JWT 只用于本次登录，不缓存或自行解析 kubeconfig 中的凭据。
+	// client-go 负责 kubeconfig/in-cluster 身份与凭据更新；API server 按 RBAC 签发。
+	expirationSeconds := int64(600)
+	account := &corev1.ServiceAccount{
+		Namespace: s.identity.Namespace,
+		Name:      s.identity.ServiceAccount,
+	}
+	token := &authenticationv1.TokenRequest{
+		Spec: authenticationv1.TokenRequestSpec{
+			Audiences:         []string{s.identity.Audience},
+			ExpirationSeconds: &expirationSeconds,
+		},
+	}
+	// 子资源写入直接请求 API server，不读 cache，也不需要额外的 ServiceAccount get 权限。
+	err := s.kubernetes.SubResource("token").Create(ctx, account, token)
+	if err != nil || strings.TrimSpace(token.Status.Token) == "" ||
+		!token.Status.ExpirationTimestamp.After(time.Now()) {
+		return nil
+	}
+	// helper 会缓存 token，不能跨登录轮次复用。
+	method, err := kubernetesauth.NewKubernetesAuth(s.role,
+		kubernetesauth.WithMountPath(s.mount),
+		kubernetesauth.WithServiceAccountToken(token.Status.Token),
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	// 先检查短期 lease，再发布到共享 client，避免暴露不合规的登录结果。
+	secret, err := method.Login(ctx, s.client)
+	if err != nil || secret == nil || secret.Auth == nil || secret.Auth.ClientToken == "" || secret.Auth.LeaseDuration <= 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if ctx.Err() != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	s.client.SetToken(secret.Auth.ClientToken)
+	return secret
+}
+
+func (s *KubernetesSession) watch(ctx context.Context, secret *bao.Secret) {
+	behavior := bao.RenewBehaviorErrorOnErrors
+	if !secret.Auth.Renewable {
+		behavior = bao.RenewBehaviorRenewDisabled
+	}
+	watcher, err := s.client.NewLifetimeWatcher(&bao.LifetimeWatcherInput{Secret: secret, RenewBehavior: behavior})
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	s.ready.Store(true)
+	go watcher.Start()
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			s.clear()
+			watcher.Stop()
+			<-watcher.DoneCh()
+			return
+		case <-watcher.DoneCh():
+			watcher.Stop()
+			return
+		case <-watcher.RenewCh():
+			// 不记录 SDK Secret 或 token；无需复制 SDK 已处理的续期数据。
+		}
+	}
+}

internal/infra/openbao/authentication_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2026.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package openbao_test
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	bao "github.com/openbao/openbao/api/v2"
+	authenticationv1 "k8s.io/api/authentication/v1"
+	corev1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/meta"
+	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime/schema"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/rest"
+	kubeclient "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/client"
+
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/infra/openbao"
+)
+
+const (
+	authRole     = "controller"
+	fixtureToken = "AYATORI-TEST-ONLY-bao-token"
+)
+
+func fixtureClient(t *testing.T, address string) *bao.Client {
+	t.Helper()
+	config := bao.NewConfig()
+	config.Address = address
+	client, err := bao.NewClient(config)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("cannot construct fixture client")
+	}
+	client.SetToken(fixtureToken)
+	return client
+}
+
+var testIdentity = openbao.KubernetesIdentity{Namespace: "bao-controller", ServiceAccount: authRole, Audience: "openbao"}
+
+func authenticationClient(t *testing.T, address string) kubeclient.Client {
+	t.Helper()
+	// HTTP 单元 fixture 只提供 TokenRequest；静态映射避免额外模拟 discovery API。
+	mapper := meta.NewDefaultRESTMapper([]schema.GroupVersion{corev1.SchemeGroupVersion})
+	mapper.Add(corev1.SchemeGroupVersion.WithKind("ServiceAccount"), meta.RESTScopeNamespace)
+	client, err := kubeclient.New(&rest.Config{Host: address, ContentType: "application/json"}, kubeclient.Options{
+		Mapper: mapper,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("cannot construct fixture Kubernetes client")
+	}
+	return client
+}
+
+func authenticationServer(t *testing.T, token func() (string, bool), login http.HandlerFunc) *httptest.Server {
+	t.Helper()
+	return httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if r.URL.Path != "/api/v1/namespaces/bao-controller/serviceaccounts/controller/token" {
+			login(w, r)
+			return
+		}
+		var request authenticationv1.TokenRequest
+		if json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&request) != nil || r.Method != http.MethodPost ||
+			len(request.Spec.Audiences) != 1 || request.Spec.Audiences[0] != testIdentity.Audience ||
+			request.Spec.ExpirationSeconds == nil || *request.Spec.ExpirationSeconds != 600 {
+			t.Error("unexpected TokenRequest target or lifetime")
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
+			return
+		}
+		jwt, allowed := token()
+		if !allowed {
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusForbidden)
+			return
+		}
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(authenticationv1.TokenRequest{
+			APIVersion: "authentication.k8s.io/v1", Kind: "TokenRequest",
+			Status: authenticationv1.TokenRequestStatus{Token: jwt, ExpirationTimestamp: metav1.NewTime(time.Now().Add(10 * time.Minute))},
+		}); err != nil {
+			t.Error("cannot encode fixture TokenRequest response")
+		}
+	}))
+}
+
+func TestKubernetesSessionDoesNotFallbackFromMissingToken(t *testing.T) {
+	var requests atomic.Int32
+	for _, missing := range []bool{true, false} {
+		server := authenticationServer(t, func() (string, bool) { return "", !missing }, func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+			requests.Add(1)
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusForbidden)
+		})
+		defer server.Close()
+		client := fixtureClient(t, server.URL)
+		session, err := openbao.NewKubernetesSession(client, authenticationClient(t, server.URL), "kubernetes", authRole, testIdentity)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(t.Context(), 100*time.Millisecond)
+		err = session.Start(ctx)
+		cancel()
+		if err != nil || session.Ready() || client.Token() != "" || requests.Load() != 0 {
+			t.Fatal("denied or empty TokenRequest must not fall back to another identity")
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func waitForAuthentication(t *testing.T, check func() bool) {
+	t.Helper()
+	deadline := time.NewTimer(20 * time.Second)
+	defer deadline.Stop()
+	for !check() {
+		select {
+		case <-deadline.C:
+			t.Fatal("authentication condition timed out")
+		case <-time.After(20 * time.Millisecond):
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func startSession(t *testing.T, session interface{ Start(context.Context) error }) context.CancelFunc {
+	t.Helper()
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(t.Context())
+	done := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() { done <- session.Start(ctx) }()
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		cancel()
+		select {
+		case <-done:
+		case <-time.After(20 * time.Second):
+			t.Error("authentication did not stop")
+		}
+	})
+	return cancel
+}
+
+func TestKubernetesSessionRequestsNewTokenAfterFailure(t *testing.T) {
+	var attempts atomic.Int32
+	var accepted atomic.Bool
+	var rotated atomic.Bool
+	server := authenticationServer(t, func() (string, bool) {
+		if rotated.Load() {
+			return "rotated-test-jwt", true
+		}
+		return "expired-test-jwt", true
+	}, func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if r.URL.Path != "/v1/auth/kubernetes/login" {
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotFound)
+			return
+		}
+		var request struct{ JWT, Role string }
+		if json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&request) != nil || request.Role != authRole {
+			t.Error("unexpected authentication request")
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
+			return
+		}
+		attempts.Add(1)
+		if request.JWT != "rotated-test-jwt" {
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusForbidden)
+			return
+		}
+		accepted.Store(true)
+		if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]any{"auth": map[string]any{
+			"client_token": fixtureToken, "lease_duration": 60, "renewable": false,
+		}}); err != nil {
+			t.Error("cannot encode authentication fixture response")
+		}
+	})
+	defer server.Close()
+	client := fixtureClient(t, server.URL)
+	session, err := openbao.NewKubernetesSession(client, authenticationClient(t, server.URL), "kubernetes", authRole, testIdentity)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if client.Token() != "" {
+		t.Fatal("constructor retained preexisting static token")
+	}
+	cancel := startSession(t, session)
+	waitForAuthentication(t, func() bool { return attempts.Load() > 0 })
+	if session.Ready() || client.Token() != "" {
+		t.Fatal("failed login retained credentials")
+	}
+	rotated.Store(true)
+	waitForAuthentication(t, func() bool { return accepted.Load() && session.Ready() })
+	if client.Token() != fixtureToken {
+		t.Fatal("successful login did not configure the client")
+	}
+	if session.Start(t.Context()) == nil {
+		t.Fatal("allowed concurrent lifecycle owners")
+	}
+	cancel()
+	waitForAuthentication(t, func() bool { return !session.Ready() && client.Token() == "" })
+}
+
+func TestKubernetesSessionRejectsUnboundedLease(t *testing.T) {
+	var attempts atomic.Int32
+	server := authenticationServer(t, func() (string, bool) { return "test-jwt", true }, func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+		attempts.Add(1)
+		if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]any{"auth": map[string]any{
+			"client_token": fixtureToken, "lease_duration": 0,
+		}}); err != nil {
+			t.Error("cannot encode authentication fixture response")
+		}
+	})
+	defer server.Close()
+	client := fixtureClient(t, server.URL)
+	session, err := openbao.NewKubernetesSession(client, authenticationClient(t, server.URL), "kubernetes", authRole, testIdentity)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	startSession(t, session)
+	waitForAuthentication(t, func() bool { return attempts.Load() > 0 })
+	if session.Ready() || client.Token() != "" {
+		t.Fatal("accepted a token without a finite lease")
+	}
+}

internal/infra/openbao/client.go

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2026.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+// Package openbao 管理控制面共享的 OpenBao 连接与认证，不依赖任何产品领域。
+package openbao
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"net/url"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	bao "github.com/openbao/openbao/api/v2"
+)
+
+// NewClient 创建供读写适配器共享的官方 SDK client；身份由 KubernetesSession 管理。
+func NewClient(addressURL, caCert string) (*bao.Client, error) {
+	address, err := url.Parse(addressURL)
+	if err != nil || address.Scheme != "https" || address.Host == "" || address.User != nil ||
+		address.RawQuery != "" || address.ForceQuery || address.Fragment != "" ||
+		(address.Path != "" && address.Path != "/") {
+		return nil, errors.New("OpenBao address must be an absolute HTTPS URL without credentials, query, fragment or path")
+	}
+	// NewConfig 不读取 BAO_TOKEN/BAO_SKIP_VERIFY 等环境配置，不允许旁路 Kubernetes 身份或 TLS。
+	config := bao.NewConfig()
+	config.Address = strings.TrimSuffix(addressURL, "/")
+	// 公共读写 client 不自动重试：写入结果不确定时交由具体用例决定恢复行为。
+	config.MaxRetries = 0
+	config.Timeout = 15 * time.Second
+	if config.Error != nil || config.ConfigureTLS(&bao.TLSConfig{CACert: caCert}) != nil {
+		return nil, errors.New("cannot configure OpenBao TLS trust")
+	}
+	client, err := bao.NewClient(config)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.New("cannot construct OpenBao client")
+	}
+	return client, nil
+}

internal/infra/openbao/client_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2026.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package openbao_test
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"testing"
+
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/infra/openbao"
+)
+
+func TestOpenBaoClientDoesNotUseEnvironmentIdentityOrAddress(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("BAO_TOKEN", "TEST-ONLY-unwanted-static-token")
+	t.Setenv("BAO_ADDR", "http://unwanted.invalid")
+	t.Setenv("BAO_SKIP_VERIFY", "true")
+	client, err := openbao.NewClient("https://bao.example/", "")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if client.Address() != "https://bao.example" || client.Token() != "" {
+		t.Fatal("ambient environment replaced the explicit connection or identity")
+	}
+	if client.MaxRetries() != 0 {
+		t.Fatal("shared client must not automatically retry uncertain writes")
+	}
+	server := httptest.NewTLSServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+	untrusted, err := openbao.NewClient(server.URL, "")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	untrusted.SetMaxRetries(0)
+	if _, err := untrusted.Sys().HealthWithContext(t.Context()); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("BAO_SKIP_VERIFY bypassed TLS validation")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestOpenBaoClientRejectsUnsafeConfiguration(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, address := range []string{
+		"", "http://bao.example", "https://user:[email protected]",
+		"https://bao.example/?token=secret", "https://bao.example/#secret", "https://bao.example/path",
+	} {
+		if _, err := openbao.NewClient(address, ""); err == nil {
+			t.Fatal("accepted unsafe OpenBao address")
+		}
+	}
+	if _, err := openbao.NewClient("https://bao.example", "/nonexistent/fixture-ca"); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("accepted missing explicit CA")
+	}
+}