Merge pull request 'feat: Instance 原生管理观测与删除保护' (#11) from feat/database-instance-observation into main

确定单库单账号、集群级 Database、资源侧先写绑定和凭据定位合同。领域层承载纯规则，service 协調流程，Kubernetes adapter 负责资源呈现与版本保护。

验证：全量 make test、三轮 race、真实 API server 并发与重启补写、最小 RBAC/watch、lint 和文档检查通过。供应、凭据交付及删除清理尚未实现，保留 DeletionPending/finalizer 边界。

.gitea/workflows/verify.yml

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 name: Verify
 
 on:
+  # 合并前完成全量验证，合并到 main 后不重复运行同一套检查。
   pull_request:
-  push:
+  workflow_dispatch:
-    branches: [main]
 
 jobs:
   test:

api/database/v1alpha1/common_types.go

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+package v1alpha1
+
+import "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/types"
+
+// ObjectName 定位集群级资源，不携带 namespace 或隐式跨 API group 引用。
+// +kubebuilder:validation:MinLength=1
+// +kubebuilder:validation:MaxLength=253
+// +kubebuilder:validation:Pattern=`^[a-z0-9]([-a-z0-9.]*[a-z0-9])?$`
+type ObjectName string
+
+// PostgreSQLIdentifier 是第一版受管 database 与 login role 使用的名称。
+// +kubebuilder:validation:MaxLength=63
+// +kubebuilder:validation:Pattern=`^[a-z][a-z0-9_]{0,62}$`
+type PostgreSQLIdentifier string
+
+// InstanceReference 仅引用同 API group 的集群级 PostgreSQLInstance。
+type InstanceReference struct {
+	Name ObjectName `json:"name"`
+}
+
+// DatabaseReference 是 Tenant 对已有集群级 PostgreSQLDatabase 的选择。
+type DatabaseReference struct {
+	Name ObjectName `json:"name"`
+}
+
+// BoundDatabaseReference 记录已经参与绑定的对象身份，而非仅记录可复用的名称。
+type BoundDatabaseReference struct {
+	Name ObjectName `json:"name"`
+	// +kubebuilder:validation:Type=string
+	// +kubebuilder:validation:MinLength=1
+	// +kubebuilder:validation:MaxLength=128
+	UID types.UID `json:"uid"`
+}
+
+// TenantReference 是 Database 的当前绑定记录，不是允许绑定名单。
+type TenantReference struct {
+	// +kubebuilder:validation:MinLength=1
+	// +kubebuilder:validation:MaxLength=63
+	// +kubebuilder:validation:Pattern=`^[a-z0-9]([-a-z0-9]*[a-z0-9])?$`
+	Namespace string     `json:"namespace"`
+	Name      ObjectName `json:"name"`
+	// +kubebuilder:validation:Type=string
+	// +kubebuilder:validation:MinLength=1
+	// +kubebuilder:validation:MaxLength=128
+	UID types.UID `json:"uid"`
+}
+
+// ReclaimPolicy 控制资源释放后的处置，只有资源管理者可以修改。
+// +kubebuilder:validation:Enum=Retain;Delete
+type ReclaimPolicy string
+
+const (
+	ReclaimRetain ReclaimPolicy = "Retain"
+	ReclaimDelete ReclaimPolicy = "Delete"
+)
+
+// CredentialReference 定位已有 OpenBao KV v2 凭据，不包含任何秘密值。
+// 只由资源管理员在导入时填写；controller 必须检查部署允许的 mount/path 范围。
+type CredentialReference struct {
+	// +kubebuilder:validation:MinLength=1
+	// +kubebuilder:validation:MaxLength=253
+	Mount string `json:"mount"`
+	// Path 是 mount 内的逻辑路径，不含 KV v2 的 data/ API 前缀。
+	// +kubebuilder:validation:MinLength=1
+	// +kubebuilder:validation:MaxLength=1024
+	Path string `json:"path"`
+}

api/database/v1alpha1/groupversion_info.go

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+// Package v1alpha1 定义 Database 领域的 Kubernetes API。
+// +kubebuilder:object:generate=true
+// +groupName=database.ayatori.ddupan.top
+package v1alpha1
+
+import (
+	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime/schema"
+)
+
+var (
+	SchemeGroupVersion = schema.GroupVersion{Group: "database.ayatori.ddupan.top", Version: "v1alpha1"}
+	GroupVersion       = SchemeGroupVersion
+	SchemeBuilder      = runtime.NewSchemeBuilder(func(scheme *runtime.Scheme) error {
+		scheme.AddKnownTypes(SchemeGroupVersion,
+			&PostgreSQLInstance{}, &PostgreSQLInstanceList{},
+			&PostgreSQLDatabase{}, &PostgreSQLDatabaseList{},
+			&PostgreSQLTenant{}, &PostgreSQLTenantList{},
+		)
+		metav1.AddToGroupVersion(scheme, SchemeGroupVersion)
+		return nil
+	})
+	AddToScheme = SchemeBuilder.AddToScheme
+)

api/database/v1alpha1/postgresqldatabase_types.go

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+package v1alpha1
+
+import (
+	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/types"
+)
+
+// PostgreSQLDatabaseSpec 是一库、一个 login owner 及凭据的独立资源声明。
+// +kubebuilder:validation:XValidation:rule="(self.source == 'Import') == has(self.credentialRef)",message="only imported databases require an existing credentialRef"
+type PostgreSQLDatabaseSpec struct {
+	InstanceRef InstanceReference    `json:"instanceRef"`
+	Database    PostgreSQLIdentifier `json:"database"`
+	LoginRole   PostgreSQLIdentifier `json:"loginRole"`
+	// Source 明确区分创建与只读导入，不从后端同名对象推断。
+	// +kubebuilder:validation:Enum=Provision;Import
+	Source string `json:"source"`
+	// +optional
+	CredentialRef *CredentialReference `json:"credentialRef,omitempty"`
+	// +kubebuilder:default=Retain
+	// +optional
+	ReclaimPolicy ReclaimPolicy `json:"reclaimPolicy,omitempty"`
+	// TenantRef 由 controller 先写入；Released 时仍保留旧身份。
+	// +optional
+	TenantRef *TenantReference `json:"tenantRef,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type PostgreSQLDatabaseStatus struct {
+	// +optional
+	ObservedGeneration int64 `json:"observedGeneration,omitempty"`
+	// InstanceUID 记录观察时的实例身份，不把同名新实例视为原目标。
+	// +optional
+	InstanceUID types.UID `json:"instanceUID,omitempty"`
+	// Phase 暂不冻结供应子阶段枚举；它不是操作授权或绑定的替代记录。
+	// +optional
+	Phase string `json:"phase,omitempty"`
+	// +listType=map
+	// +listMapKey=type
+	// +optional
+	Conditions []metav1.Condition `json:"conditions,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// +kubebuilder:object:root=true
+// +kubebuilder:subresource:status
+// +kubebuilder:resource:scope=Cluster
+// +kubebuilder:validation:XValidation:rule="!(has(oldSelf.spec.tenantRef) || (has(oldSelf.status) && has(oldSelf.status.instanceUID))) || (self.spec.instanceRef == oldSelf.spec.instanceRef && self.spec.database == oldSelf.spec.database && self.spec.loginRole == oldSelf.spec.loginRole && self.spec.source == oldSelf.spec.source && has(self.spec.credentialRef) == has(oldSelf.spec.credentialRef) && (!has(oldSelf.spec.credentialRef) || self.spec.credentialRef == oldSelf.spec.credentialRef))",message="managed database target cannot change after observation or binding starts"
+// +kubebuilder:printcolumn:name="Instance",type=string,JSONPath=`.spec.instanceRef.name`
+// +kubebuilder:printcolumn:name="Database",type=string,JSONPath=`.spec.database`
+// +kubebuilder:printcolumn:name="Ready",type=string,JSONPath=`.status.conditions[?(@.type=='Ready')].status`
+type PostgreSQLDatabase struct {
+	metav1.TypeMeta   `json:",inline"`
+	metav1.ObjectMeta `json:"metadata,omitzero"`
+	Spec              PostgreSQLDatabaseSpec `json:"spec"`
+	// +optional
+	Status PostgreSQLDatabaseStatus `json:"status,omitzero"`
+}
+
+// +kubebuilder:object:root=true
+type PostgreSQLDatabaseList struct {
+	metav1.TypeMeta `json:",inline"`
+	metav1.ListMeta `json:"metadata,omitzero"`
+	Items           []PostgreSQLDatabase `json:"items"`
+}

api/database/v1alpha1/postgresqlinstance_types.go

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+package v1alpha1
+
+import metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
+
+// PostgreSQLEndpoint 显式区分证书主机名与实际连接 IP，不进行 DNS 推导。
+type PostgreSQLEndpoint struct {
+	// +kubebuilder:validation:MinLength=1
+	// +kubebuilder:validation:MaxLength=253
+	Host string `json:"host"`
+	// +kubebuilder:validation:MaxLength=45
+	// +kubebuilder:validation:XValidation:rule="isIP(self)",message="hostaddr must be a single IPv4 or IPv6 address"
+	HostAddr string `json:"hostaddr"`
+	// +kubebuilder:default=5432
+	// +kubebuilder:validation:Minimum=1
+	// +kubebuilder:validation:Maximum=65535
+	// +optional
+	Port int32 `json:"port,omitempty"`
+	// +kubebuilder:default=postgres
+	// +optional
+	Database PostgreSQLIdentifier `json:"database,omitempty"`
+	// +kubebuilder:default=verify-full
+	// +kubebuilder:validation:Enum=disable;require;verify-ca;verify-full
+	// +optional
+	SSLMode string `json:"sslMode,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// AdminCredentialReference 只能读取 controller namespace 的 Secret。
+type AdminCredentialReference struct {
+	Name ObjectName `json:"name"`
+	// +kubebuilder:default=username
+	// +kubebuilder:validation:MinLength=1
+	// +kubebuilder:validation:MaxLength=253
+	// +kubebuilder:validation:Pattern=`^[-._a-zA-Z0-9]+$`
+	// +optional
+	UsernameKey string `json:"usernameKey,omitempty"`
+	// +kubebuilder:default=password
+	// +kubebuilder:validation:MinLength=1
+	// +kubebuilder:validation:MaxLength=253
+	// +kubebuilder:validation:Pattern=`^[-._a-zA-Z0-9]+$`
+	// +optional
+	PasswordKey string `json:"passwordKey,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type PostgreSQLInstanceSpec struct {
+	Endpoint           PostgreSQLEndpoint       `json:"endpoint"`
+	AdminCredentialRef AdminCredentialReference `json:"adminCredentialRef"`
+}
+
+type PostgreSQLInstanceStatus struct {
+	// +optional
+	ObservedGeneration int64 `json:"observedGeneration,omitempty"`
+	// +kubebuilder:validation:Enum=Pending;Validating;Ready;Deleting
+	// +optional
+	Phase string `json:"phase,omitempty"`
+	// +optional
+	PostgreSQLVersion string `json:"postgresqlVersion,omitempty"`
+	// +listType=map
+	// +listMapKey=type
+	// +optional
+	Conditions []metav1.Condition `json:"conditions,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// +kubebuilder:object:root=true
+// +kubebuilder:subresource:status
+// +kubebuilder:resource:scope=Cluster
+// +kubebuilder:printcolumn:name="Ready",type=string,JSONPath=`.status.conditions[?(@.type=='Ready')].status`
+type PostgreSQLInstance struct {
+	metav1.TypeMeta   `json:",inline"`
+	metav1.ObjectMeta `json:"metadata,omitzero"`
+	Spec              PostgreSQLInstanceSpec `json:"spec"`
+	// +optional
+	Status PostgreSQLInstanceStatus `json:"status,omitzero"`
+}
+
+// +kubebuilder:object:root=true
+type PostgreSQLInstanceList struct {
+	metav1.TypeMeta `json:",inline"`
+	metav1.ListMeta `json:"metadata,omitzero"`
+	Items           []PostgreSQLInstance `json:"items"`
+}

api/database/v1alpha1/postgresqltenant_types.go

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+package v1alpha1
+
+import metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
+
+// DatabaseProvisionRequest 仅用于动态申请，省略名称时由 controller 按 Tenant 名称解析。
+type DatabaseProvisionRequest struct {
+	InstanceRef InstanceReference `json:"instanceRef"`
+	// +optional
+	Database PostgreSQLIdentifier `json:"database,omitempty"`
+	// +optional
+	LoginRole PostgreSQLIdentifier `json:"loginRole,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// PostgreSQLTenantSpec 显式选择动态申请或已有 Database，不重复声明来源。
+// +kubebuilder:validation:XValidation:rule="has(self.provision) != has(self.databaseRef)",message="exactly one of provision and databaseRef is required"
+type PostgreSQLTenantSpec struct {
+	// +optional
+	Provision *DatabaseProvisionRequest `json:"provision,omitempty"`
+	// +optional
+	DatabaseRef *DatabaseReference `json:"databaseRef,omitempty"`
+	// Extensions 保留后端扩展名称的原样拼写，不按 SQL identifier 限制。
+	// +listType=set
+	// +optional
+	Extensions []string `json:"extensions,omitempty"`
+	// SecretName 指定 Tenant namespace 内的投射目标，省略时使用合同约定的默认名称。
+	// +optional
+	SecretName ObjectName `json:"secretName,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type PostgreSQLTenantStatus struct {
+	// +optional
+	ObservedGeneration int64 `json:"observedGeneration,omitempty"`
+	// DatabaseRef 只有在资源侧确认绑定后才写入。
+	// +optional
+	DatabaseRef *BoundDatabaseReference `json:"databaseRef,omitempty"`
+	// +optional
+	Phase string `json:"phase,omitempty"`
+	// SecretName 是已观察到的同 namespace 投射目标，不包含凭据值。
+	// +optional
+	SecretName ObjectName `json:"secretName,omitempty"`
+	// CredentialURL 只含 OpenBao API 位置，禁止嵌入认证信息。
+	// +optional
+	CredentialURL string `json:"credentialURL,omitempty"`
+	// +listType=map
+	// +listMapKey=type
+	// +optional
+	Conditions []metav1.Condition `json:"conditions,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// +kubebuilder:object:root=true
+// +kubebuilder:subresource:status
+// +kubebuilder:resource:scope=Namespaced
+// +kubebuilder:validation:XValidation:rule="!has(oldSelf.status) || !has(oldSelf.status.phase) || !(oldSelf.status.phase in ['Binding', 'Bound', 'Deleting']) || ((has(self.spec.provision) == has(oldSelf.spec.provision)) && (!has(oldSelf.spec.provision) || self.spec.provision == oldSelf.spec.provision) && (has(self.spec.databaseRef) == has(oldSelf.spec.databaseRef)) && (!has(oldSelf.spec.databaseRef) || self.spec.databaseRef == oldSelf.spec.databaseRef))",message="binding target cannot change after binding starts"
+// +kubebuilder:validation:XValidation:rule="!has(oldSelf.status) || !has(oldSelf.status.phase) || !(oldSelf.status.phase in ['Binding', 'Bound', 'Deleting']) || (has(self.status) && has(self.status.phase) && self.status.phase in ['Binding', 'Bound', 'Deleting'])",message="binding progress cannot return to an unbound state"
+// +kubebuilder:printcolumn:name="Database",type=string,JSONPath=`.status.databaseRef.name`
+// +kubebuilder:printcolumn:name="Ready",type=string,JSONPath=`.status.conditions[?(@.type=='Ready')].status`
+type PostgreSQLTenant struct {
+	metav1.TypeMeta   `json:",inline"`
+	metav1.ObjectMeta `json:"metadata,omitzero"`
+	Spec              PostgreSQLTenantSpec `json:"spec"`
+	// +optional
+	Status PostgreSQLTenantStatus `json:"status,omitzero"`
+}
+
+// +kubebuilder:object:root=true
+type PostgreSQLTenantList struct {
+	metav1.TypeMeta `json:",inline"`
+	metav1.ListMeta `json:"metadata,omitzero"`
+	Items           []PostgreSQLTenant `json:"items"`
+}

api/database/v1alpha1/validation_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,312 @@
+package v1alpha1_test
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	databasev1alpha1 "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/api/database/v1alpha1"
+	corev1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+	apierrors "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/errors"
+	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime/serializer"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/yaml"
+	ctrlclient "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/client"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/envtest"
+)
+
+const (
+	testNamespace    = "database-api"
+	testInstanceName = "shared-postgres"
+	readyPhase       = "Ready"
+)
+
+func TestDatabaseAPI(t *testing.T) {
+	if os.Getenv("KUBEBUILDER_ASSETS") == "" {
+		t.Skip("KUBEBUILDER_ASSETS 未设置；运行 make test 执行真实 API server 测试")
+	}
+	scheme := runtime.NewScheme()
+	if err := databasev1alpha1.AddToScheme(scheme); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := corev1.AddToScheme(scheme); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	crdPath, err := filepath.Abs("../../../config/crd/bases")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	environment := &envtest.Environment{CRDDirectoryPaths: []string{crdPath}, ErrorIfCRDPathMissing: true}
+	config, err := environment.Start()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("启动 envtest: %v", err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		if err := environment.Stop(); err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("停止 envtest: %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+	client, err := ctrlclient.New(config, ctrlclient.Options{Scheme: scheme})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	namespace := &corev1.Namespace{}
+	namespace.Name = testNamespace
+	if err := client.Create(t.Context(), namespace); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	t.Run("作用域和默认值", func(t *testing.T) { testDefaults(t, client) })
+	t.Run("拒绝非法声明", func(t *testing.T) { testInvalidDeclarations(t, client) })
+	t.Run("status隔离和绑定并发", func(t *testing.T) { testBindingWrites(t, client) })
+	t.Run("仓库示例", func(t *testing.T) { testSamples(t, client, scheme) })
+}
+
+func testSamples(t *testing.T, client ctrlclient.Client, scheme *runtime.Scheme) {
+	paths := []string{
+		"database_v1alpha1_postgresqlinstance.yaml",
+		"database_v1alpha1_postgresqldatabase.yaml",
+		"database_v1alpha1_postgresqltenant.yaml",
+	}
+	for _, name := range paths {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			file, err := os.Open(filepath.Join("../../../config/samples", name))
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			t.Cleanup(func() {
+				if err := file.Close(); err != nil {
+					t.Error(err)
+				}
+			})
+			decoder := yaml.NewYAMLOrJSONDecoder(file, 4096)
+			for {
+				var raw runtime.RawExtension
+				if err := decoder.Decode(&raw); err == io.EOF {
+					break
+				} else if err != nil {
+					t.Fatal(err)
+				}
+				object, _, err := serializer.NewCodecFactory(scheme).UniversalDeserializer().Decode(raw.Raw, nil, nil)
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Fatal(err)
+				}
+				resource, ok := object.(ctrlclient.Object)
+				if !ok {
+					t.Fatalf("示例不是资源对象: %T", object)
+				}
+				if resource.GetNamespace() != "" {
+					resource.SetNamespace(testNamespace)
+				}
+				if err := client.Create(t.Context(), resource); err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("示例未通过 API 校验: %v", err)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func testDefaults(t *testing.T, client ctrlclient.Client) {
+	instance := validInstance("defaults")
+	if err := client.Create(t.Context(), instance); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	endpoint := instance.Spec.Endpoint
+	if endpoint.Port != 5432 || endpoint.Database != "postgres" || endpoint.SSLMode != "verify-full" {
+		t.Fatalf("连接默认值不符: %+v", endpoint)
+	}
+	credentials := instance.Spec.AdminCredentialRef
+	if credentials.UsernameKey != "username" || credentials.PasswordKey != "password" {
+		t.Fatal("管理 Secret 字段默认值不符")
+	}
+	database := validDatabase("defaults")
+	if err := client.Create(t.Context(), database); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if database.Spec.ReclaimPolicy != databasev1alpha1.ReclaimRetain {
+		t.Fatalf("默认回收策略 = %q", database.Spec.ReclaimPolicy)
+	}
+	// 进入删除流程前允许双向修改策略，不要求第二次审批字段。
+	for _, policy := range []databasev1alpha1.ReclaimPolicy{databasev1alpha1.ReclaimDelete, databasev1alpha1.ReclaimRetain} {
+		database.Spec.ReclaimPolicy = policy
+		if err := client.Update(t.Context(), database); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("修改回收策略: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+	objects := []struct {
+		object     ctrlclient.Object
+		namespaced bool
+	}{
+		{instance, false}, {database, false}, {validTenant("scope"), true},
+	}
+	for _, item := range objects {
+		namespaced, err := client.IsObjectNamespaced(item.object)
+		if err != nil || namespaced != item.namespaced {
+			t.Fatalf("%T 作用域 = %v, error = %v", item.object, namespaced, err)
+		}
+	}
+	// 导入不要求 Tenant 或 Instance 对象已经存在，跨对象就绪由 controller 判断。
+	imported := validDatabase("imported")
+	imported.Spec.Source = "Import"
+	imported.Spec.CredentialRef = &databasev1alpha1.CredentialReference{Mount: "secret", Path: "existing/app"}
+	if err := client.Create(t.Context(), imported); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	for _, name := range []string{"first", "second"} {
+		tenant := validTenant(name)
+		tenant.Spec.Provision = nil
+		tenant.Spec.DatabaseRef = &databasev1alpha1.DatabaseReference{Name: "imported"}
+		if err := client.Create(t.Context(), tenant); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("声明已有资源申请: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+	// 两个申请都可被 API 接受，不代表二者都已绑定或获得凭据。
+}
+
+func testInvalidDeclarations(t *testing.T, client ctrlclient.Client) {
+	instanceCases := []struct {
+		name   string
+		mutate func(*databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLInstance)
+	}{
+		{"port", func(i *databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLInstance) { i.Spec.Endpoint.Port = -1 }},
+		{"address", func(i *databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLInstance) { i.Spec.Endpoint.HostAddr = "localhost" }},
+		{"scoped-address", func(i *databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLInstance) { i.Spec.Endpoint.HostAddr = "fe80::1%eth0" }},
+		{"tls", func(i *databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLInstance) { i.Spec.Endpoint.SSLMode = "prefer" }},
+		{"identifier", func(i *databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLInstance) { i.Spec.Endpoint.Database = "bad-name" }},
+		{"secret-key", func(i *databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLInstance) { i.Spec.AdminCredentialRef.PasswordKey = "bad/key" }},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range instanceCases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			object := validInstance(tc.name)
+			tc.mutate(object)
+			requireInvalidCreate(t, client, object)
+		})
+	}
+	databaseCases := []struct {
+		name   string
+		mutate func(*databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabase)
+	}{
+		{"missing-instance", func(d *databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabase) { d.Spec.InstanceRef.Name = "" }},
+		{"missing-role", func(d *databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabase) { d.Spec.LoginRole = "" }},
+		{"unknown-source", func(d *databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabase) { d.Spec.Source = "Adopt" }},
+		{"missing-credentials", func(d *databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabase) { d.Spec.Source = "Import" }},
+		{"provision-credentials", func(d *databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabase) {
+			d.Spec.CredentialRef = &databasev1alpha1.CredentialReference{Mount: "secret", Path: "existing"}
+		}},
+		{"unknown-policy", func(d *databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabase) { d.Spec.ReclaimPolicy = "Recycle" }},
+		{"binding-without-uid", func(d *databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabase) {
+			d.Spec.TenantRef = &databasev1alpha1.TenantReference{Namespace: testNamespace, Name: "tenant"}
+		}},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range databaseCases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			object := validDatabase(tc.name)
+			tc.mutate(object)
+			requireInvalidCreate(t, client, object)
+		})
+	}
+	t.Run("互斥申请入口", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tenant := validTenant("ambiguous")
+		tenant.Spec.DatabaseRef = &databasev1alpha1.DatabaseReference{Name: "existing"}
+		requireInvalidCreate(t, client, tenant)
+		tenant.Spec.Provision = nil
+		tenant.Spec.DatabaseRef = nil
+		requireInvalidCreate(t, client, tenant)
+	})
+}
+
+// 本测试验证 API 写入语义，不模拟或宣称已经实现 controller 的恢复循环。
+func testBindingWrites(t *testing.T, client ctrlclient.Client) {
+	ctx := t.Context()
+	tenant := validTenant("binding")
+	tenant.Status.Phase = readyPhase
+	if err := client.Create(ctx, tenant); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if tenant.Status.Phase != "" {
+		t.Fatal("普通 Create 不应写入 status")
+	}
+	database := validDatabase("binding")
+	if err := client.Create(ctx, database); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	stale := database.DeepCopy()
+	database.Spec.TenantRef = &databasev1alpha1.TenantReference{
+		Namespace: tenant.Namespace, Name: databasev1alpha1.ObjectName(tenant.Name), UID: tenant.UID,
+	}
+	if err := client.Update(ctx, database); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	stale.Spec.TenantRef = &databasev1alpha1.TenantReference{Namespace: tenant.Namespace, Name: "other", UID: "other-uid"}
+	if err := client.Update(ctx, stale); !apierrors.IsConflict(err) {
+		t.Fatalf("过期并发写入 = %v, want Conflict", err)
+	}
+	// 换用 API 回读的对象补第二步，证明恢复所需记录不依赖先前内存。
+	observedDatabase := &databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabase{}
+	if err := client.Get(ctx, ctrlclient.ObjectKeyFromObject(database), observedDatabase); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if observedDatabase.Spec.TenantRef.UID != tenant.UID {
+		t.Fatal("资源侧绑定被竞争写入覆盖")
+	}
+	beforeGeneration := tenant.Generation
+	tenant.Status.DatabaseRef = &databasev1alpha1.BoundDatabaseReference{
+		Name: databasev1alpha1.ObjectName(database.Name), UID: database.UID,
+	}
+	if err := client.Status().Update(ctx, tenant); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if tenant.Generation != beforeGeneration || tenant.Status.DatabaseRef.UID != database.UID {
+		t.Fatal("status 更新错误地影响 generation 或绑定身份")
+	}
+	tenant.Status.Phase = readyPhase
+	if err := client.Update(ctx, tenant); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if tenant.Status.Phase != "" {
+		t.Fatal("普通 Update 不应修改 status")
+	}
+	condition := metav1.Condition{Type: readyPhase, Status: metav1.ConditionFalse,
+		Reason: "Pending", Message: "尚未验证后端", LastTransitionTime: metav1.Now()}
+	tenant.Status.Conditions = []metav1.Condition{condition, condition}
+	if err := client.Status().Update(ctx, tenant); !apierrors.IsInvalid(err) {
+		t.Fatalf("重复 Condition = %v, want Invalid", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func requireInvalidCreate(t *testing.T, client ctrlclient.Client, object ctrlclient.Object) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if err := client.Create(context.Background(), object); !apierrors.IsInvalid(err) {
+		t.Fatalf("Create %T = %v, want Invalid", object, err)
+	}
+}
+
+func validInstance(name string) *databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLInstance {
+	object := &databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLInstance{}
+	object.Name = name
+	object.Spec.Endpoint = databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLEndpoint{Host: "postgres.example.test", HostAddr: "127.0.0.1"}
+	object.Spec.AdminCredentialRef.Name = "postgres-admin"
+	return object
+}
+
+func validDatabase(name string) *databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabase {
+	object := &databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabase{}
+	object.Name = name
+	object.Spec = databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabaseSpec{
+		InstanceRef: databasev1alpha1.InstanceReference{Name: testInstanceName},
+		Database:    "app", LoginRole: "app", Source: "Provision",
+	}
+	return object
+}
+
+func validTenant(name string) *databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLTenant {
+	object := &databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLTenant{}
+	object.Name = name
+	object.Namespace = testNamespace
+	object.Spec.Provision = &databasev1alpha1.DatabaseProvisionRequest{
+		InstanceRef: databasev1alpha1.InstanceReference{Name: testInstanceName},
+	}
+	return object
+}

api/database/v1alpha1/zz_generated.deepcopy.go

@@ -0,0 +1,452 @@
+//go:build !ignore_autogenerated
+
+// Code generated by controller-gen. DO NOT EDIT.
+
+package v1alpha1
+
+import (
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
+)
+
+// DeepCopyInto is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, writing into out. in must be non-nil.
+func (in *AdminCredentialReference) DeepCopyInto(out *AdminCredentialReference) {
+	*out = *in
+}
+
+// DeepCopy is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, creating a new AdminCredentialReference.
+func (in *AdminCredentialReference) DeepCopy() *AdminCredentialReference {
+	if in == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := new(AdminCredentialReference)
+	in.DeepCopyInto(out)
+	return out
+}
+
+// DeepCopyInto is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, writing into out. in must be non-nil.
+func (in *BoundDatabaseReference) DeepCopyInto(out *BoundDatabaseReference) {
+	*out = *in
+}
+
+// DeepCopy is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, creating a new BoundDatabaseReference.
+func (in *BoundDatabaseReference) DeepCopy() *BoundDatabaseReference {
+	if in == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := new(BoundDatabaseReference)
+	in.DeepCopyInto(out)
+	return out
+}
+
+// DeepCopyInto is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, writing into out. in must be non-nil.
+func (in *CredentialReference) DeepCopyInto(out *CredentialReference) {
+	*out = *in
+}
+
+// DeepCopy is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, creating a new CredentialReference.
+func (in *CredentialReference) DeepCopy() *CredentialReference {
+	if in == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := new(CredentialReference)
+	in.DeepCopyInto(out)
+	return out
+}
+
+// DeepCopyInto is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, writing into out. in must be non-nil.
+func (in *DatabaseProvisionRequest) DeepCopyInto(out *DatabaseProvisionRequest) {
+	*out = *in
+	out.InstanceRef = in.InstanceRef
+}
+
+// DeepCopy is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, creating a new DatabaseProvisionRequest.
+func (in *DatabaseProvisionRequest) DeepCopy() *DatabaseProvisionRequest {
+	if in == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := new(DatabaseProvisionRequest)
+	in.DeepCopyInto(out)
+	return out
+}
+
+// DeepCopyInto is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, writing into out. in must be non-nil.
+func (in *DatabaseReference) DeepCopyInto(out *DatabaseReference) {
+	*out = *in
+}
+
+// DeepCopy is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, creating a new DatabaseReference.
+func (in *DatabaseReference) DeepCopy() *DatabaseReference {
+	if in == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := new(DatabaseReference)
+	in.DeepCopyInto(out)
+	return out
+}
+
+// DeepCopyInto is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, writing into out. in must be non-nil.
+func (in *InstanceReference) DeepCopyInto(out *InstanceReference) {
+	*out = *in
+}
+
+// DeepCopy is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, creating a new InstanceReference.
+func (in *InstanceReference) DeepCopy() *InstanceReference {
+	if in == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := new(InstanceReference)
+	in.DeepCopyInto(out)
+	return out
+}
+
+// DeepCopyInto is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, writing into out. in must be non-nil.
+func (in *PostgreSQLDatabase) DeepCopyInto(out *PostgreSQLDatabase) {
+	*out = *in
+	out.TypeMeta = in.TypeMeta
+	in.ObjectMeta.DeepCopyInto(&out.ObjectMeta)
+	in.Spec.DeepCopyInto(&out.Spec)
+	in.Status.DeepCopyInto(&out.Status)
+}
+
+// DeepCopy is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, creating a new PostgreSQLDatabase.
+func (in *PostgreSQLDatabase) DeepCopy() *PostgreSQLDatabase {
+	if in == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := new(PostgreSQLDatabase)
+	in.DeepCopyInto(out)
+	return out
+}
+
+// DeepCopyObject is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, creating a new runtime.Object.
+func (in *PostgreSQLDatabase) DeepCopyObject() runtime.Object {
+	if c := in.DeepCopy(); c != nil {
+		return c
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// DeepCopyInto is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, writing into out. in must be non-nil.
+func (in *PostgreSQLDatabaseList) DeepCopyInto(out *PostgreSQLDatabaseList) {
+	*out = *in
+	out.TypeMeta = in.TypeMeta
+	in.ListMeta.DeepCopyInto(&out.ListMeta)
+	if in.Items != nil {
+		in, out := &in.Items, &out.Items
+		*out = make([]PostgreSQLDatabase, len(*in))
+		for i := range *in {
+			(*in)[i].DeepCopyInto(&(*out)[i])
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// DeepCopy is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, creating a new PostgreSQLDatabaseList.
+func (in *PostgreSQLDatabaseList) DeepCopy() *PostgreSQLDatabaseList {
+	if in == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := new(PostgreSQLDatabaseList)
+	in.DeepCopyInto(out)
+	return out
+}
+
+// DeepCopyObject is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, creating a new runtime.Object.
+func (in *PostgreSQLDatabaseList) DeepCopyObject() runtime.Object {
+	if c := in.DeepCopy(); c != nil {
+		return c
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// DeepCopyInto is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, writing into out. in must be non-nil.
+func (in *PostgreSQLDatabaseSpec) DeepCopyInto(out *PostgreSQLDatabaseSpec) {
+	*out = *in
+	out.InstanceRef = in.InstanceRef
+	if in.CredentialRef != nil {
+		in, out := &in.CredentialRef, &out.CredentialRef
+		*out = new(CredentialReference)
+		**out = **in
+	}
+	if in.TenantRef != nil {
+		in, out := &in.TenantRef, &out.TenantRef
+		*out = new(TenantReference)
+		**out = **in
+	}
+}
+
+// DeepCopy is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, creating a new PostgreSQLDatabaseSpec.
+func (in *PostgreSQLDatabaseSpec) DeepCopy() *PostgreSQLDatabaseSpec {
+	if in == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := new(PostgreSQLDatabaseSpec)
+	in.DeepCopyInto(out)
+	return out
+}
+
+// DeepCopyInto is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, writing into out. in must be non-nil.
+func (in *PostgreSQLDatabaseStatus) DeepCopyInto(out *PostgreSQLDatabaseStatus) {
+	*out = *in
+	if in.Conditions != nil {
+		in, out := &in.Conditions, &out.Conditions
+		*out = make([]v1.Condition, len(*in))
+		for i := range *in {
+			(*in)[i].DeepCopyInto(&(*out)[i])
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// DeepCopy is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, creating a new PostgreSQLDatabaseStatus.
+func (in *PostgreSQLDatabaseStatus) DeepCopy() *PostgreSQLDatabaseStatus {
+	if in == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := new(PostgreSQLDatabaseStatus)
+	in.DeepCopyInto(out)
+	return out
+}
+
+// DeepCopyInto is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, writing into out. in must be non-nil.
+func (in *PostgreSQLEndpoint) DeepCopyInto(out *PostgreSQLEndpoint) {
+	*out = *in
+}
+
+// DeepCopy is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, creating a new PostgreSQLEndpoint.
+func (in *PostgreSQLEndpoint) DeepCopy() *PostgreSQLEndpoint {
+	if in == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := new(PostgreSQLEndpoint)
+	in.DeepCopyInto(out)
+	return out
+}
+
+// DeepCopyInto is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, writing into out. in must be non-nil.
+func (in *PostgreSQLInstance) DeepCopyInto(out *PostgreSQLInstance) {
+	*out = *in
+	out.TypeMeta = in.TypeMeta
+	in.ObjectMeta.DeepCopyInto(&out.ObjectMeta)
+	out.Spec = in.Spec
+	in.Status.DeepCopyInto(&out.Status)
+}
+
+// DeepCopy is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, creating a new PostgreSQLInstance.
+func (in *PostgreSQLInstance) DeepCopy() *PostgreSQLInstance {
+	if in == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := new(PostgreSQLInstance)
+	in.DeepCopyInto(out)
+	return out
+}
+
+// DeepCopyObject is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, creating a new runtime.Object.
+func (in *PostgreSQLInstance) DeepCopyObject() runtime.Object {
+	if c := in.DeepCopy(); c != nil {
+		return c
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// DeepCopyInto is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, writing into out. in must be non-nil.
+func (in *PostgreSQLInstanceList) DeepCopyInto(out *PostgreSQLInstanceList) {
+	*out = *in
+	out.TypeMeta = in.TypeMeta
+	in.ListMeta.DeepCopyInto(&out.ListMeta)
+	if in.Items != nil {
+		in, out := &in.Items, &out.Items
+		*out = make([]PostgreSQLInstance, len(*in))
+		for i := range *in {
+			(*in)[i].DeepCopyInto(&(*out)[i])
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// DeepCopy is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, creating a new PostgreSQLInstanceList.
+func (in *PostgreSQLInstanceList) DeepCopy() *PostgreSQLInstanceList {
+	if in == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := new(PostgreSQLInstanceList)
+	in.DeepCopyInto(out)
+	return out
+}
+
+// DeepCopyObject is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, creating a new runtime.Object.
+func (in *PostgreSQLInstanceList) DeepCopyObject() runtime.Object {
+	if c := in.DeepCopy(); c != nil {
+		return c
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// DeepCopyInto is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, writing into out. in must be non-nil.
+func (in *PostgreSQLInstanceSpec) DeepCopyInto(out *PostgreSQLInstanceSpec) {
+	*out = *in
+	out.Endpoint = in.Endpoint
+	out.AdminCredentialRef = in.AdminCredentialRef
+}
+
+// DeepCopy is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, creating a new PostgreSQLInstanceSpec.
+func (in *PostgreSQLInstanceSpec) DeepCopy() *PostgreSQLInstanceSpec {
+	if in == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := new(PostgreSQLInstanceSpec)
+	in.DeepCopyInto(out)
+	return out
+}
+
+// DeepCopyInto is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, writing into out. in must be non-nil.
+func (in *PostgreSQLInstanceStatus) DeepCopyInto(out *PostgreSQLInstanceStatus) {
+	*out = *in
+	if in.Conditions != nil {
+		in, out := &in.Conditions, &out.Conditions
+		*out = make([]v1.Condition, len(*in))
+		for i := range *in {
+			(*in)[i].DeepCopyInto(&(*out)[i])
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// DeepCopy is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, creating a new PostgreSQLInstanceStatus.
+func (in *PostgreSQLInstanceStatus) DeepCopy() *PostgreSQLInstanceStatus {
+	if in == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := new(PostgreSQLInstanceStatus)
+	in.DeepCopyInto(out)
+	return out
+}
+
+// DeepCopyInto is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, writing into out. in must be non-nil.
+func (in *PostgreSQLTenant) DeepCopyInto(out *PostgreSQLTenant) {
+	*out = *in
+	out.TypeMeta = in.TypeMeta
+	in.ObjectMeta.DeepCopyInto(&out.ObjectMeta)
+	in.Spec.DeepCopyInto(&out.Spec)
+	in.Status.DeepCopyInto(&out.Status)
+}
+
+// DeepCopy is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, creating a new PostgreSQLTenant.
+func (in *PostgreSQLTenant) DeepCopy() *PostgreSQLTenant {
+	if in == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := new(PostgreSQLTenant)
+	in.DeepCopyInto(out)
+	return out
+}
+
+// DeepCopyObject is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, creating a new runtime.Object.
+func (in *PostgreSQLTenant) DeepCopyObject() runtime.Object {
+	if c := in.DeepCopy(); c != nil {
+		return c
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// DeepCopyInto is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, writing into out. in must be non-nil.
+func (in *PostgreSQLTenantList) DeepCopyInto(out *PostgreSQLTenantList) {
+	*out = *in
+	out.TypeMeta = in.TypeMeta
+	in.ListMeta.DeepCopyInto(&out.ListMeta)
+	if in.Items != nil {
+		in, out := &in.Items, &out.Items
+		*out = make([]PostgreSQLTenant, len(*in))
+		for i := range *in {
+			(*in)[i].DeepCopyInto(&(*out)[i])
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// DeepCopy is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, creating a new PostgreSQLTenantList.
+func (in *PostgreSQLTenantList) DeepCopy() *PostgreSQLTenantList {
+	if in == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := new(PostgreSQLTenantList)
+	in.DeepCopyInto(out)
+	return out
+}
+
+// DeepCopyObject is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, creating a new runtime.Object.
+func (in *PostgreSQLTenantList) DeepCopyObject() runtime.Object {
+	if c := in.DeepCopy(); c != nil {
+		return c
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// DeepCopyInto is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, writing into out. in must be non-nil.
+func (in *PostgreSQLTenantSpec) DeepCopyInto(out *PostgreSQLTenantSpec) {
+	*out = *in
+	if in.Provision != nil {
+		in, out := &in.Provision, &out.Provision
+		*out = new(DatabaseProvisionRequest)
+		**out = **in
+	}
+	if in.DatabaseRef != nil {
+		in, out := &in.DatabaseRef, &out.DatabaseRef
+		*out = new(DatabaseReference)
+		**out = **in
+	}
+	if in.Extensions != nil {
+		in, out := &in.Extensions, &out.Extensions
+		*out = make([]string, len(*in))
+		copy(*out, *in)
+	}
+}
+
+// DeepCopy is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, creating a new PostgreSQLTenantSpec.
+func (in *PostgreSQLTenantSpec) DeepCopy() *PostgreSQLTenantSpec {
+	if in == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := new(PostgreSQLTenantSpec)
+	in.DeepCopyInto(out)
+	return out
+}
+
+// DeepCopyInto is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, writing into out. in must be non-nil.
+func (in *PostgreSQLTenantStatus) DeepCopyInto(out *PostgreSQLTenantStatus) {
+	*out = *in
+	if in.DatabaseRef != nil {
+		in, out := &in.DatabaseRef, &out.DatabaseRef
+		*out = new(BoundDatabaseReference)
+		**out = **in
+	}
+	if in.Conditions != nil {
+		in, out := &in.Conditions, &out.Conditions
+		*out = make([]v1.Condition, len(*in))
+		for i := range *in {
+			(*in)[i].DeepCopyInto(&(*out)[i])
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// DeepCopy is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, creating a new PostgreSQLTenantStatus.
+func (in *PostgreSQLTenantStatus) DeepCopy() *PostgreSQLTenantStatus {
+	if in == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := new(PostgreSQLTenantStatus)
+	in.DeepCopyInto(out)
+	return out
+}
+
+// DeepCopyInto is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, writing into out. in must be non-nil.
+func (in *TenantReference) DeepCopyInto(out *TenantReference) {
+	*out = *in
+}
+
+// DeepCopy is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, creating a new TenantReference.
+func (in *TenantReference) DeepCopy() *TenantReference {
+	if in == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := new(TenantReference)
+	in.DeepCopyInto(out)
+	return out
+}

cmd/database.go

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/adapter/kubernetes"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/adapter/postgresql"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/application"
+	databasecontroller "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/controller"
+	ctrl "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime"
+)
+
+func setupInstanceObservation(manager ctrl.Manager, namespace, rootCert string) (*application.InstanceService, error) {
+	credentials, err := kubernetes.NewSecretCredentials(manager.GetConfig(), namespace)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	service, err := application.NewInstanceService(credentials, postgresql.Connector{RootCert: rootCert})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	reconciler := &databasecontroller.InstanceReconciler{Observer: service, SecretNamespace: namespace}
+	if err := reconciler.SetupWithManager(manager); err != nil {
+		service.Close()
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return service, nil
+}

cmd/main.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package main
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"crypto/tls"
 	"flag"
 	"os"
@@ -19,7 +20,10 @@ import (
 	metricsserver "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/metrics/server"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/webhook"
 
+	databasev1alpha1 "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/api/database/v1alpha1"
 	executionv1alpha1 "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/api/execution/v1alpha1"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/application"
+	databasecontroller "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/controller"
 	// +kubebuilder:scaffold:imports
 )
 
@@ -32,11 +36,16 @@ func init() {
 	utilruntime.Must(clientgoscheme.AddToScheme(scheme))
 
 	utilruntime.Must(executionv1alpha1.AddToScheme(scheme))
+	utilruntime.Must(databasev1alpha1.AddToScheme(scheme))
 	// +kubebuilder:scaffold:scheme
 }
 
 // nolint:gocyclo
 func main() {
+	var databaseNamespace, databaseRootCert string
+	flag.StringVar(&databaseNamespace, "database-secret-namespace", os.Getenv("POD_NAMESPACE"),
+		"固定管理 Secret namespace；为空时不启用 Instance 观测")
+	flag.StringVar(&databaseRootCert, "database-root-cert", "", "PostgreSQL 管理连接信任的公开 CA bundle 路径")
 	var metricsAddr string
 	var metricsCertPath, metricsCertName, metricsCertKey string
 	var webhookCertPath, webhookCertName, webhookCertKey string
@@ -141,7 +150,7 @@ func main() {
 		metricsServerOptions.KeyName = metricsCertKey
 	}
 
-	mgr, err := ctrl.NewManager(ctrl.GetConfigOrDie(), ctrl.Options{
+	managerOptions := ctrl.Options{
 		Scheme:                 scheme,
 		Metrics:                metricsServerOptions,
 		WebhookServer:          webhookServer,
@@ -159,13 +168,29 @@ func main() {
 		// if you are doing or is intended to do any operation such as perform cleanups
 		// after the manager stops then its usage might be unsafe.
 		// LeaderElectionReleaseOnCancel: true,
-	})
+	}
+	if databaseNamespace != "" {
+		managerOptions.Cache = databasecontroller.InstanceCacheOptions(databaseNamespace)
+	}
+	mgr, err := ctrl.NewManager(ctrl.GetConfigOrDie(), managerOptions)
 	if err != nil {
 		setupLog.Error(err, "Failed to start manager")
 		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 
 	// +kubebuilder:scaffold:builder
+	var instanceService *application.InstanceService
+	if databaseNamespace != "" {
+		instanceService, err = setupInstanceObservation(mgr, databaseNamespace, databaseRootCert)
+		if err != nil {
+			setupLog.Error(err, "Failed to set up Instance observation")
+			os.Exit(1)
+		}
+	}
+	if err := (&databasecontroller.BindingReconciler{}).SetupWithManager(context.Background(), mgr); err != nil {
+		setupLog.Error(err, "Failed to set up Database binding controller")
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
 
 	if err := mgr.AddHealthzCheck("healthz", healthz.Ping); err != nil {
 		setupLog.Error(err, "Failed to set up health check")
@@ -177,7 +202,12 @@ func main() {
 	}
 
 	setupLog.Info("Starting manager")
-	if err := mgr.Start(ctrl.SetupSignalHandler()); err != nil {
+	err = mgr.Start(ctrl.SetupSignalHandler())
+	// worker 完全停止后才释放 pgxpool，避免与在途观察竞争。
+	if instanceService != nil {
+		instanceService.Close()
+	}
+	if err != nil {
 		setupLog.Error(err, "Failed to run manager")
 		os.Exit(1)
 	}

config/crd/bases/database.ayatori.ddupan.top_postgresqldatabases.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+---
+apiVersion: apiextensions.k8s.io/v1
+kind: CustomResourceDefinition
+metadata:
+  annotations:
+    controller-gen.kubebuilder.io/version: v0.22.0
+  name: postgresqldatabases.database.ayatori.ddupan.top
+spec:
+  group: database.ayatori.ddupan.top
+  names:
+    kind: PostgreSQLDatabase
+    listKind: PostgreSQLDatabaseList
+    plural: postgresqldatabases
+    singular: postgresqldatabase
+  scope: Cluster
+  versions:
+  - additionalPrinterColumns:
+    - jsonPath: .spec.instanceRef.name
+      name: Instance
+      type: string
+    - jsonPath: .spec.database
+      name: Database
+      type: string
+    - jsonPath: .status.conditions[?(@.type=='Ready')].status
+      name: Ready
+      type: string
+    name: v1alpha1
+    schema:
+      openAPIV3Schema:
+        properties:
+          apiVersion:
+            description: |-
+              APIVersion defines the versioned schema of this representation of an object.
+              Servers should convert recognized schemas to the latest internal value, and
+              may reject unrecognized values.
+              More info: https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#resources
+            type: string
+          kind:
+            description: |-
+              Kind is a string value representing the REST resource this object represents.
+              Servers may infer this from the endpoint the client submits requests to.
+              Cannot be updated.
+              In CamelCase.
+              More info: https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#types-kinds
+            type: string
+          metadata:
+            type: object
+          spec:
+            description: PostgreSQLDatabaseSpec 是一库、一个 login owner 及凭据的独立资源声明。
+            properties:
+              credentialRef:
+                description: |-
+                  CredentialReference 定位已有 OpenBao KV v2 凭据，不包含任何秘密值。
+                  只由资源管理员在导入时填写；controller 必须检查部署允许的 mount/path 范围。
+                properties:
+                  mount:
+                    maxLength: 253
+                    minLength: 1
+                    type: string
+                  path:
+                    description: Path 是 mount 内的逻辑路径，不含 KV v2 的 data/ API 前缀。
+                    maxLength: 1024
+                    minLength: 1
+                    type: string
+                required:
+                - mount
+                - path
+                type: object
+              database:
+                description: PostgreSQLIdentifier 是第一版受管 database 与 login role 使用的名称。
+                maxLength: 63
+                pattern: ^[a-z][a-z0-9_]{0,62}$
+                type: string
+              instanceRef:
+                description: InstanceReference 仅引用同 API group 的集群级 PostgreSQLInstance。
+                properties:
+                  name:
+                    description: ObjectName 定位集群级资源，不携带 namespace 或隐式跨 API group 引用。
+                    maxLength: 253
+                    minLength: 1
+                    pattern: ^[a-z0-9]([-a-z0-9.]*[a-z0-9])?$
+                    type: string
+                required:
+                - name
+                type: object
+              loginRole:
+                description: PostgreSQLIdentifier 是第一版受管 database 与 login role 使用的名称。
+                maxLength: 63
+                pattern: ^[a-z][a-z0-9_]{0,62}$
+                type: string
+              reclaimPolicy:
+                default: Retain
+                description: ReclaimPolicy 控制资源释放后的处置，只有资源管理者可以修改。
+                enum:
+                - Retain
+                - Delete
+                type: string
+              source:
+                description: Source 明确区分创建与只读导入，不从后端同名对象推断。
+                enum:
+                - Provision
+                - Import
+                type: string
+              tenantRef:
+                description: TenantRef 由 controller 先写入；Released 时仍保留旧身份。
+                properties:
+                  name:
+                    description: ObjectName 定位集群级资源，不携带 namespace 或隐式跨 API group 引用。
+                    maxLength: 253
+                    minLength: 1
+                    pattern: ^[a-z0-9]([-a-z0-9.]*[a-z0-9])?$
+                    type: string
+                  namespace:
+                    maxLength: 63
+                    minLength: 1
+                    pattern: ^[a-z0-9]([-a-z0-9]*[a-z0-9])?$
+                    type: string
+                  uid:
+                    description: |-
+                      UID is a type that holds unique ID values, including UUIDs.  Because we
+                      don't ONLY use UUIDs, this is an alias to string.  Being a type captures
+                      intent and helps make sure that UIDs and names do not get conflated.
+                    maxLength: 128
+                    minLength: 1
+                    type: string
+                required:
+                - name
+                - namespace
+                - uid
+                type: object
+            required:
+            - database
+            - instanceRef
+            - loginRole
+            - source
+            type: object
+            x-kubernetes-validations:
+            - message: only imported databases require an existing credentialRef
+              rule: (self.source == 'Import') == has(self.credentialRef)
+          status:
+            properties:
+              conditions:
+                items:
+                  description: Condition contains details for one aspect of the current
+                    state of this API Resource.
+                  properties:
+                    lastTransitionTime:
+                      description: |-
+                        lastTransitionTime is the last time the condition transitioned from one status to another.
+                        This should be when the underlying condition changed.  If that is not known, then using the time when the API field changed is acceptable.
+                      format: date-time
+                      type: string
+                    message:
+                      description: |-
+                        message is a human readable message indicating details about the transition.
+                        This may be an empty string.
+                      maxLength: 32768
+                      type: string
+                    observedGeneration:
+                      description: |-
+                        observedGeneration represents the .metadata.generation that the condition was set based upon.
+                        For instance, if .metadata.generation is currently 12, but the .status.conditions[x].observedGeneration is 9, the condition is out of date
+                        with respect to the current state of the instance.
+                      format: int64
+                      minimum: 0
+                      type: integer
+                    reason:
+                      description: |-
+                        reason contains a programmatic identifier indicating the reason for the condition's last transition.
+                        Producers of specific condition types may define expected values and meanings for this field,
+                        and whether the values are considered a guaranteed API.
+                        The value should be a CamelCase string.
+                        This field may not be empty.
+                      maxLength: 1024
+                      minLength: 1
+                      pattern: ^[A-Za-z]([A-Za-z0-9_,:]*[A-Za-z0-9_])?$
+                      type: string
+                    status:
+                      description: status of the condition, one of True, False, Unknown.
+                      enum:
+                      - "True"
+                      - "False"
+                      - Unknown
+                      type: string
+                    type:
+                      description: type of condition in CamelCase or in foo.example.com/CamelCase.
+                      maxLength: 316
+                      pattern: ^([a-z0-9]([-a-z0-9]*[a-z0-9])?(\.[a-z0-9]([-a-z0-9]*[a-z0-9])?)*/)?(([A-Za-z0-9][-A-Za-z0-9_.]*)?[A-Za-z0-9])$
+                      type: string
+                  required:
+                  - lastTransitionTime
+                  - message
+                  - reason
+                  - status
+                  - type
+                  type: object
+                type: array
+                x-kubernetes-list-map-keys:
+                - type
+                x-kubernetes-list-type: map
+              instanceUID:
+                description: InstanceUID 记录观察时的实例身份，不把同名新实例视为原目标。
+                type: string
+              observedGeneration:
+                format: int64
+                type: integer
+              phase:
+                description: Phase 暂不冻结供应子阶段枚举；它不是操作授权或绑定的替代记录。
+                type: string
+            type: object
+        required:
+        - spec
+        type: object
+        x-kubernetes-validations:
+        - message: managed database target cannot change after observation or binding
+            starts
+          rule: '!(has(oldSelf.spec.tenantRef) || (has(oldSelf.status) && has(oldSelf.status.instanceUID)))
+            || (self.spec.instanceRef == oldSelf.spec.instanceRef && self.spec.database
+            == oldSelf.spec.database && self.spec.loginRole == oldSelf.spec.loginRole
+            && self.spec.source == oldSelf.spec.source && has(self.spec.credentialRef)
+            == has(oldSelf.spec.credentialRef) && (!has(oldSelf.spec.credentialRef)
+            || self.spec.credentialRef == oldSelf.spec.credentialRef))'
+    served: true
+    storage: true
+    subresources:
+      status: {}

config/crd/bases/database.ayatori.ddupan.top_postgresqlinstances.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+---
+apiVersion: apiextensions.k8s.io/v1
+kind: CustomResourceDefinition
+metadata:
+  annotations:
+    controller-gen.kubebuilder.io/version: v0.22.0
+  name: postgresqlinstances.database.ayatori.ddupan.top
+spec:
+  group: database.ayatori.ddupan.top
+  names:
+    kind: PostgreSQLInstance
+    listKind: PostgreSQLInstanceList
+    plural: postgresqlinstances
+    singular: postgresqlinstance
+  scope: Cluster
+  versions:
+  - additionalPrinterColumns:
+    - jsonPath: .status.conditions[?(@.type=='Ready')].status
+      name: Ready
+      type: string
+    name: v1alpha1
+    schema:
+      openAPIV3Schema:
+        properties:
+          apiVersion:
+            description: |-
+              APIVersion defines the versioned schema of this representation of an object.
+              Servers should convert recognized schemas to the latest internal value, and
+              may reject unrecognized values.
+              More info: https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#resources
+            type: string
+          kind:
+            description: |-
+              Kind is a string value representing the REST resource this object represents.
+              Servers may infer this from the endpoint the client submits requests to.
+              Cannot be updated.
+              In CamelCase.
+              More info: https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#types-kinds
+            type: string
+          metadata:
+            type: object
+          spec:
+            properties:
+              adminCredentialRef:
+                description: AdminCredentialReference 只能读取 controller namespace 的
+                  Secret。
+                properties:
+                  name:
+                    description: ObjectName 定位集群级资源，不携带 namespace 或隐式跨 API group 引用。
+                    maxLength: 253
+                    minLength: 1
+                    pattern: ^[a-z0-9]([-a-z0-9.]*[a-z0-9])?$
+                    type: string
+                  passwordKey:
+                    default: password
+                    maxLength: 253
+                    minLength: 1
+                    pattern: ^[-._a-zA-Z0-9]+$
+                    type: string
+                  usernameKey:
+                    default: username
+                    maxLength: 253
+                    minLength: 1
+                    pattern: ^[-._a-zA-Z0-9]+$
+                    type: string
+                required:
+                - name
+                type: object
+              endpoint:
+                description: PostgreSQLEndpoint 显式区分证书主机名与实际连接 IP，不进行 DNS 推导。
+                properties:
+                  database:
+                    default: postgres
+                    description: PostgreSQLIdentifier 是第一版受管 database 与 login role
+                      使用的名称。
+                    maxLength: 63
+                    pattern: ^[a-z][a-z0-9_]{0,62}$
+                    type: string
+                  host:
+                    maxLength: 253
+                    minLength: 1
+                    type: string
+                  hostaddr:
+                    maxLength: 45
+                    type: string
+                    x-kubernetes-validations:
+                    - message: hostaddr must be a single IPv4 or IPv6 address
+                      rule: isIP(self)
+                  port:
+                    default: 5432
+                    format: int32
+                    maximum: 65535
+                    minimum: 1
+                    type: integer
+                  sslMode:
+                    default: verify-full
+                    enum:
+                    - disable
+                    - require
+                    - verify-ca
+                    - verify-full
+                    type: string
+                required:
+                - host
+                - hostaddr
+                type: object
+            required:
+            - adminCredentialRef
+            - endpoint
+            type: object
+          status:
+            properties:
+              conditions:
+                items:
+                  description: Condition contains details for one aspect of the current
+                    state of this API Resource.
+                  properties:
+                    lastTransitionTime:
+                      description: |-
+                        lastTransitionTime is the last time the condition transitioned from one status to another.
+                        This should be when the underlying condition changed.  If that is not known, then using the time when the API field changed is acceptable.
+                      format: date-time
+                      type: string
+                    message:
+                      description: |-
+                        message is a human readable message indicating details about the transition.
+                        This may be an empty string.
+                      maxLength: 32768
+                      type: string
+                    observedGeneration:
+                      description: |-
+                        observedGeneration represents the .metadata.generation that the condition was set based upon.
+                        For instance, if .metadata.generation is currently 12, but the .status.conditions[x].observedGeneration is 9, the condition is out of date
+                        with respect to the current state of the instance.
+                      format: int64
+                      minimum: 0
+                      type: integer
+                    reason:
+                      description: |-
+                        reason contains a programmatic identifier indicating the reason for the condition's last transition.
+                        Producers of specific condition types may define expected values and meanings for this field,
+                        and whether the values are considered a guaranteed API.
+                        The value should be a CamelCase string.
+                        This field may not be empty.
+                      maxLength: 1024
+                      minLength: 1
+                      pattern: ^[A-Za-z]([A-Za-z0-9_,:]*[A-Za-z0-9_])?$
+                      type: string
+                    status:
+                      description: status of the condition, one of True, False, Unknown.
+                      enum:
+                      - "True"
+                      - "False"
+                      - Unknown
+                      type: string
+                    type:
+                      description: type of condition in CamelCase or in foo.example.com/CamelCase.
+                      maxLength: 316
+                      pattern: ^([a-z0-9]([-a-z0-9]*[a-z0-9])?(\.[a-z0-9]([-a-z0-9]*[a-z0-9])?)*/)?(([A-Za-z0-9][-A-Za-z0-9_.]*)?[A-Za-z0-9])$
+                      type: string
+                  required:
+                  - lastTransitionTime
+                  - message
+                  - reason
+                  - status
+                  - type
+                  type: object
+                type: array
+                x-kubernetes-list-map-keys:
+                - type
+                x-kubernetes-list-type: map
+              observedGeneration:
+                format: int64
+                type: integer
+              phase:
+                enum:
+                - Pending
+                - Validating
+                - Ready
+                - Deleting
+                type: string
+              postgresqlVersion:
+                type: string
+            type: object
+        required:
+        - spec
+        type: object
+    served: true
+    storage: true
+    subresources:
+      status: {}

config/crd/bases/database.ayatori.ddupan.top_postgresqltenants.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+---
+apiVersion: apiextensions.k8s.io/v1
+kind: CustomResourceDefinition
+metadata:
+  annotations:
+    controller-gen.kubebuilder.io/version: v0.22.0
+  name: postgresqltenants.database.ayatori.ddupan.top
+spec:
+  group: database.ayatori.ddupan.top
+  names:
+    kind: PostgreSQLTenant
+    listKind: PostgreSQLTenantList
+    plural: postgresqltenants
+    singular: postgresqltenant
+  scope: Namespaced
+  versions:
+  - additionalPrinterColumns:
+    - jsonPath: .status.databaseRef.name
+      name: Database
+      type: string
+    - jsonPath: .status.conditions[?(@.type=='Ready')].status
+      name: Ready
+      type: string
+    name: v1alpha1
+    schema:
+      openAPIV3Schema:
+        properties:
+          apiVersion:
+            description: |-
+              APIVersion defines the versioned schema of this representation of an object.
+              Servers should convert recognized schemas to the latest internal value, and
+              may reject unrecognized values.
+              More info: https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#resources
+            type: string
+          kind:
+            description: |-
+              Kind is a string value representing the REST resource this object represents.
+              Servers may infer this from the endpoint the client submits requests to.
+              Cannot be updated.
+              In CamelCase.
+              More info: https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#types-kinds
+            type: string
+          metadata:
+            type: object
+          spec:
+            description: PostgreSQLTenantSpec 显式选择动态申请或已有 Database，不重复声明来源。
+            properties:
+              databaseRef:
+                description: DatabaseReference 是 Tenant 对已有集群级 PostgreSQLDatabase
+                  的选择。
+                properties:
+                  name:
+                    description: ObjectName 定位集群级资源，不携带 namespace 或隐式跨 API group 引用。
+                    maxLength: 253
+                    minLength: 1
+                    pattern: ^[a-z0-9]([-a-z0-9.]*[a-z0-9])?$
+                    type: string
+                required:
+                - name
+                type: object
+              extensions:
+                description: Extensions 保留后端扩展名称的原样拼写，不按 SQL identifier 限制。
+                items:
+                  type: string
+                type: array
+                x-kubernetes-list-type: set
+              provision:
+                description: DatabaseProvisionRequest 仅用于动态申请，省略名称时由 controller 按
+                  Tenant 名称解析。
+                properties:
+                  database:
+                    description: PostgreSQLIdentifier 是第一版受管 database 与 login role
+                      使用的名称。
+                    maxLength: 63
+                    pattern: ^[a-z][a-z0-9_]{0,62}$
+                    type: string
+                  instanceRef:
+                    description: InstanceReference 仅引用同 API group 的集群级 PostgreSQLInstance。
+                    properties:
+                      name:
+                        description: ObjectName 定位集群级资源，不携带 namespace 或隐式跨 API group
+                          引用。
+                        maxLength: 253
+                        minLength: 1
+                        pattern: ^[a-z0-9]([-a-z0-9.]*[a-z0-9])?$
+                        type: string
+                    required:
+                    - name
+                    type: object
+                  loginRole:
+                    description: PostgreSQLIdentifier 是第一版受管 database 与 login role
+                      使用的名称。
+                    maxLength: 63
+                    pattern: ^[a-z][a-z0-9_]{0,62}$
+                    type: string
+                required:
+                - instanceRef
+                type: object
+              secretName:
+                description: SecretName 指定 Tenant namespace 内的投射目标，省略时使用合同约定的默认名称。
+                maxLength: 253
+                minLength: 1
+                pattern: ^[a-z0-9]([-a-z0-9.]*[a-z0-9])?$
+                type: string
+            type: object
+            x-kubernetes-validations:
+            - message: exactly one of provision and databaseRef is required
+              rule: has(self.provision) != has(self.databaseRef)
+          status:
+            properties:
+              conditions:
+                items:
+                  description: Condition contains details for one aspect of the current
+                    state of this API Resource.
+                  properties:
+                    lastTransitionTime:
+                      description: |-
+                        lastTransitionTime is the last time the condition transitioned from one status to another.
+                        This should be when the underlying condition changed.  If that is not known, then using the time when the API field changed is acceptable.
+                      format: date-time
+                      type: string
+                    message:
+                      description: |-
+                        message is a human readable message indicating details about the transition.
+                        This may be an empty string.
+                      maxLength: 32768
+                      type: string
+                    observedGeneration:
+                      description: |-
+                        observedGeneration represents the .metadata.generation that the condition was set based upon.
+                        For instance, if .metadata.generation is currently 12, but the .status.conditions[x].observedGeneration is 9, the condition is out of date
+                        with respect to the current state of the instance.
+                      format: int64
+                      minimum: 0
+                      type: integer
+                    reason:
+                      description: |-
+                        reason contains a programmatic identifier indicating the reason for the condition's last transition.
+                        Producers of specific condition types may define expected values and meanings for this field,
+                        and whether the values are considered a guaranteed API.
+                        The value should be a CamelCase string.
+                        This field may not be empty.
+                      maxLength: 1024
+                      minLength: 1
+                      pattern: ^[A-Za-z]([A-Za-z0-9_,:]*[A-Za-z0-9_])?$
+                      type: string
+                    status:
+                      description: status of the condition, one of True, False, Unknown.
+                      enum:
+                      - "True"
+                      - "False"
+                      - Unknown
+                      type: string
+                    type:
+                      description: type of condition in CamelCase or in foo.example.com/CamelCase.
+                      maxLength: 316
+                      pattern: ^([a-z0-9]([-a-z0-9]*[a-z0-9])?(\.[a-z0-9]([-a-z0-9]*[a-z0-9])?)*/)?(([A-Za-z0-9][-A-Za-z0-9_.]*)?[A-Za-z0-9])$
+                      type: string
+                  required:
+                  - lastTransitionTime
+                  - message
+                  - reason
+                  - status
+                  - type
+                  type: object
+                type: array
+                x-kubernetes-list-map-keys:
+                - type
+                x-kubernetes-list-type: map
+              credentialURL:
+                description: CredentialURL 只含 OpenBao API 位置，禁止嵌入认证信息。
+                type: string
+              databaseRef:
+                description: DatabaseRef 只有在资源侧确认绑定后才写入。
+                properties:
+                  name:
+                    description: ObjectName 定位集群级资源，不携带 namespace 或隐式跨 API group 引用。
+                    maxLength: 253
+                    minLength: 1
+                    pattern: ^[a-z0-9]([-a-z0-9.]*[a-z0-9])?$
+                    type: string
+                  uid:
+                    description: |-
+                      UID is a type that holds unique ID values, including UUIDs.  Because we
+                      don't ONLY use UUIDs, this is an alias to string.  Being a type captures
+                      intent and helps make sure that UIDs and names do not get conflated.
+                    maxLength: 128
+                    minLength: 1
+                    type: string
+                required:
+                - name
+                - uid
+                type: object
+              observedGeneration:
+                format: int64
+                type: integer
+              phase:
+                type: string
+              secretName:
+                description: SecretName 是已观察到的同 namespace 投射目标，不包含凭据值。
+                maxLength: 253
+                minLength: 1
+                pattern: ^[a-z0-9]([-a-z0-9.]*[a-z0-9])?$
+                type: string
+            type: object
+        required:
+        - spec
+        type: object
+        x-kubernetes-validations:
+        - message: binding target cannot change after binding starts
+          rule: '!has(oldSelf.status) || !has(oldSelf.status.phase) || !(oldSelf.status.phase
+            in [''Binding'', ''Bound'', ''Deleting'']) || ((has(self.spec.provision)
+            == has(oldSelf.spec.provision)) && (!has(oldSelf.spec.provision) || self.spec.provision
+            == oldSelf.spec.provision) && (has(self.spec.databaseRef) == has(oldSelf.spec.databaseRef))
+            && (!has(oldSelf.spec.databaseRef) || self.spec.databaseRef == oldSelf.spec.databaseRef))'
+        - message: binding progress cannot return to an unbound state
+          rule: '!has(oldSelf.status) || !has(oldSelf.status.phase) || !(oldSelf.status.phase
+            in [''Binding'', ''Bound'', ''Deleting'']) || (has(self.status) && has(self.status.phase)
+            && self.status.phase in [''Binding'', ''Bound'', ''Deleting''])'
+    served: true
+    storage: true
+    subresources:
+      status: {}

config/crd/kustomization.yaml

@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@
 # since it depends on service name and namespace that are out of this kustomize package.
 # It should be run by config/default
 resources:
+- bases/database.ayatori.ddupan.top_postgresqlinstances.yaml
+- bases/database.ayatori.ddupan.top_postgresqldatabases.yaml
+- bases/database.ayatori.ddupan.top_postgresqltenants.yaml
 - bases/execution.ayatori.ddupan.top_jobs.yaml
 - bases/execution.ayatori.ddupan.top_jobclasses.yaml
 - bases/execution.ayatori.ddupan.top_kubernetesexecutionparameters.yaml

config/manager/manager.yaml

@@ -65,6 +65,11 @@ spec:
           - --health-probe-bind-address=:8081
         image: controller:latest
         name: manager
+        env:
+        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
+          valueFrom:
+            fieldRef:
+              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
         ports:
         - containerPort: 8081
           name: health

config/rbac/database_credentials_role.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
+kind: Role
+metadata:
+  name: database-management-credentials
+  namespace: system
+rules:
+- apiGroups: [""]
+  resources: [secrets]
+  verbs: [get, list, watch]
+---
+apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
+kind: RoleBinding
+metadata:
+  name: database-management-credentials
+  namespace: system
+roleRef:
+  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
+  kind: Role
+  name: database-management-credentials
+subjects:
+- kind: ServiceAccount
+  name: controller-manager
+  namespace: system

config/rbac/kustomization.yaml

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ resources:
 - service_account.yaml
 - role.yaml
 - role_binding.yaml
+- database_credentials_role.yaml
 - leader_election_role.yaml
 - leader_election_role_binding.yaml
 # The following RBAC configurations are used to protect

config/rbac/role.yaml

@@ -1,11 +1,46 @@
+---
 apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
 kind: ClusterRole
 metadata:
-  labels:
-    app.kubernetes.io/name: ayatori
-    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: kustomize
   name: manager-role
 rules:
-- apiGroups: [""]
+- apiGroups:
-  resources: ["pods"]
+  - database.ayatori.ddupan.top
-  verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
+  resources:
+  - postgresqldatabases
+  verbs:
+  - create
+  - get
+  - list
+  - patch
+  - update
+  - watch
+- apiGroups:
+  - database.ayatori.ddupan.top
+  resources:
+  - postgresqldatabases/finalizers
+  - postgresqlinstances/finalizers
+  - postgresqltenants/finalizers
+  verbs:
+  - update
+- apiGroups:
+  - database.ayatori.ddupan.top
+  resources:
+  - postgresqldatabases/status
+  - postgresqlinstances/status
+  - postgresqltenants/status
+  verbs:
+  - get
+  - patch
+  - update
+- apiGroups:
+  - database.ayatori.ddupan.top
+  resources:
+  - postgresqlinstances
+  - postgresqltenants
+  verbs:
+  - get
+  - list
+  - patch
+  - update
+  - watch

config/samples/database_v1alpha1_postgresqldatabase.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# 管理员登记已有数据库；不会因创建 CR 就修改数据库或凭据。
+apiVersion: database.ayatori.ddupan.top/v1alpha1
+kind: PostgreSQLDatabase
+metadata:
+  name: imported-app
+spec:
+  instanceRef:
+    name: shared-postgres
+  database: existing_app
+  loginRole: existing_app
+  source: Import
+  credentialRef:
+    mount: secret
+    path: existing/app/postgresql
+  reclaimPolicy: Retain

config/samples/database_v1alpha1_postgresqlinstance.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Instance 观察 controller 尚未接入；管理 Secret 由管理员在 controller namespace 提供。
+apiVersion: database.ayatori.ddupan.top/v1alpha1
+kind: PostgreSQLInstance
+metadata:
+  name: shared-postgres
+spec:
+  endpoint:
+    host: postgres.example.test
+    hostaddr: 192.0.2.10
+  adminCredentialRef:
+    name: shared-postgres-admin

config/samples/database_v1alpha1_postgresqltenant.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# 二选一：动态申请或显式引用已有 Database；当前只有绑定协调，没有供应/交付 controller。
+apiVersion: database.ayatori.ddupan.top/v1alpha1
+kind: PostgreSQLTenant
+metadata:
+  name: new-app
+  namespace: default
+spec:
+  provision:
+    instanceRef:
+      name: shared-postgres
+    database: new_app
+    loginRole: new_app
+  extensions:
+    - pgcrypto
+  secretName: new-app-postgresql
+---
+apiVersion: database.ayatori.ddupan.top/v1alpha1
+kind: PostgreSQLTenant
+metadata:
+  name: existing-app
+  namespace: default
+spec:
+  databaseRef:
+    name: imported-app
+  secretName: existing-app-postgresql

config/samples/kustomization.yaml

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 ## Append samples of your project ##
 resources:
+- database_v1alpha1_postgresqlinstance.yaml
+- database_v1alpha1_postgresqldatabase.yaml
+- database_v1alpha1_postgresqltenant.yaml
 - execution_v1alpha1_job.yaml
 - execution_v1alpha1_jobclass.yaml
 - execution_v1alpha1_kubernetesexecutionparameters.yaml

docs/concepts/environments.md

@@ -1,5 +1,18 @@
 # 环境与发布
 
+## CI 验证入口
+
+Verify 工作流在 PR 上执行全量测试、lint 和 Database 集成测试；合并到 main 后不通过 push
+事件重复运行。需要排障或验证直接推送的紧急修复时，可通过 workflow_dispatch 手动运行。
+此约定不减少检查项目，也不修改分支保护设置；常规变更必须经过 PR，直接推送 main 不会自动验证。
+
+Gitea 的 PR 工作流验证分支 head，而不是合并预览提交，见
+[官方事件说明](https://docs.gitea.com/usage/actions/faq/)。合并前必须确认最新 head 检查通过，
+且与当前 main 合并不会引入未经验证的内容组合；基线有实质变化时先更新分支并重验。
+只改变基线引用且目标文件树不变时，不需要为了合并提交的 SHA 不同重复全量验证。
+
+## 环境与制品晋级
+
 Ayatori 首先建立 Dev。首个产品能力完成开发并达到可发布状态前，Prod 不实际存在；此时
 没有生产制品需要承载，提前维护第二套环境没有收益。
 

docs/database/README.md

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # Database 模块
 
-Database 是 Ayatori 首批实际产品领域之一。当前已包含 Instance 领域基础、管理凭据连接与
+Database 是 Ayatori 首批实际产品领域之一。当前已包含三资源 API、分层绑定与 Instance 原生
-metadata 观察切片，尚未完成 Database API/controller 和 Tenant 供应链路。
+管理能力观测；尚未完成 Database 供应/导入、Tenant 凭据交付与资源回收链路。
 
 ## 当前设计（2026-09-24）
 
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Retain 后人工重新绑定与资源侧 Delete。撤销 PostgreSQL ownership re
 依据 [ADR-0009](../decisions/0009-database-resource-and-claim.md)，当前合同见
 [系统规格](specification.md)。下面的迁移来源与已存在代码不反向约束新设计。
 registry adapter、专属迁移/测试及 Instance 的 registry 判定现已撤除；Instance 根据完整管理
-能力观察直接判定 Ready。新增 Database 资源、绑定、导入、角色/凭据管理边界与回收链路尚未实现。wiki 同步位置见
+能力观察直接判定 Ready。Database 资源与绑定已接入，导入、角色/凭据供应及回收仍未完成。wiki 同步位置见
 `homelab-wiki/services/postgresql-tenant-operator.md`，跨仓库发布状态由 wiki 的同步记录维护。
 
 ## 来源基线
@@ -59,10 +59,10 @@ Secret metadata 和无关字段变化不重建连接。观测后再次读取 Sec
 不把旧连接的成功作为新凭据有效的证据；这不构成跨 Kubernetes/PostgreSQL 的原子事务。
 Instance UID、endpoint 或凭据引用变化也会释放旧连接；Forget/Close 只释放本地资源。
 
-当前通过 `ObserveMetadata` 读取服务器版本和可用扩展，`ObserveVersion` 只是其版本读取便捷入口，
+`ObserveMetadata` 读取服务器版本和可用扩展，`ObserveVersion` 是版本读取便捷入口；两者
-不能产生完整 CapabilityObservation 或 Ready。
+不会填充管理检查，不能产生 Ready。`ObserveManagement` 使用同一凭据/连接边界读取完整
-controller 接入、Secret watch、finalizer 与真实权限检查仍待后续切片；并发 CR 更新
+原生管理检查，返回绑定当前 target 的 `InstanceObservation`。controller 的资源呈现适配器
-必须由调用者通过 resourceVersion 校验。应用层沿用源实现的串行处理，本阶段未引入新的调度框架。
+使用 resourceVersion 拒绝过期写入。应用层沿用串行处理，不引入新的调度框架。
 
 运行 `make test-database-integration` 验证真实 API server + 一次性 PostgreSQL；fixture 不接受外部
 DSN，镜像固定摘要，使用随机本机回环端口并在退出时删除测试容器。覆盖缺失/错误凭据、RBAC、
@@ -83,14 +83,13 @@ SQL adapter 通过一条只读语句读取 `pg_catalog.current_setting('server_v
 
 `InstanceService` 保留原有 CredentialReader → Connector → Database 边界，复用同一个
 凭据读取、连接刷新和串行释放流程，不新增连接池封装或任意查询回调。每次重新查询 metadata，
-并在 Secret 有效值回读一致后生成不可变的 `MetadataObservation`，绑定本次 target（含当前
+并在 Secret 有效值回读一致后生成不可变的 `InstanceObservation`，绑定本次 target（含当前
 generation），不绑定建池时的旧 target。结果不包含凭据，扩展集合不与 driver 的可变 slice 共享。
 凭据中途变化、读取失败或查询失败时，返回零值观察并释放连接，不复用旧的扩展列表。
 
 调用方可将 `Target()` 与 `Extensions()` 交给 Instance 的 `ObserveExtensions`；应用调用链
 仍负责同轮次使用，不能持久化或跨轮缓存这份证据。metadata 读取不安装扩展、不初始化 registry、
-不设置 Ready，也不授予 Tenant 写权限。管理权限矩阵及 controller 的
+不设置 Ready，也不授予 Tenant 写权限。管理权限检查使用下面的独立入口。
-checkpoint/status/finalizer 链路仍是后续切片。
 
 真实 API server + PostgreSQL 测试验证未安装扩展可被观察、名称保持大小写、search_path 遮蔽
 不改变查询来源、低权限账号读取、权限撤回失败与恢复、Secret 中途变化丢弃扩展结果。
@@ -106,7 +105,51 @@ Instance 不再具有 InitializingRegistry 阶段、RegistryState、准备决策
 
 保留凭据读取与连接刷新、TLS、metadata/扩展观察及其真实后端测试。领域测试覆盖每项能力
 在初次验证和 Ready 重验时失败、依赖恢复、重启后重新取证、错误目标/阶段及删除保护。
-这不等于管理权限探测矩阵或三资源 controller 已实现。
+这不等于三资源供应、交付和回收已实现。
+
+## Instance 原生管理观测
+
+2026-09-25 维护者确认先使用原生非 superuser 方案，不引入 SECURITY DEFINER 接口。
+`InspectManagement` 通过同一条只读语句读取当前执行角色的 `CREATEROLE`、`CREATEDB`、
+superuser 属性、服务器可写状态、版本和扩展列表。不创建探针数据库/角色，不初始化 schema。
+只有非 superuser、具备两项原生属性且当前服务器/会话可写时，基础管理能力才通过。
+角色属性不可从继承成员关系推导；具体已有资源仍须检查 owner、membership 与授权范围。
+
+权限依据和真实测试对应：
+
+- role：当前角色具有 CREATEROLE，可创建普通登录角色；
+- database：当前角色具有 CREATEDB，且会话非只读、服务器不在 recovery；
+- grant：使用自己新建角色的管理权限，显式建立 SET membership，再以 owner 管理数据库 ACL；
+- extension：新建数据库 owner 可安装 trusted 扩展；可用列表不是安装授权，非 trusted 或
+  其他前提不满足的扩展仍可能失败，必须逐请求执行和回读。导入不继承此动态供应授权。
+
+参考 PostgreSQL 官方 [CREATE ROLE](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/18/sql-createrole.html)、
+[CREATE DATABASE](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/18/sql-createdatabase.html) 与
+[CREATE EXTENSION](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/18/sql-createextension.html)。这些检查是基础
+能力观察，不是未来操作必然成功的保证；权限、容量、连接数等仍可能在执行时变化。
+
+`InstanceReconciliation` 协调 finalizer、观察、领域判定和删除引用检查，controller 只连接
+事件、用例、状态呈现与重试。每轮重建无证据的领域对象；旧 Ready 不授权新一轮操作。
+失败清除当前版本结果并撤销 Ready；CR 在观察期间被修改则拒绝旧结果，下一轮重新读取。
+连接/权限变化由 Secret watch 和 30 秒重查驱动，单轮 IO 最长 15 秒；不持续写入相同状态。
+
+manager 通过 `--database-secret-namespace`（默认 `POD_NAMESPACE`）启用 Instance 观测；
+为空时不启用。本地运行需显式提供该参数。Deployment 使用 downward API 获取自身 namespace；
+Secret 的 get/list/watch 权限由该 namespace 的 Role 单独授予，不放入 ClusterRole。
+watch 使用 controller-runtime 的 metadata-only cache，读取有效凭据仍直连 API server。
+TLS 使用既有 endpoint 合同，公开 CA bundle 可由 `--database-root-cert` 指定；不会自动挂载
+生产证书或创建管理 Secret。manager worker 停止后统一关闭 pgxpool。
+
+Instance 删除首先释放本地连接并撤销 Ready。任何引用它的 Database（含 Released、删除中）
+或动态 Tenant 申请都会阻止 finalizer 解除；列表查询失败也等待。仅在引用全部解除后移除
+`database.ayatori.ddupan.top/instance-protection`，不删除 PostgreSQL、账号或凭据。
+引用查询与删除不是跨对象事务；后续供应仍必须拒绝已删除/删除中的 Instance。
+
+验收使用真实 PostgreSQL + API server：原生管理账号实际建库、owner 授权、trusted 扩展
+安装/回读，拒绝非 trusted 扩展；权限撤回/恢复、只读会话、superuser 拒绝和中途轮换。
+实际 manager 在生成的资源 RBAC 和 namespaced Secret Role 下验证缺失 Secret 后出现、
+轮换、删除、跨 namespace 拒绝和 watch。API 测试另覆盖写入版本冲突、幂等、新 reconciler
+恢复与引用删除保护。完整 DBaaS 仍需供应/导入、OpenBao/ESO、Retain/Delete 集成验收。
 
 ## 设计入口
 

docs/database/api-reference.md

@@ -2,17 +2,72 @@
 
 | 项目 | 内容 |
 | --- | --- |
-| 状态 | 三资源模型已批准；新增字段与绑定协议待评审 |
+| 状态 | API schema 与绑定 controller 已实现；供应、交付与删除清理未接入 |
 | API group/version | `database.ayatori.ddupan.top/v1alpha1` |
-| 最后更新 | 2026-09-24 |
+| 最后更新 | 2026-09-25 |
 
 以 [系统规格](specification.md) 与
-[ADR-0009](../decisions/0009-database-resource-and-claim.md) 为准。尚未实现新 API，
+[ADR-0009](../decisions/0009-database-resource-and-claim.md) 为准。类型与生成的 CRD 已纳入源码，
-本页不提供可直接 apply 的三资源 YAML，以免把工作名称和未决字段当作已发布合同。
+尚未发布为可用 DBaaS。示例可进入绑定协调，但不代表创建对象后会供应数据库或交付凭据。
+
+## 当前 API 切片
+
+Go 类型位于 `api/database/v1alpha1`，CRD 随 `config/crd` 发布；manager 已注册 Scheme 和
+`internal/database/controller` 的绑定 controller。以下字段是本切片的具体实现：
+
+| 资源 | 字段 | 含义 |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| Database | `spec.instanceRef.name` | 所属集群级 Instance |
+| Database | `spec.database`、`spec.loginRole` | 实际数据库与唯一登录 owner，必填 |
+| Database | `spec.source` | 必填 `Provision` 或 `Import`，不隐式认领 |
+| Database | `spec.credentialRef.mount/path` | Import 必填的已有 KV v2 凭据位置；Provision 禁止指定 |
+| Database | `spec.reclaimPolicy` | Retain 默认或 Delete |
+| Database | `spec.tenantRef.namespace/name/uid` | controller 写入的完整绑定身份，不是允许名单 |
+| Database | `status.instanceUID` | 观察时的 Instance 身份 |
+| Tenant | `spec.provision.instanceRef.name` | 动态申请来源，与 `spec.databaseRef` 互斥且必须二选一 |
+| Tenant | `spec.provision.database/loginRole` | 可省略，语义默认值由 controller 解析，不由 CRD 推导 |
+| Tenant | `spec.databaseRef.name` | 显式申请已有 Database，不额外指定 Instance |
+| Tenant | `spec.extensions`、`spec.secretName` | 扩展集合与同 namespace 的交付目标 |
+| Tenant | `status.databaseRef.name/uid` | 资源侧绑定成功后写入 |
+| Tenant | `status.secretName`、`status.credentialURL` | 交付观察，不包含密码或认证信息 |
+
+三资源均有 status subresource、observedGeneration 和按 type 唯一的 Conditions。
+Instance phase 沿用已批准枚举；Database/Tenant phase 暂不冻结供应子阶段枚举。
+`credentialRef.path` 是 mount 内逻辑路径，不包含 KV v2 的 `data/` 前缀。
+其部署允许范围、实际凭据读取和 URL 安全构造仍由后续 adapter/controller 验证。
+
+示例：[Instance](../../config/samples/database_v1alpha1_postgresqlinstance.yaml)、
+[导入 Database](../../config/samples/database_v1alpha1_postgresqldatabase.yaml)、
+[动态/已有资源申请](../../config/samples/database_v1alpha1_postgresqltenant.yaml)。
+
+当前 schema 验证名称、端口、IP、TLS 枚举、申请互斥、导入凭据要求和绑定 UID 完整性。
+API 接受两个 Tenant 引用同一 Database 不表示允许双重绑定；排他绑定由 controller 协调。
+绑定 controller 解析动态 database/loginRole 的 Tenant 名称默认值；动态资源 CR 名称为
+`tenant-<Tenant UID>`，首次创建即包含资源侧绑定与 finalizer，不带 Tenant ownerReference。
+已有资源必须有当前版本 Ready 观察、匹配的 Instance UID，并处于未绑定的 Available 状态。
+同一 Tenant 的资源侧记录已写入时，允许回读后补齐申请侧，不重新争抢资源。
+
+Tenant 进入 `status.phase=Binding` 后由 CEL 固定申请目标；Database 有实例身份观察或
+绑定后固定实际 database、loginRole、来源和凭据引用，回收策略仍可修改。
+读取绑定判断使用 APIReader，写入依靠 resourceVersion；watch/cache 负责触发协调。
+绑定顺序由 application service 协调，纯资格规则在领域层；Kubernetes adapter 负责快照
+映射、finalizer 和状态呈现。呈现前若资源版本已变化，返回冲突供下一轮重读，不覆盖其他修改。
+双向记录完成后 Tenant 为 Bound，Ready=False/BindingComplete，明确尚未供应或交付。
+生成的 manager ClusterRole 授予资源读写，不包含 Secret 读取；Instance 观测的管理 Secret
+权限由固定 namespace 的独立 Role 授予。Instance controller 已接入原生管理观察与引用删除
+保护，启用方式及 Ready 边界见 [模块说明](README.md#instance-原生管理观测)。
+
+当前有 Tenant/Database finalizer 保护，但**删除清理尚未实现**：Tenant 删除报告
+Ready=False/DeletionPending 并保留绑定与 finalizer，Database 的保护也不会被自动移除。
+还未实现删除流程开始后的回收策略固定、Retain 释放、Released 重新开放、外部清理、
+扩展只追加、Secret 默认名称解析与凭据交付。在后续清理协议和真实后端验收完成前，
+不能作为可用 DBaaS 部署，也不能通过强行移除 finalizer 把它视为已完成清理。
 
 ## 通用约定
 
-- Instance 是 cluster-scoped；Tenant 是 namespaced；Database scope 待字段评审。
+- Instance 与 Database 是 cluster-scoped；Tenant 是 namespaced。
+- Tenant 按名称引用 Database，不提供 Database namespace；Database 绑定记录包含
+  Tenant namespace/name/UID。字段见当前 API 切片；绑定采用下述资源侧先写顺序。
 - 每类资源提供唯一的 Ready Condition、observedGeneration；phase 用于进度展示，
   不能单独作为写权限或所有权证明。
 - 引用必须区分定位名称与已绑定 UID；同名新对象不继承绑定。
@@ -57,21 +112,30 @@ Tenant 引用。无引用才解除，不级联删除资源；查询失败不能
 
 ## Database 资源（工作 Kind：PostgreSQLDatabase）
 
-以下是字段职责，不是已批准的 JSON schema：
+v1alpha1 以一个 database、一个兼任 owner 的 login role 及其应用凭据作为 Database 的
+生命周期边界；不提供多账号字段或独立 Role/Credential CRD。多账号需求留待后续 API 版本。
+此决定不改变导入只读验证和显式管理授权的要求。
+
+Database 是平台管理的集群级资源，不归属于应用 namespace，也不需要资源专用 namespace。
+普通申请者通过 Tenant 申请使用，不能自行修改 Database 回收策略或将 Released 资源重新开放；
+这些资源管理操作由平台管理员授权。controller 的绑定协调权限与用户申请权限分别配置。
+
+以下是行为合同，具体 schema 见当前 API 切片与生成的 CRD；后端行为尚未实现：
 
 | 内容 | 合同 |
 | --- | --- |
 | `instanceRef` | Database 自身必填；定位来源并记录绑定的 Instance UID，不依赖 Tenant 补齐 |
 | 外部目标 | 实际 database 名称及已确认的管理范围；操作开始后不可隐式改目标 |
 | 来源 | 区分动态供应与管理员显式导入；不能从同名存在推断导入授权 |
-| 申请预留/绑定 | 至多一个 Tenant，含 namespace/name/UID；Released 保留旧身份 |
+| 绑定 | 至多一个 Tenant，含 namespace/name/UID；Released 保留旧身份；无允许绑定名单 |
 | 回收策略 | 资源侧 Retain（默认）或显式 Delete；普通 Tenant editor 不得扩大授权 |
 | 观察与进度 | 实际目标、当前阶段、条件和安全诊断，不保存秘密 |
 
 概念生命周期包含供应/验证、可绑定、已绑定、Released 和删除；最终 phase 枚举待协议评审。
 Released 不自动变成可绑定。Database 不以 Tenant 为 GC owner；使用中的资源受删除保护。
 
-导入的初始检查只读；存在不等于 Ready，也不等于有权交付给任意 Tenant。
+导入的初始检查只读；存在不等于 Ready。未绑定且可用的资源允许 Tenant 显式申请，
+不要求管理员逐 Tenant 授权；已占用或 Released 的资源不能直接绑定。
 默认保留不隐含密码、owner、授权或删除的变更许可。
 
 ## PostgreSQLTenant
@@ -90,16 +154,34 @@ Released 不自动变成可绑定。Database 不以 Tenant 为 GC owner；使用
 仅按 Tenant namespace/name 派生凭据路径的规则不再是实现合同。已有代码没有兼容负担，
 不保留两套相互覆盖的策略字段。
 
-## 绑定协议评审要求
+## 已确认的绑定顺序
+
+1. 动态申请按 Tenant UID 确定 Database 名称并创建记录；已有资源申请使用指定的 Database，
+   检查资源未绑定且可用，不增加反向授权名单。动态创建重试遇到同名记录时需核对身份与目标。
+2. 使用 resourceVersion 并发控制，先在 Database 记录 Tenant namespace/name/UID。
+   已绑定其他 Tenant 时报告 Conflict，不抢占；版本冲突后重新读取、重新判断。
+3. 在 Tenant status 记录 Database name/UID。若上一步成功、本步失败，后续 reconcile
+   核对身份后补齐，不回滚已经成功的资源侧绑定。
+4. 双向记录一致才允许动态供应或凭据交付；实际数据库与凭据验证通过后才可 Ready。
+
+此顺序借鉴 PV/PVC 的资源侧先写模式，行为依据见
+[系统规格](specification.md#5-动态供应与排他绑定)。Retain 释放时保留旧绑定身份并进入
+Released，不自动清空后重新分配。API 记录部分写入由 reconcile 重试；外部创建结果
+无法确认时仍报告 Conflict，交给人工，不新增事务队列或 registry。
+
+## 绑定协议剩余评审要求
 
 实现前必须明确：
 
-1. 资源 scope 与 typed reference 格式，管理员预留/导入与普通申请者的 RBAC 边界。
+1. 引用字段的最终格式，以及落实管理员资源管理、controller 协调与普通申请权限的 RBAC 规则。
-2. 资源侧排他记录的写入点、双向绑定顺序、API 冲突重试与单边完成恢复。
+2. 绑定记录的最终字段及校验规则，落实上述写入顺序与恢复行为。
 3. Tenant UID 变化、对象删除、Released 旧引用与管理员重新授权的判断。
 4. 同一物理数据库重复登记的冲突处理；列表查询不是原子认领。
-5. Database 的 role/凭据管理范围、稳定凭据定位、旧访问处置与投射清理顺序。
+5. 已有凭据关联字段、旧访问处置与投射清理顺序；动态凭据路径已确定按 Database UID 定位。
-6. 删除开始后的策略固定点和 Tenant/Database finalizer 配合。
+6. Tenant/Database finalizer 配合；回收策略默认 Retain，删除流程前可改，进入后固定。
+
+资源管理者设置 Delete 即表示删除授权，不增加额外审批字段。导入显式关联已有凭据；
+Released 不自动改密，管理员处理旧访问后才重新开放。Tenant 不得自选任意 OpenBao 路径。
 
 该协议使用 Kubernetes API 持久化，不为它新增 PostgreSQL registry。
 未完成一致绑定不得供应或交付；外部创建结果不确定按 Conflict 人工处理。

docs/database/development.md

@@ -18,7 +18,20 @@
 需故障注入外部成功而 API 写入失败、后端响应丢失、双 Tenant 竞争、同名新 UID、依赖稍后出现、
 Instance 删除与 Released 引用。冲突必须给出可操作而不泄密的诊断；不要求自动认领不确定结果。
 envtest 不运行 GC 或 ESO；这些行为必须由测试集群验证。
-新增资源 API 尚未实现，本轮没有完成或运行这些新增行为测试。
+三资源 API 类型与 CRD 已实现，`make test` 包含真实 API server 验证：作用域、
+静态默认值、非法声明、status 写入隔离、Condition 唯一性、resourceVersion 冲突与绑定记录回读。
+另有绑定 controller 的真实 API server 测试：动态记录幂等、资源侧写入后故障注入、
+新 reconciler 回读补齐、双 Tenant 竞争、Released/旧 UID 拒绝、目标固定、陈旧观察、
+删除期间 finalizer 保留。实际 manager 在生成的 RBAC 角色下通过 watch/cache 处理依赖
+稍后出现，绑定角色不具备 Secret 读取权限。没有 PostgreSQL/OpenBao 写入；后端 Ready
+在测试中由 fixture 提供，不能把它当成完整 Instance/Database 观察验证。
+
+Retain 释放和 Delete 清理仍未实现，当前删除会保持 DeletionPending 与 finalizer。
+真实后端供应、凭据交付与上述完整删除矩阵仍待后续切片验收。
+
+绑定规则另有不依赖 Kubernetes 的单元测试；service 测试只验证操作顺序、失败停止与最终
+身份回读，不模拟 API server。原真实 API controller 测试覆盖完整分层调用，另验证 service
+返回后发生并发修改时，资源呈现拒绝过期结果，重试完成绑定且保留其他字段。
 
 ## Ayatori 已接入的凭据与 metadata 切片测试
 
@@ -53,7 +66,8 @@ metadata 测试验证版本与可用扩展的只读查询，包括未安装扩
 Instance 领域测试不再提供 registry 状态，初次验证与 Ready 重验分别覆盖所有管理检查项的
 未观察、不可用、认证失败、权限不足及未知值，并验证依赖恢复；完整管理观察可直接 Ready。
 
-这些测试尚不包含 Instance CRD/controller、Secret watch、status/finalizer 事件链、权限探测矩阵、ESO 或 Tenant 供应。版本查询成功不意味着 Instance Ready。
+PostgreSQL adapter 测试不包含 controller、Secret watch、status/finalizer 事件链、权限探测矩阵、ESO 或 Tenant 供应。
+CRD 基础语义由前述 API 测试覆盖；版本查询成功不意味着 Instance Ready。
 
 本项目同时依赖 Kubernetes API、PostgreSQL、OpenBao 和 ESO。日常开发不连接 homelab
 中的真实服务：Kubernetes 使用 envtest 或一次性 Kind，另外两个依赖使用一次性

docs/database/domain-instance.md

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 # Instance 领域对象规格
 
-日期：2026-09-24。资源模型修订依据
+日期：2026-09-25。资源模型修订依据
 [ADR-0009](../decisions/0009-database-resource-and-claim.md)，行为以
-[系统规格](specification.md) 为准。本页替代原 registry 准备与恢复合同；领域依赖已撤除，完整应用/controller 链路尚未接入。
+[系统规格](specification.md) 为准。本页替代原 registry 准备与恢复合同；领域依赖已撤除，Instance 应用/controller 观测链路已接入。
 
 ## 职责
 
@@ -85,4 +85,6 @@ finalizer 不阻止并发申请 CR 创建；新请求见 Instance 删除中/不
 
 Instance 领域代码、adapter 与测试的 registry 依赖已撤除。AssessManagement 根据完整观察
 直接完成验证；AssessReadiness 失败进入 Validating，依赖恢复后重新验证。领域测试覆盖各检查项
-在这两个入口的失败与恢复，但完整权限探测、Instance controller 和三资源生命周期尚未完成。
+在这两个入口的失败与恢复。原生权限检查、Instance controller、metadata-only Secret watch
+和引用删除保护已接入，验证矩阵见 [模块说明](README.md#instance-原生管理观测)；
+Database/Tenant 的供应、交付和回收仍未完成。

docs/database/domain-model.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Database 领域模型
 
-状态：资源模型已确认，字段与绑定协议待细化。日期：2026-09-24。
+状态：资源模型已确认，字段与绑定协议待细化。日期：2026-09-25。
 行为以 [系统规格](specification.md) 为准；决策依据见
 [ADR-0009](../decisions/0009-database-resource-and-claim.md)。
 
@@ -19,6 +19,10 @@
 Instance 一对多 Database；每个 Database 同时零或一个 Tenant，Tenant 最多一个 Database。
 Instance 不持有全部资源的内存集合。三者以引用关联，操作一个资源无需加载整个实例集合。
 
+Instance 与 Database 是集群级资源，Tenant 位于 namespace。Tenant 按名称引用 Database，
+Database 记录所绑定 Tenant 的 namespace/name/UID。Database 不属于应用 namespace；
+平台管理员管理资源及回收策略，普通申请者不能自行将 Released 资源重新开放。
+
 Database 的 instanceRef 表达资源归属，手工登记时也必须提供，不从 Tenant 反推。
 Tenant 动态申请才选择 Instance；引用已有 Database 时使用资源声明的 Instance。
 释放使用绑定不改变 Database 的实例归属，修改引用不能实现外部数据库迁移。
@@ -35,19 +39,26 @@ registry。管理凭据来源和连接刷新由应用层协调，连接池由 pg
 Database 保护目标和管理范围、排他绑定、导入验证与 Retain/Delete 规则。资源首次外部操作前
 必须已有持久记录；完成记录与外部存在性分别检查。数据库名称不是归属证明。
 
-Tenant 表达申请与交付要求；显式选择已有资源不自动授权使用。绑定后检查数据库满足要求、
+Tenant 表达申请与交付要求；可显式申请未绑定且可用的资源，不增加反向授权名单。
+绑定后检查数据库满足要求、
 应用凭据可登录且 ESO 投射完成，才可 Ready。Tenant 删除意味着释放使用关系。
 
-LoginRole 与 CredentialLocation 的生命周期必须随独立资源保留，不能因为 Tenant 消失就
+第一版 Database 的生命周期边界包含一个 database、一个兼任 owner 的 LoginRole 及其
-失去定位或未经授权被删除；具体字段归属及导入时的管理范围需继续评审。不要因此新增 Role、
+应用凭据。LoginRole 与 CredentialLocation 随 Database 保留，不能因为 Tenant 消失就
-Credential 或 Claim CRD。当前首版仍是单 database + 单 login owner。
+失去定位或未经授权被删除；导入时的管理授权与具体字段仍需评审。不新增 Role、Credential
+或 Claim CRD，也不预留多账号集合；若出现一库多账号的实际需求，再通过后续 API 版本演进。
 
 ## 生命周期与恢复
 
 - 动态创建与显式导入最终形成同一种 Database 资源，但导入本身不允许改密、改 owner 或删除。
 - Retain 后 Database 保持 Released 与旧绑定身份，人工确认数据、权限和凭据后才可重新绑定。
 - 回收策略属于资源侧；Tenant 与 Database 不是可随申请级联 GC 的父子关系。
+- 回收策略默认 Retain，进入删除流程前可由资源管理者修改，进入后固定；Delete 无额外审批。
+- 动态凭据位置按 Database UID 确定，导入显式关联已有凭据；Released 不自动改密。
 - 绑定 UID 防止同名新申请继承权限。双向记录的单边写入不代表绑定完成。
+- 动态 Database 名称由 Tenant UID 确定；先持久化资源侧 Tenant 引用，再更新 Tenant status
+  的 Database 引用。后一写入失败由 reconcile 核对身份后补齐，不回滚资源侧记录；
+  其他 Tenant 已占用则报冲突。双向一致后才供应或交付，绑定不等于 Ready。
 - 普通失败按 reconcile 重试；可靠确认的步骤幂等继续；不确定创建/未知同名对象报告 Conflict。
 - Kubernetes status 是持久进度和观察，不是外部事实，也不是 controller 内存。
   不引入“status 任意丢失后自动恢复所有权”的附加要求。
@@ -58,18 +69,25 @@ Credential 或 Claim CRD。当前首版仍是单 database + 单 login owner。
 | --- | --- |
 | 领域 | 值、身份、允许动作、不变量、完成与冲突判定；不做 IO |
 | 应用 | 装载记录与事实、协调 API 更新和 adapter、回读、交回领域判定 |
-| controller | watch/调度、映射、conditions/status/finalizer；不重写领域规则 |
+| controller | watch/调度、调用用例、请求资源呈现与安排重试；不判断绑定资格 |
-| adapter | Kubernetes、PostgreSQL、OpenBao、ESO 的具体访问与安全错误分类 |
+| adapter | Kubernetes 资源映射与呈现（含 conditions/status/finalizer）、后端访问与安全错误分类 |
 | 装配 | 客户端与成熟连接池的生命周期，不是领域状态 |
 
 不引入通用 Repository CRUD、跨系统 Unit of Work、事务队列或第二套 phase 存储。
 resourceVersion 解决 API 对象并发更新，不宣称 PostgreSQL 与 Kubernetes 原子提交。
 
+绑定实现中，`domain/binding` 承载请求默认值、资源身份匹配、实例就绪与排他绑定规则；
+`application/BindingService` 协调固定申请、资源侧写入和回读确认，返回待呈现结果。
+两层均不依赖 Kubernetes API 类型。`adapter/kubernetes/BindingResources` 将 CR 转换为事实
+快照，并负责保留其他字段、检查快照版本、写入 finalizer 和呈现 Conditions/status。
+controller 仅连接事件、service 与呈现层，不把资源写入细节和领域判断塞进 Reconcile。
+这里的接口只列出绑定用例所需操作，不扩展成通用 CRUD、Repository 或事务框架。
+
 ## API 切片前需明确
 
-- Database 的 scope、引用格式、谁可以预留/绑定/释放，以及绑定字段和更新顺序。
+- 引用与绑定字段的最终格式及校验、管理员与 controller 的权限落实。
 - 资源侧回收策略与 Tenant/Database finalizer 配合。
-- 导入时角色/凭据的管理范围，稳定凭据定位、旧使用者撤权及新投射授权。
+- 导入时角色/凭据的管理范围及关联字段、旧使用者撤权及投射清理。
 - 绑定/导入同一实际目标的重复声明如何拒绝，且不引入 registry。
 - 管理员确认冲突、解除旧绑定的具体可审计操作入口。
 

docs/database/migration.md

@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@
 | 最后更新 | 2026-09-24 |
 
 当前设计支持管理员显式登记已有 Database；未知同名资源仍不得自动认领。
-导入不要求移动数据，不隐含改密码、owner、授权或删除权限。API 尚未实现，以下导入步骤
+导入不要求移动数据，不隐含改密码、owner、授权或删除权限。API schema 与绑定协调已实现，
+但导入观察和凭据交付尚未实现，以下导入步骤
 是验收要求而非可直接执行的命令。
 
 ## 显式导入与保留资源复用
@@ -15,7 +16,7 @@
 1. 核对 Instance、数据库、owner、角色权限、扩展、使用者与备份，确定允许管理的范围。
 2. 由管理员声明 Database，指定已有目标，回收策略默认 Retain；导入验证初始只读。
 3. 安全关联现有应用凭据；具体 API 待定，不把密码写入 CR，不因验证失败重置密码。
-4. 管理员授权目标 Tenant；controller 验证资源与申请符合要求并建立排他绑定。
+4. Tenant 显式引用未绑定且可用的 Database；controller 验证要求并建立排他绑定，无额外名单审批。
 5. 验证实际登录与 ESO 交付；不满足时停止，不以修改原数据库作为默认修复。
 
 Released 资源复用前另需核实旧使用者的访问权限、数据交接与投射处置。保留旧绑定身份直到
@@ -135,7 +136,7 @@ extension 应由 Tenant spec 创建。若 dump 仍包含 extension 定义，预
 
 发布首个可用版本前，必须在临时 PostgreSQL/OpenBao/Kind 环境执行本文并记录：
 
-- 显式导入与 Released 重新绑定的授权、旧访问处置和失败不修改原资源；
+- 显式导入的管理权限、Released 重新开放前的旧访问处置和失败不修改原资源；
 - 使用的 PostgreSQL major version 和命令版本；
 - dump/restore 返回码和对象差异；
 - DNS/IP TLS 登录结果；

docs/database/operations.md

@@ -3,8 +3,24 @@
 状态：设计合同，操作入口待 API 实现与隔离环境演练。日期：2026-09-24。
 依据 [系统规格](specification.md)，不再查询或维护 PostgreSQL registry。
 
+## 当前绑定切片的限制
+
+源码已接入绑定 controller，未接入 PostgreSQL 供应、OpenBao/ESO 交付或删除清理。
+Bound/BindingComplete 只表示 Kubernetes 双向记录一致，Ready 仍为 False。
+Tenant 删除会保留 `database.ayatori.ddupan.top/tenant-protection` 并报告 DeletionPending；
+Database 的 `database.ayatori.ddupan.top/database-protection` 也尚无清理后移除路径。
+这是未完成能力的明确边界，不是已经实现的 Retain/Delete 恢复逻辑。不要将此切片部署为
+业务 DBaaS，也不要为了消除等待状态直接移除 finalizer；后续必须补齐清理与验收。
+
 ## 日常检查
 
+Instance 观察已实现：先确认 manager 配置了 `--database-secret-namespace` 或 `POD_NAMESPACE`，
+再检查 Ready Reason、observedGeneration 与管理 Secret 名称/字段映射，切勿导出其 data。
+`InsufficientPrivileges` 表示当前原生方案要求的非 superuser、CREATEDB/CREATEROLE 不满足；
+`CredentialsChanged` 会丢弃中途轮换的结果并重验；`InstanceInUse` 消息定位阻塞删除的资源。
+Secret 事件立即入队，30 秒重查覆盖 PostgreSQL 权限等没有 Kubernetes 事件的外部变化。
+Instance 删除不要求 PostgreSQL 可达，但必须可读取所有 Database/Tenant 引用。
+
 先看 Instance、Database、Tenant 的 Ready Condition、绑定 UID、阶段与 observedGeneration，
 再核对 PostgreSQL catalog、OpenBao metadata、ExternalSecret 与 Secret 投射状态。
 具体 kubectl 资源名、finalizer 名称与人工确认字段在 API 实现后补齐，不提供猜测的 patch 命令。

docs/database/security.md

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 | 项目 | 内容 |
 | --- | --- |
 | 状态 | Review |
-| 最后更新 | 2026-09-24 |
+| 最后更新 | 2026-09-25 |
 
 ## 保护目标
 
@@ -47,12 +47,15 @@ ESO 身份只读管理路径，租户 ESO 身份只读 tenant base path，二者
 使用管理凭据 Store。controller 对管理 Secret 的读取限于自身 namespace，Instance
 不能指定其他 namespace；controller 不创建或修改管理 Secret／ExternalSecret。
 
-PostgreSQL 管理 role 不应是 superuser。若平台选择 SECURITY DEFINER 函数承载创建或
+2026-09-25 维护者确认第一版使用原生非 superuser 管理 role，具有 CREATEDB/CREATEROLE，
-删除操作，函数必须固定 `search_path`、严格校验 identifier、拒绝任意 SQL，并仅向
+不引入 SECURITY DEFINER 接口。Instance 检查拒绝 superuser；具体已有资源的 owner 和
-controller role 授予 EXECUTE。controller 不调用 shell 或 `psql` 拼接用户输入。
+membership 仍需逐资源验证，不能把基础能力用于接管他人资源。扩展按实际权限安装，
+不因可用列表包含某个扩展就默认能安装它。controller 不调用 shell 或 `psql` 拼接用户输入。
+当前检查与真实权限矩阵见 [Instance 原生管理观测](README.md#instance-原生管理观测)。
 
-Kubernetes RBAC 应把 Instance 管理、Database 导入、预留、重新绑定授权和回收限制给平台管理员。
+Kubernetes RBAC 应把 Instance 管理、Database 导入、Released 重新开放和回收限制给平台管理员。
-知道 Database 名称不等于有权使用；Tenant editor
+有权创建 Tenant 的申请者可显式申请未绑定且可用的 Database，不增加资源侧允许绑定名单
+或逐 Tenant 审批。Released 必须先由管理员处理旧访问并重新开放。Tenant editor
 不自动获得 Secret read；是否读取目标 Secret 由 namespace 内独立 RBAC 决定。
 
 ## 删除保护

docs/database/specification.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 | --- | --- |
 | 状态 | 资源模型与生命周期已批准；字段协议待 API 评审 |
 | 目标 API | `database.ayatori.ddupan.top/v1alpha1` |
-| 最后更新 | 2026-09-24 |
+| 最后更新 | 2026-09-25 |
 | 决策 | [ADR-0009](../decisions/0009-database-resource-and-claim.md) |
 
 本文是当前行为合同，替代旧的 Tenant 同时承担申请与资源生命周期、PostgreSQL registry
@@ -34,9 +34,16 @@ Instance
 | Database | 描述外部数据库、管理范围、绑定与回收策略 | 充当第二套 registry 或通用资源框架 |
 | Tenant | 声明需求或显式选择资源，申请使用并交付凭据 | 删除时隐式销毁独立资源记录 |
 
-Instance 保持 cluster-scoped，Tenant 保持 namespaced。Database 的工作名称是
+Instance 与 Database 为 cluster-scoped，Tenant 为 namespaced。Database 的工作名称是
-PostgreSQLDatabase；scope、字段拼写和管理角色/凭据的具体边界待 API 评审。
+PostgreSQLDatabase；字段拼写与导入授权细节待 API 评审。
-单 database + 单 login owner 的首版使用场景不变，不新增独立 Role 或 Claim CRD。
+Database 由平台管理员管理，不属于应用 namespace，不引入资源专用 namespace。
+Tenant 按名称引用 Database；Database 绑定记录包含 Tenant 的 namespace/name/UID。
+普通申请者通过 Tenant 申请使用，不能自行修改 Database 回收策略或将 Released 资源重新开放。
+
+2026-09-25 确认：第一版以一个 database、一个兼任 owner 的 login role 及其应用凭据
+作为 Database 的生命周期边界，Tenant 负责申请与交付，不单独拥有账号或凭据生命周期。
+不预留多账号字段，不新增独立 Role、Credential 或 Claim CRD。一库多账号若出现实际需求，
+通过后续 API 版本演进处理，不纳入 v1alpha1。此边界不扩大导入资源的管理授权。
 
 Database 自身必须声明 `instanceRef`，手工登记时同时指定实际数据库名；无需先存在 Tenant，
 即可通过 Instance 验证目标。动态申请由 Tenant 选择 Instance，供应时把该引用写入 Database；
@@ -81,15 +88,25 @@ endpoint 变更由管理员负责评估，不验证物理服务器连续性，
 ## 5. 动态供应与排他绑定
 
 1. 校验 Tenant 请求、Instance 能力、名称和扩展要求。
+   绑定 controller 在触及资源侧绑定前将 Tenant 进度记为 Binding，固定申请目标，
+   避免两次绑定写入之间修改引用占用第二个资源；该进度不是已绑定的声明。
 2. 在首次外部写入前持久化独立 Database 记录、确定目标与管理范围。
-3. 建立带 UID 的排他预留/绑定，避免两个 Tenant 同时使用同一 Database。
+   动态创建的 Database 名称由 Tenant UID 确定；重试复用同一记录，不重复创建。
+3. 先在 Database 写入 Tenant namespace/name/UID，再在 Tenant status 写入 Database
+   name/UID；双向记录一致后才允许供应或交付。
 4. 按已确认步骤建立凭据、role、database、授权和扩展，逐步回读。
 5. 验证应用登录与 ESO 投射后，Tenant 才可 Ready。
 
 绑定前固定有效目标；绑定或开始外部供应后不得通过修改名称或引用实施隐式迁移。
 每个 Database 最多一个使用者，每个 Tenant 最多一个 Database。
 绑定 API 写入采用 resourceVersion 并发控制；双向记录不原子，单边完成不得授予使用权限。
-具体字段、写入顺序与重启恢复协议须在 API 切片定义，并由真实 API server 验证。
+采用 Kubernetes PV/PVC 的资源侧先写模式，参考
+[官方 bind 实现](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/pkg/controller/volume/persistentvolume/pv_controller.go)。
+Database 已绑定其他 Tenant 时报告 Conflict，不抢占；API 更新版本冲突时重新读取并判断，
+不能盲目覆盖。资源侧成功而 Tenant status 写入失败时，下一次 reconcile 核对双方身份后
+补写，不因单次失败撤销资源侧绑定。普通 controller 重启沿用这些持久记录继续协调。
+这只处理 Kubernetes 绑定记录的部分完成，不提供外部数据库不确定创建结果的自动认领。
+绑定成功不代表 Ready，具体字段及并发、重启、单边写入恢复必须由真实 API server 测试验证。
 
 不同 Database 记录请求同一外部名称仍可能竞争，不能仅靠 Kubernetes 中的列表检查保证
 PostgreSQL 名称唯一。后端创建时的重名失败报告 Conflict，失败方不得接管胜方资源。
@@ -102,12 +119,16 @@ PostgreSQL 名称唯一。后端创建时的重名失败报告 Conflict，失败
 不得通过重置密码、改变 owner 或撤销现有访问来“完成导入”。
 
 未显式导入的同名数据库一律 Conflict。导入资源默认 Retain，不隐含 Delete 授权。
-Tenant 显式引用已登记资源仍需通过绑定资格与授权检查；知道资源名称不等于有权使用。
+有权创建 Tenant 的申请者可以显式引用已登记、未绑定且可用的 Database；不增加资源侧
-资源侧预留/授权的具体 API 和已有凭据的安全关联入口待细化，完成前不能宣称可用。
+允许绑定名单或逐 Tenant 的管理员审批。绑定仍检查目标、可用状态与排他关系。
+Released 不在可申请范围，必须由管理员处理旧访问并重新开放。导入时显式关联已有凭据，
+不通过隐式改密生成替代凭据；具体关联字段在 API 中定义。
 
 ## 7. Retain、重新绑定与 Delete
 
 回收策略属于 Database，默认 Retain；Tenant 删除是释放申请，不是独立资源的 GC 授权。
+有资源管理权限的主体可在进入删除流程前修改 Retain/Delete；进入删除流程后策略固定。
+显式设置 Delete 就是删除授权，不增加第二次审批或确认字段。
 Database 不得设置会让它随 Tenant 消失的 ownerReference。
 
 ### Retain
@@ -150,6 +171,9 @@ status 缺失不假定发生于正常重启。Instance 可重新探测能力；D
 
 ## 9. 权限、凭据与扩展
 
+2026-09-25 确认第一版管理账号使用原生非 superuser + CREATEDB/CREATEROLE 方案，
+不引入 SECURITY DEFINER 接口；权限检查与限制见 [安全合同](security.md#最小权限)。
+
 动态供应继续使用一个兼任 database owner 的 LOGIN role；应用角色不得具备 superuser、
 CREATEDB、CREATEROLE 或 replication 权限。撤销 PUBLIC CONNECT，再授予目标角色；
 不修改无关数据库和角色。identifier 匹配 `^[a-z][a-z0-9_]{0,62}$`，SQL 安全引用。
@@ -164,7 +188,8 @@ Kubernetes 应用由 ESO 投射同 namespace Secret，controller 不直接写明
 凭据仍输出 username/password/database/host/hostaddr/port/sslmode 七键，不生成带密码 URI。
 Tenant status 提供 Secret 引用与无认证信息的 OpenBao API URL。
 mount/base path 属部署配置，Tenant 不得自选任意路径；原按 Tenant namespace/name 固定
-推导路径的规则需修订为可支持资源保留与重新绑定的定位协议，本轮不定字段或新路径格式。
+推导路径的规则撤除。动态供应的凭据路径按 Database UID 确定；导入时显式关联已有凭据
+位置，不要求搬迁已有凭据。Released 不自动改密，管理员处理旧访问后才重新开放资源。
 不得因换 Tenant、改部署参数或重新绑定就隐式搬迁凭据或改密。
 
 TLS、OpenBao Kubernetes auth、controller/ESO 身份隔离、Secret 读取范围和防泄漏要求
@@ -189,7 +214,7 @@ ProvisioningFailed、CredentialProjectionFailed。Released 应明确显示未可
 | --- | --- |
 | Instance 登记与重验 | 无 registry 依赖；真实凭据/TLS/管理权限检查 |
 | 动态供应与重复 reconcile | 独立资源记录、排他绑定、密码不变、实际登录与投射成功 |
-| 显式导入 | 无数据/密码/owner 隐式修改；错误目标及未经授权申请被拒绝 |
+| 显式导入 | 无数据/密码/owner 隐式修改；错误目标、已占用或 Released 资源的申请被拒绝 |
 | 同名未知资源 | Conflict，原数据库/角色/凭据不变 |
 | 并发申请与单边绑定 | 最多一个使用者；失败方不能开始危险外部操作 |
 | controller 重启 | 已确认步骤正常继续；不确定创建报告人工可诊断冲突 |

internal/database/adapter/kubernetes/binding_mapping.go

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+package kubernetes
+
+import (
+	databasev1alpha1 "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/api/database/v1alpha1"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/application"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/domain/binding"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/types"
+)
+
+func bindingTenant(object *databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLTenant) *application.BindingTenant {
+	tenant := &application.BindingTenant{
+		Revision: object.ResourceVersion, Generation: object.Generation,
+	}
+	tenant.Tenant = binding.Tenant{
+		Identity: binding.TenantIdentity{Namespace: object.Namespace, Name: object.Name, UID: string(object.UID)},
+		Phase:    object.Status.Phase, Deleting: !object.DeletionTimestamp.IsZero(),
+	}
+	if request := object.Spec.Provision; request != nil {
+		tenant.Request.Provision = &binding.ProvisionRequest{
+			Instance: string(request.InstanceRef.Name), Database: string(request.Database), LoginRole: string(request.LoginRole),
+		}
+	}
+	if object.Spec.DatabaseRef != nil {
+		tenant.Request.ExistingDatabase = string(object.Spec.DatabaseRef.Name)
+	}
+	if ref := object.Status.DatabaseRef; ref != nil {
+		tenant.Database = &binding.Identity{Name: string(ref.Name), UID: string(ref.UID)}
+	}
+	return tenant
+}
+
+func bindingDatabase(object *databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabase) *application.BindingDatabase {
+	database := &application.BindingDatabase{
+		Revision: object.ResourceVersion,
+	}
+	database.Database = binding.Database{
+		Identity: binding.Identity{Name: object.Name, UID: string(object.UID)},
+		Instance: string(object.Spec.InstanceRef.Name), InstanceUID: string(object.Status.InstanceUID),
+		Name: string(object.Spec.Database), LoginRole: string(object.Spec.LoginRole), Source: object.Spec.Source,
+		Phase: object.Status.Phase, Deleting: !object.DeletionTimestamp.IsZero(),
+		Ready: currentReady(object.Generation, object.Status.Conditions),
+	}
+	if ref := object.Spec.TenantRef; ref != nil {
+		database.Tenant = &binding.TenantIdentity{Namespace: ref.Namespace, Name: string(ref.Name), UID: string(ref.UID)}
+	}
+	return database
+}
+
+func tenantReference(tenant binding.TenantIdentity) *databasev1alpha1.TenantReference {
+	return &databasev1alpha1.TenantReference{
+		Namespace: tenant.Namespace, Name: databasev1alpha1.ObjectName(tenant.Name), UID: types.UID(tenant.UID),
+	}
+}
+
+// BindingTargetName 供 informer 索引使用；不把无效请求丢出事件映射。
+func BindingTargetName(tenant *databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLTenant) string {
+	if tenant.Spec.DatabaseRef != nil {
+		return string(tenant.Spec.DatabaseRef.Name)
+	}
+	return binding.DynamicDatabaseName(string(tenant.UID))
+}

internal/database/adapter/kubernetes/binding_resources.go

@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+package kubernetes
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+
+	databasev1alpha1 "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/api/database/v1alpha1"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/application"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/domain/binding"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/equality"
+	apierrors "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/errors"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/meta"
+	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/types"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/client"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/controller/controllerutil"
+)
+
+const (
+	TenantFinalizer   = "database.ayatori.ddupan.top/tenant-protection"
+	DatabaseFinalizer = "database.ayatori.ddupan.top/database-protection"
+)
+
+// BindingResources 读取领域所需事实，并把用例结果呈现为 CR、finalizer 与 Conditions。
+// 重新读取后校验快照版本，保留不属于本用例的字段；不决定绑定资格或恢复顺序。
+type BindingResources struct {
+	Client client.Client
+	Reader client.Reader
+}
+
+var _ application.BindingResources = (*BindingResources)(nil)
+
+func (r *BindingResources) Tenant(ctx context.Context, namespace, name string) (*application.BindingTenant, error) {
+	object := &databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLTenant{}
+	if err := r.Reader.Get(ctx, types.NamespacedName{Namespace: namespace, Name: name}, object); err != nil {
+		return nil, client.IgnoreNotFound(err)
+	}
+	return bindingTenant(object), nil
+}
+
+func (r *BindingResources) Database(ctx context.Context, name string) (*application.BindingDatabase, error) {
+	object := &databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabase{}
+	if err := r.Reader.Get(ctx, types.NamespacedName{Name: name}, object); err != nil {
+		return nil, client.IgnoreNotFound(err)
+	}
+	return bindingDatabase(object), nil
+}
+
+func (r *BindingResources) Instance(ctx context.Context, name string) (*binding.Instance, error) {
+	object := &databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLInstance{}
+	if err := r.Reader.Get(ctx, types.NamespacedName{Name: name}, object); err != nil {
+		return nil, client.IgnoreNotFound(err)
+	}
+	return &binding.Instance{
+		Identity: binding.Identity{Name: object.Name, UID: string(object.UID)},
+		Deleting: !object.DeletionTimestamp.IsZero(), Ready: currentReady(object.Generation, object.Status.Conditions),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (r *BindingResources) BeginBinding(ctx context.Context, tenant *application.BindingTenant,
+	checkpoint *application.BindingStatus) (*application.BindingTenant, error) {
+	object, err := r.tenantAtVersion(ctx, tenant)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if controllerutil.AddFinalizer(object, TenantFinalizer) {
+		if err := r.Client.Update(ctx, object); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	if checkpoint != nil {
+		if err := r.presentStatus(ctx, object, *checkpoint); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	return bindingTenant(object), nil
+}
+
+func (r *BindingResources) CreateDatabase(ctx context.Context, target binding.Target,
+	tenant binding.TenantIdentity) (*application.BindingDatabase, error) {
+	object := &databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabase{}
+	object.Name = target.Name
+	object.Spec = databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabaseSpec{
+		InstanceRef: databasev1alpha1.InstanceReference{Name: databasev1alpha1.ObjectName(target.Provision.Instance)},
+		Database:    databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLIdentifier(target.Provision.Database),
+		LoginRole:   databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLIdentifier(target.Provision.LoginRole),
+		Source:      "Provision", ReclaimPolicy: databasev1alpha1.ReclaimRetain, TenantRef: tenantReference(tenant),
+	}
+	controllerutil.AddFinalizer(object, DatabaseFinalizer)
+	if err := r.Client.Create(ctx, object); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return bindingDatabase(object), nil
+}
+
+func (r *BindingResources) RecordInstance(ctx context.Context, database *application.BindingDatabase,
+	instanceUID string) (*application.BindingDatabase, error) {
+	object, err := r.databaseAtVersion(ctx, database)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	object.Status.InstanceUID = types.UID(instanceUID)
+	if err := r.Client.Status().Update(ctx, object); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return bindingDatabase(object), nil
+}
+
+func (r *BindingResources) BindDatabase(ctx context.Context, database *application.BindingDatabase,
+	tenant binding.TenantIdentity) (*application.BindingDatabase, error) {
+	object, err := r.databaseAtVersion(ctx, database)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	wanted := tenantReference(tenant)
+	changed := controllerutil.AddFinalizer(object, DatabaseFinalizer)
+	if object.Spec.TenantRef == nil || *object.Spec.TenantRef != *wanted {
+		object.Spec.TenantRef = wanted
+		changed = true
+	}
+	if changed {
+		if err := r.Client.Update(ctx, object); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	return bindingDatabase(object), nil
+}
+
+func (r *BindingResources) Present(ctx context.Context, result application.BindingResult) error {
+	if result.Tenant == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	object, err := r.tenantAtVersion(ctx, result.Tenant)
+	if err != nil {
+		return client.IgnoreNotFound(err)
+	}
+	return r.presentStatus(ctx, object, result.Status)
+}
+
+func (r *BindingResources) presentStatus(ctx context.Context, object *databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLTenant,
+	status application.BindingStatus) error {
+	previous := object.Status.DeepCopy()
+	object.Status.Phase = status.Phase
+	object.Status.ObservedGeneration = object.Generation
+	if status.Database != nil {
+		object.Status.DatabaseRef = &databasev1alpha1.BoundDatabaseReference{
+			Name: databasev1alpha1.ObjectName(status.Database.Name), UID: types.UID(status.Database.UID),
+		}
+	}
+	meta.SetStatusCondition(&object.Status.Conditions, metav1.Condition{
+		Type: "Ready", Status: metav1.ConditionFalse, Reason: status.Reason, Message: status.Message,
+		ObservedGeneration: object.Generation,
+	})
+	if equality.Semantic.DeepEqual(*previous, object.Status) {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return r.Client.Status().Update(ctx, object)
+}
+
+func (r *BindingResources) tenantAtVersion(ctx context.Context, tenant *application.BindingTenant) (*databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLTenant, error) {
+	object := &databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLTenant{}
+	key := types.NamespacedName{Namespace: tenant.Identity.Namespace, Name: tenant.Identity.Name}
+	if err := r.Reader.Get(ctx, key, object); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if string(object.UID) != tenant.Identity.UID || object.ResourceVersion != tenant.Revision {
+		return nil, bindingVersionConflict("postgresqltenants", object.Name)
+	}
+	return object, nil
+}
+
+func (r *BindingResources) databaseAtVersion(ctx context.Context, database *application.BindingDatabase) (*databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabase, error) {
+	object := &databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabase{}
+	if err := r.Reader.Get(ctx, types.NamespacedName{Name: database.Identity.Name}, object); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if string(object.UID) != database.Identity.UID || object.ResourceVersion != database.Revision {
+		return nil, bindingVersionConflict("postgresqldatabases", object.Name)
+	}
+	return object, nil
+}
+
+func bindingVersionConflict(resource, name string) error {
+	return apierrors.NewConflict(databasev1alpha1.GroupVersion.WithResource(resource).GroupResource(), name,
+		fmt.Errorf("绑定快照已过期，请重新读取后判断"))
+}
+
+func currentReady(generation int64, conditions []metav1.Condition) bool {
+	condition := meta.FindStatusCondition(conditions, "Ready")
+	return condition != nil && condition.Status == metav1.ConditionTrue && condition.ObservedGeneration == generation
+}

internal/database/adapter/kubernetes/instance_mapping.go

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+package kubernetes
+
+import (
+	databasev1alpha1 "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/api/database/v1alpha1"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/application"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/domain/instance"
+)
+
+func instanceRecord(object *databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLInstance) (*application.InstanceRecord, error) {
+	identity, err := instance.NewIdentity(string(object.UID), object.Name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	revision, err := instance.NewRevision(object.Generation)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	spec := object.Spec
+	endpoint, err := instance.NewEndpoint(instance.EndpointValues{
+		Host: spec.Endpoint.Host, HostAddr: spec.Endpoint.HostAddr,
+		Port: int(spec.Endpoint.Port), ManagementDatabase: string(spec.Endpoint.Database),
+		TLSMode: instance.TLSMode(spec.Endpoint.SSLMode),
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	credential, err := instance.NewCredentialReference(instance.CredentialReferenceValues{
+		Name:        string(spec.AdminCredentialRef.Name),
+		UsernameKey: spec.AdminCredentialRef.UsernameKey, PasswordKey: spec.AdminCredentialRef.PasswordKey,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	definition, err := instance.NewDefinition(endpoint, credential)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	target, err := instance.NewObservationTarget(identity, revision, definition)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &application.InstanceRecord{
+		Target: target, Revision: object.ResourceVersion, Deleting: !object.DeletionTimestamp.IsZero(),
+	}, nil
+}

internal/database/adapter/kubernetes/instance_resources.go

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+package kubernetes
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+
+	databasev1alpha1 "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/api/database/v1alpha1"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/application"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/domain/instance"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/equality"
+	apierrors "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/errors"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/meta"
+	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/client"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/controller/controllerutil"
+)
+
+const InstanceFinalizer = "database.ayatori.ddupan.top/instance-protection"
+
+type InstanceResources struct {
+	Client client.Client
+	Reader client.Reader
+}
+
+func (r *InstanceResources) LoadInstance(ctx context.Context, name string) (*application.InstanceRecord, error) {
+	object := &databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLInstance{}
+	if err := r.Reader.Get(ctx, client.ObjectKey{Name: name}, object); err != nil {
+		return nil, client.IgnoreNotFound(err)
+	}
+	return instanceRecord(object)
+}
+
+func (r *InstanceResources) ProtectInstance(ctx context.Context, record *application.InstanceRecord) (*application.InstanceRecord, error) {
+	object, err := r.instanceAtVersion(ctx, record)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if controllerutil.AddFinalizer(object, InstanceFinalizer) {
+		if err := r.Client.Update(ctx, object); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	return instanceRecord(object)
+}
+
+func (r *InstanceResources) InstanceReferences(ctx context.Context, name string) (string, error) {
+	// 删除判断必须直读 API；包含 Released、删除中的 Database 和尚未绑定的申请。
+	// 不按旧 Instance UID 忽略引用，也不依赖 informer 索引的及时性。
+	databases := &databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabaseList{}
+	if err := r.Reader.List(ctx, databases); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	for _, database := range databases.Items {
+		if string(database.Spec.InstanceRef.Name) == name {
+			return "Database/" + database.Name, nil
+		}
+	}
+	tenants := &databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLTenantList{}
+	if err := r.Reader.List(ctx, tenants); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	for _, tenant := range tenants.Items {
+		if tenant.Spec.Provision != nil && string(tenant.Spec.Provision.InstanceRef.Name) == name {
+			return "Tenant/" + tenant.Namespace + "/" + tenant.Name, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return "", nil
+}
+
+func (r *InstanceResources) PresentInstance(ctx context.Context, result application.InstanceResult) error {
+	if result.Record == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	object, err := r.instanceAtVersion(ctx, result.Record)
+	if err != nil {
+		return client.IgnoreNotFound(err)
+	}
+	previous := object.Status.DeepCopy()
+	object.Status.Phase = string(result.Snapshot.Phase)
+	object.Status.ObservedGeneration = object.Generation
+	object.Status.PostgreSQLVersion = result.Snapshot.ReportedVersion
+	ready := metav1.ConditionFalse
+	if result.Snapshot.Readiness == instance.Ready {
+		ready = metav1.ConditionTrue
+	}
+	meta.SetStatusCondition(&object.Status.Conditions, metav1.Condition{
+		Type: "Ready", Status: ready, ObservedGeneration: object.Generation,
+		Reason: result.Reason, Message: result.Message,
+	})
+	if !equality.Semantic.DeepEqual(*previous, object.Status) {
+		if err := r.Client.Status().Update(ctx, object); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	if result.RemoveProtection && controllerutil.RemoveFinalizer(object, InstanceFinalizer) {
+		return r.Client.Update(ctx, object)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (r *InstanceResources) instanceAtVersion(ctx context.Context, record *application.InstanceRecord) (*databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLInstance, error) {
+	object := &databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLInstance{}
+	name := record.Target.Identity().Name()
+	if err := r.Reader.Get(ctx, client.ObjectKey{Name: name}, object); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if string(object.UID) != record.Target.Identity().UID() || object.ResourceVersion != record.Revision {
+		return nil, apierrors.NewConflict(databasev1alpha1.GroupVersion.WithResource("postgresqlinstances").GroupResource(),
+			name, errors.New("Instance 快照已过期，请重新观察"))
+	}
+	return object, nil
+}

internal/database/adapter/postgresql/fixture_integration_test.go

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ import (
 	corev1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
 	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
 	"k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/rest"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/envtest"
 
 	secretadapter "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/adapter/kubernetes"
@@ -40,6 +41,10 @@ import (
 )
 
 const (
+	fixtureAddress        = "127.0.0.1"
+	managementUsernameKey = "login"
+	managementPasswordKey = "credential"
+	unrelatedNamespace    = "unrelated"
 	fixtureHost           = "fixture.invalid"
 	fixtureUser           = "postgres"
 	fixtureExtension      = "plpgsql"
@@ -79,7 +84,7 @@ func postgresFixture(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context) (string, int) {
 		t.Fatal("invalid fixture port")
 	}
 	// 初次 init 的临时服务器只监听 Unix socket，必须等最终 TCP listener。
-	for exec.CommandContext(ctx, "docker", dockerExec, id, "pg_isready", "-h", "127.0.0.1", "-U", fixtureUser).Run() != nil {
+	for exec.CommandContext(ctx, "docker", dockerExec, id, "pg_isready", "-h", fixtureAddress, "-U", fixtureUser).Run() != nil {
 		select {
 		case <-ctx.Done():
 			t.Fatal("fixture startup timed out")
@@ -154,7 +159,7 @@ func target(t *testing.T, port int, mode instance.TLSMode) instance.ObservationT
 	}
 	endpoint, err := instance.NewEndpoint(instance.EndpointValues{
 		Host:               fixtureHost,
-		HostAddr:           "127.0.0.1",
+		HostAddr:           fixtureAddress,
 		Port:               port,
 		ManagementDatabase: fixtureUser,
 		TLSMode:            mode,
@@ -164,8 +169,8 @@ func target(t *testing.T, port int, mode instance.TLSMode) instance.ObservationT
 	}
 	ref, err := instance.NewCredentialReference(instance.CredentialReferenceValues{
 		Name:        secretName,
-		UsernameKey: "login",
+		UsernameKey: managementUsernameKey,
-		PasswordKey: "credential",
+		PasswordKey: managementPasswordKey,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
@@ -196,6 +201,7 @@ func (r *gatedReader) Read(ctx context.Context, ref instance.CredentialReference
 
 // credentialFixture 为每个场景创建独立 API server、PostgreSQL 和应用服务。
 type credentialFixture struct {
+	config       *rest.Config
 	ctx          context.Context
 	client       *kubernetes.Clientset
 	reader       *secretadapter.SecretCredentials
@@ -227,7 +233,7 @@ func newCredentialFixture(t *testing.T) *credentialFixture {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal("cannot create test client")
 	}
-	for _, namespace := range []string{controllerNamespace, "unrelated"} {
+	for _, namespace := range []string{controllerNamespace, unrelatedNamespace} {
 		_, err := client.CoreV1().Namespaces().Create(
 			ctx,
 			&corev1.Namespace{Name: namespace},
@@ -260,6 +266,7 @@ func newCredentialFixture(t *testing.T) *credentialFixture {
 	t.Cleanup(service.Close)
 
 	return &credentialFixture{
+		config:       config,
 		ctx:          ctx,
 		client:       client,
 		reader:       reader,
@@ -277,8 +284,8 @@ func (f *credentialFixture) createSecret(t *testing.T, namespace string) {
 	secret := &corev1.Secret{
 		Name: secretName,
 		Data: map[string][]byte{
-			"login":      []byte(fixtureUser),
+			managementUsernameKey: []byte(fixtureUser),
-			"credential": []byte(fixturePassword),
+			managementPasswordKey: []byte(fixturePassword),
 		},
 	}
 	if _, err := f.client.CoreV1().Secrets(namespace).Create(f.ctx, secret, metav1.CreateOptions{}); err != nil {

internal/database/adapter/postgresql/instance_controller_integration_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+//go:build integration
+
+package postgresql_test
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	databasev1alpha1 "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/api/database/v1alpha1"
+	secretadapter "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/adapter/kubernetes"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/adapter/postgresql"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/application"
+	databasecontroller "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/controller"
+	corev1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+	rbacv1 "k8s.io/api/rbac/v1"
+	apierrors "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/errors"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/meta"
+	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
+	yamlutil "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/yaml"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/rest"
+	ctrl "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/client"
+	controllerconfig "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/config"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/envtest"
+	metricsserver "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/metrics/server"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/yaml"
+)
+
+const watchRevisionAnnotation = "test.ayatori/observation"
+
+func TestInstanceControllerWithRealPostgreSQL(t *testing.T) {
+	f := newCredentialFixture(t)
+	if _, err := envtest.InstallCRDs(f.config, envtest.CRDInstallOptions{
+		Paths: []string{"../../../../config/crd/bases"}, ErrorIfPathMissing: true,
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	scheme := runtime.NewScheme()
+	for _, install := range []func(*runtime.Scheme) error{databasev1alpha1.AddToScheme, corev1.AddToScheme, rbacv1.AddToScheme} {
+		if err := install(scheme); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+	apiClient, err := client.New(f.config, client.Options{Scheme: scheme})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	restricted := instanceControllerRBAC(t, f, apiClient)
+	credentials, err := secretadapter.NewSecretCredentials(restricted, controllerNamespace)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	service, err := application.NewInstanceService(credentials, postgresql.Connector{})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	// 同进程 -count 重复启动测试 manager；生产继续校验 controller 名称唯一。
+	skipRepeatedName := true
+	manager, err := ctrl.NewManager(restricted, ctrl.Options{
+		Scheme: scheme, Cache: databasecontroller.InstanceCacheOptions(controllerNamespace),
+		Metrics: metricsserver.Options{BindAddress: "0"}, HealthProbeBindAddress: "0",
+		Controller: controllerconfig.Controller{SkipNameValidation: &skipRepeatedName},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	reconciler := &databasecontroller.InstanceReconciler{Observer: service, SecretNamespace: controllerNamespace}
+	if err := reconciler.SetupWithManager(manager); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	managerContext, stop := context.WithCancel(f.ctx)
+	done := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() { done <- manager.Start(managerContext) }()
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		stop()
+		select {
+		case err := <-done:
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Error(err)
+			}
+		case <-time.After(20 * time.Second):
+			t.Error("Instance manager 未停止")
+		}
+		service.Close()
+	})
+	object := &databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLInstance{}
+	object.Name = "native-instance"
+	object.Spec.Endpoint = databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLEndpoint{
+		Host: fixtureHost, HostAddr: fixtureAddress, Port: int32(f.port), SSLMode: "disable",
+	}
+	object.Spec.AdminCredentialRef = databasev1alpha1.AdminCredentialReference{
+		Name: secretName, UsernameKey: managementUsernameKey, PasswordKey: managementPasswordKey,
+	}
+	if err := apiClient.Create(f.ctx, object); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	awaitInstanceReason(t, f, apiClient, object, "DependencyUnavailable")
+	// 30 秒轮询前必须收到 Secret 创建事件；实际 controller 使用 namespace Role + metadata watch。
+	useNativeManager(t, f)
+	awaitInstanceReason(t, f, apiClient, object, "ManagementReady")
+	before := f.backendIDs(t)
+	f.updateSecret(t, func(secret *corev1.Secret) {
+		secret.Annotations = map[string]string{watchRevisionAnnotation: "changed"}
+	})
+	// 用实际 API 事件触发重验，metadata 改动不应换池。
+	time.Sleep(200 * time.Millisecond)
+	if f.backendIDs(t) != before {
+		t.Fatal("无关 Secret metadata 修改重建了连接")
+	}
+	f.queryPostgres(t, "ALTER ROLE native_manager PASSWORD '"+rotatedPassword+"'")
+	f.updateSecret(t, func(secret *corev1.Secret) { secret.Data[managementPasswordKey] = []byte("invalid-test-password") })
+	awaitInstanceReason(t, f, apiClient, object, "AuthenticationFailed")
+	f.updateSecret(t, func(secret *corev1.Secret) { secret.Data[managementPasswordKey] = []byte(rotatedPassword) })
+	awaitInstanceReason(t, f, apiClient, object, "ManagementReady")
+	if f.backendIDs(t) == before {
+		t.Fatal("凭据轮换没有替换旧连接")
+	}
+	f.queryPostgres(t, "ALTER ROLE native_manager NOCREATEROLE")
+	f.updateSecret(t, func(secret *corev1.Secret) { secret.Annotations[watchRevisionAnnotation] = "recheck" })
+	awaitInstanceReason(t, f, apiClient, object, "InsufficientPrivileges")
+	f.queryPostgres(t, "ALTER ROLE native_manager CREATEROLE")
+	f.updateSecret(t, func(secret *corev1.Secret) { secret.Annotations[watchRevisionAnnotation] = "recovered" })
+	awaitInstanceReason(t, f, apiClient, object, "ManagementReady")
+	if err := f.client.CoreV1().Secrets(controllerNamespace).Delete(f.ctx, secretName, metav1.DeleteOptions{}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	awaitInstanceReason(t, f, apiClient, object, "DependencyUnavailable")
+	if f.backendIDs(t) != "" {
+		t.Fatal("Secret 删除后旧连接未释放")
+	}
+}
+
+func awaitInstanceReason(t *testing.T, f *credentialFixture, apiClient client.Client,
+	object *databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLInstance, reason string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(10 * time.Second)
+	for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
+		if err := apiClient.Get(f.ctx, client.ObjectKeyFromObject(object), object); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		condition := meta.FindStatusCondition(object.Status.Conditions, "Ready")
+		if condition != nil && condition.Reason == reason && condition.ObservedGeneration == object.Generation {
+			if (condition.Status == metav1.ConditionTrue) != (reason == "ManagementReady") {
+				t.Fatal("Ready 与检查结果不一致")
+			}
+			return
+		}
+		time.Sleep(50 * time.Millisecond)
+	}
+	t.Fatalf("watch 未及时推进到 %s", reason)
+}
+
+func instanceControllerRBAC(t *testing.T, f *credentialFixture, apiClient client.Client) *rest.Config {
+	t.Helper()
+	roleBytes, err := os.ReadFile("../../../../config/rbac/role.yaml")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	role := &rbacv1.ClusterRole{}
+	if err := yaml.Unmarshal(roleBytes, role); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := apiClient.Create(f.ctx, role); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	user := "instance-controller-test"
+	binding := &rbacv1.ClusterRoleBinding{}
+	binding.Name = user
+	binding.RoleRef = rbacv1.RoleRef{APIGroup: rbacv1.GroupName, Kind: "ClusterRole", Name: role.Name}
+	binding.Subjects = []rbacv1.Subject{{Kind: "User", APIGroup: rbacv1.GroupName, Name: user}}
+	if err := apiClient.Create(f.ctx, binding); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	credentialBytes, err := os.ReadFile("../../../../config/rbac/database_credentials_role.yaml")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	namespaceRole := &rbacv1.Role{}
+	decoder := yamlutil.NewYAMLOrJSONDecoder(bytes.NewReader(credentialBytes), 4096)
+	if err := decoder.Decode(namespaceRole); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	namespaceRole.Namespace = controllerNamespace
+	if err := apiClient.Create(f.ctx, namespaceRole); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	namespaceBinding := &rbacv1.RoleBinding{}
+	namespaceBinding.Name, namespaceBinding.Namespace = user, controllerNamespace
+	namespaceBinding.RoleRef = rbacv1.RoleRef{APIGroup: rbacv1.GroupName, Kind: "Role", Name: namespaceRole.Name}
+	namespaceBinding.Subjects = binding.Subjects
+	if err := apiClient.Create(f.ctx, namespaceBinding); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	config := rest.CopyConfig(f.config)
+	config.Impersonate.UserName = user
+	restrictedClient, err := client.New(config, client.Options{Scheme: apiClient.Scheme()})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	secret := &corev1.Secret{}
+	err = restrictedClient.Get(f.ctx, client.ObjectKey{Namespace: unrelatedNamespace, Name: secretName}, secret)
+	if !apierrors.IsForbidden(err) {
+		t.Fatal("Instance controller 可以跨 namespace 读取 Secret")
+	}
+	return config
+}

internal/database/adapter/postgresql/management.go

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+package postgresql
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/application"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/domain/instance"
+)
+
+// 只读取当前执行角色的属性，不能从可继承的角色成员关系推导 CREATEDB/CREATEROLE。
+// 所有事实来自同一条语句；不创建探针数据库，不修改管理账号或持久 schema。
+const inspectManagementStatement = `
+SELECT
+    pg_catalog.current_setting('server_version'),
+    ARRAY(SELECT name::text FROM pg_catalog.pg_available_extensions ORDER BY name),
+    role.rolsuper,
+    role.rolcreaterole,
+    role.rolcreatedb,
+    pg_catalog.pg_is_in_recovery() OR
+        pg_catalog.current_setting('transaction_read_only')::boolean
+FROM pg_catalog.pg_roles AS role
+WHERE role.rolname = current_user`
+
+func (d *database) InspectManagement(ctx context.Context) (application.DatabaseMetadata, error) {
+	var metadata application.DatabaseMetadata
+	var superuser, createRole, createDatabase, readOnly bool
+	err := d.pool.QueryRow(ctx, inspectManagementStatement).Scan(
+		&metadata.Version, &metadata.AvailableExtensions,
+		&superuser, &createRole, &createDatabase, &readOnly,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return application.DatabaseMetadata{}, safeError(err, application.ErrObservation)
+	}
+	checks := instance.ManagementChecks{
+		Connection: instance.CheckPassed,
+		Metadata:   instance.CheckPassed,
+		Roles:      nativePrivilege(createRole && !superuser),
+		Databases:  nativePrivilege(createDatabase && !superuser),
+		// CREATEROLE 可管理自己新建角色的 membership；供应时必须显式取得 SET 权限，
+		// 再以 owner 操作数据库 ACL。这里不授权操作任意导入角色或他人数据库。
+		Grants: nativePrivilege(createRole && createDatabase && !superuser),
+		// 新建数据库 owner 可安装 trusted 扩展。具体扩展仍需逐请求执行和回读，
+		// 非 trusted 扩展不能因出现在 available 列表就视为可安装。
+		Extensions: nativePrivilege(createRole && createDatabase && !superuser),
+	}
+	if readOnly {
+		checks.Databases = instance.CheckUnavailable
+	}
+	metadata.Management = checks
+	return metadata, nil
+}
+
+func nativePrivilege(allowed bool) instance.CheckResult {
+	if allowed {
+		return instance.CheckPassed
+	}
+	return instance.CheckInsufficientPrivileges
+}

internal/database/adapter/postgresql/management_integration_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+//go:build integration
+
+package postgresql_test
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5"
+	corev1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/application"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/domain/instance"
+)
+
+const nativeManager = "native_manager"
+
+func useNativeManager(t *testing.T, f *credentialFixture) {
+	t.Helper()
+	f.queryPostgres(t, "CREATE ROLE native_manager LOGIN CREATEDB CREATEROLE PASSWORD '"+fixturePassword+"'")
+	f.createSecret(t, controllerNamespace)
+	f.updateSecret(t, func(secret *corev1.Secret) { secret.Data[managementUsernameKey] = []byte(nativeManager) })
+}
+
+func assessManagement(t *testing.T, f *credentialFixture) instance.Snapshot {
+	t.Helper()
+	observation, err := f.service.ObserveManagement(f.ctx, f.target)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	aggregate, err := instance.Reconstitute(f.target, instance.Snapshot{}, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := aggregate.BeginValidation(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	capabilities, err := observation.Capabilities()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := aggregate.AssessManagement(capabilities); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return aggregate.Snapshot()
+}
+
+func TestNativeManagementPrivileges(t *testing.T) {
+	f := newCredentialFixture(t)
+	useNativeManager(t, f)
+	if snapshot := assessManagement(t, f); snapshot.Readiness != instance.Ready {
+		t.Fatal("原生非 superuser 管理账号未通过检查")
+	}
+	before := f.backendIDs(t)
+	for _, attribute := range []string{"NOCREATEROLE", "NOCREATEDB"} {
+		f.queryPostgres(t, "ALTER ROLE native_manager "+attribute)
+		if snapshot := assessManagement(t, f); snapshot.Failure != instance.InsufficientPrivileges {
+			t.Fatal("已有连接忽略了管理权限撤回")
+		}
+		f.queryPostgres(t, "ALTER ROLE native_manager CREATEROLE CREATEDB")
+		if snapshot := assessManagement(t, f); snapshot.Readiness != instance.Ready {
+			t.Fatal("管理权限恢复后无法重新就绪")
+		}
+	}
+	if f.backendIDs(t) != before {
+		t.Fatal("权限检查不应要求重建连接才生效")
+	}
+	f.queryPostgres(t, "ALTER ROLE native_manager SET default_transaction_read_only = on")
+	f.service.Forget(f.target.Identity().Name())
+	if snapshot := assessManagement(t, f); snapshot.Failure != instance.DependencyUnavailable {
+		t.Fatal("只读会话不应标记可供应")
+	}
+	f.queryPostgres(t, "ALTER ROLE native_manager RESET default_transaction_read_only")
+	f.service.Forget(f.target.Identity().Name())
+	if snapshot := assessManagement(t, f); snapshot.Readiness != instance.Ready {
+		t.Fatal("恢复可写会话后没有就绪")
+	}
+	f.updateSecret(t, func(secret *corev1.Secret) { secret.Data[managementUsernameKey] = []byte(fixtureUser) })
+	if snapshot := assessManagement(t, f); snapshot.Failure != instance.InsufficientPrivileges {
+		t.Fatal("不应以 superuser 绕过非特权账号合同")
+	}
+	reads := 0
+	f.gate.beforeRead = func() {
+		reads++
+		if reads == 2 {
+			f.updateSecret(t, func(secret *corev1.Secret) { secret.Data[managementPasswordKey] = []byte(rotatedPassword) })
+		}
+	}
+	observation, err := f.service.ObserveManagement(f.ctx, f.target)
+	if !errors.Is(err, application.ErrCredentialsChanged) || observation.Target().Validate() == nil {
+		t.Fatal("管理观察期间凭据轮换应丢弃全部能力结果")
+	}
+	if f.backendIDs(t) != "" {
+		t.Fatal("中途轮换后不应保留旧管理连接")
+	}
+}
+
+// 以实际非 superuser 会话验证能力矩阵的依据，不用超级用户执行 SQL 模拟管理账号。
+// 这些固定名称只存在于本测试独占容器，生产观察本身不会创建探针对象。
+func TestNativeManagementSupplyContract(t *testing.T) {
+	f := newCredentialFixture(t)
+	useNativeManager(t, f)
+	config, err := pgx.ParseConfig("")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("无法装配隔离测试连接")
+	}
+	config.Host, config.Port = fixtureAddress, uint16(f.port)
+	config.Database, config.User, config.Password = fixtureUser, nativeManager, fixturePassword
+	config.TLSConfig, config.Fallbacks = nil, nil
+	connection, err := pgx.ConnectConfig(f.ctx, config)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("非 superuser 测试连接失败")
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = connection.Close(context.Background()) })
+	execute := func(statement string) {
+		t.Helper()
+		if _, err := connection.Exec(f.ctx, statement); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("原生管理能力合同未满足，步骤 %q", statement)
+		}
+	}
+	execute("CREATE ROLE managed_owner LOGIN NOSUPERUSER NOCREATEDB NOCREATEROLE NOREPLICATION")
+	execute("GRANT managed_owner TO native_manager WITH SET TRUE")
+	execute("CREATE DATABASE managed_database OWNER managed_owner")
+	execute("SET ROLE managed_owner")
+	execute("REVOKE CONNECT ON DATABASE managed_database FROM PUBLIC")
+	execute("GRANT CONNECT ON DATABASE managed_database TO managed_owner")
+	execute("RESET ROLE")
+	config.Database = "managed_database"
+	tenantConnection, err := pgx.ConnectConfig(f.ctx, config)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("管理账号无法访问其受管数据库")
+	}
+	defer func() { _ = tenantConnection.Close(context.Background()) }()
+	if _, err := tenantConnection.Exec(f.ctx, "SET ROLE managed_owner; CREATE EXTENSION hstore"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("owner 无法安装 trusted 扩展")
+	}
+	var installed bool
+	if err := tenantConnection.QueryRow(f.ctx, "SELECT EXISTS (SELECT FROM pg_catalog.pg_extension WHERE extname = 'hstore')").Scan(&installed); err != nil || !installed {
+		t.Fatal("扩展安装后实际回读失败")
+	}
+	if _, err := tenantConnection.Exec(f.ctx, "CREATE EXTENSION file_fdw"); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("非 trusted 扩展不应被 Ready 隐式授权")
+	}
+	if err := tenantConnection.Close(f.ctx); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("关闭目标数据库连接失败")
+	}
+	execute("SET ROLE managed_owner")
+	execute("DROP DATABASE managed_database")
+	execute("RESET ROLE")
+	execute("DROP ROLE managed_owner")
+}

internal/database/application/binding_service.go

@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+package application
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/domain/binding"
+)
+
+// 快照版本只用于协调读写，不进入领域规则。Generation 用于确认整个申请未在回读期间变化。
+type BindingTenant struct {
+	binding.Tenant
+	Revision   string
+	Generation int64
+}
+
+type BindingDatabase struct {
+	binding.Database
+	Revision string
+}
+
+// BindingResources 是这个用例所需的操作，不是通用 Repository 或跨系统事务接口。
+// 查不到对象时返回 nil；写入必须检查传入快照的版本，不能覆盖并发修改。
+type BindingResources interface {
+	Tenant(context.Context, string, string) (*BindingTenant, error)
+	Database(context.Context, string) (*BindingDatabase, error)
+	Instance(context.Context, string) (*binding.Instance, error)
+	BeginBinding(context.Context, *BindingTenant, *BindingStatus) (*BindingTenant, error)
+	CreateDatabase(context.Context, binding.Target, binding.TenantIdentity) (*BindingDatabase, error)
+	RecordInstance(context.Context, *BindingDatabase, string) (*BindingDatabase, error)
+	BindDatabase(context.Context, *BindingDatabase, binding.TenantIdentity) (*BindingDatabase, error)
+}
+
+// BindingStatus 是用例结果，资源呈现层决定如何写成 Conditions/status。
+type BindingStatus struct {
+	Phase    string
+	Reason   string
+	Message  string
+	Database *binding.Identity
+}
+
+type BindingResult struct {
+	Tenant    *BindingTenant
+	Status    BindingStatus
+	RetrySoon bool
+}
+
+type BindingService struct {
+	Resources BindingResources
+}
+
+func (s BindingService) Reconcile(ctx context.Context, namespace, name string) (BindingResult, error) {
+	tenant, err := s.Resources.Tenant(ctx, namespace, name)
+	if err != nil || tenant == nil {
+		return BindingResult{}, err
+	}
+	if tenant.Deleting {
+		return bindingResult(tenant, binding.Deleting, "DeletionPending",
+			"删除清理尚未接入；保留 finalizer 和 Database 绑定，未执行后端删除"), nil
+	}
+	target, err := tenant.Request.Resolve(tenant.Identity)
+	if err != nil {
+		return bindingResult(tenant, tenant.Phase, "InvalidRequest", err.Error()), nil
+	}
+	// 持久固定申请，再创建/绑定资源；不是预先宣告双向绑定成功。
+	var checkpoint *BindingStatus
+	if tenant.Phase != binding.Binding && tenant.Phase != binding.Bound {
+		checkpoint = &BindingStatus{Phase: binding.Binding, Reason: "BindingPending", Message: "申请目标已固定，等待资源侧绑定"}
+	}
+	tenant, err = s.Resources.BeginBinding(ctx, tenant, checkpoint)
+	if err != nil {
+		return BindingResult{}, err
+	}
+	database, issue, err := s.resolveDatabase(ctx, tenant, target)
+	if err != nil {
+		return BindingResult{}, err
+	}
+	if issue != nil {
+		return bindingResult(tenant, tenant.Phase, issue.Reason, issue.Message), nil
+	}
+	if issue := database.CanBind(tenant.Tenant); issue != nil {
+		return bindingResult(tenant, tenant.Phase, issue.Reason, issue.Message), nil
+	}
+	database, err = s.Resources.BindDatabase(ctx, database, tenant.Identity)
+	if err != nil {
+		return BindingResult{}, err
+	}
+	return s.confirmBinding(ctx, tenant, database)
+}
+
+func (s BindingService) resolveDatabase(ctx context.Context, tenant *BindingTenant, target binding.Target) (
+	*BindingDatabase, *binding.Issue, error,
+) {
+	database, err := s.Resources.Database(ctx, target.Name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	if database == nil && target.Provision == nil {
+		return nil, &binding.Issue{Reason: binding.DependencyUnavailable, Message: "指定的 Database 尚不存在，等待资源出现"}, nil
+	}
+	instanceName := ""
+	var observed *binding.Database
+	if database != nil {
+		instanceName, observed = database.Instance, &database.Database
+	}
+	if target.Provision != nil {
+		instanceName = target.Provision.Instance
+		if database != nil && !database.MatchesProvision(target, tenant.Identity) {
+			return nil, &binding.Issue{Reason: binding.Conflict,
+				Message: "动态 Database 名称已存在，但目标或 Tenant UID 不匹配；请核实记录，未自动认领"}, nil
+		}
+	}
+	instance, err := s.Resources.Instance(ctx, instanceName)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	if instance == nil {
+		return nil, &binding.Issue{Reason: binding.DependencyUnavailable, Message: "引用的 Instance 尚不存在"}, nil
+	}
+	if issue := instance.Check(observed); issue != nil {
+		return nil, issue, nil
+	}
+	if database == nil {
+		database, err = s.Resources.CreateDatabase(ctx, target, tenant.Identity)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	// 只有首次动态记录可以补入实例身份；导入必须先有资源观察。
+	if database.InstanceUID == "" && target.Provision != nil {
+		database, err = s.Resources.RecordInstance(ctx, database, instance.Identity.UID)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	if database.InstanceUID == "" {
+		return nil, &binding.Issue{Reason: binding.DependencyUnavailable, Message: "Database 尚未完成实例身份验证"}, nil
+	}
+	return database, nil, nil
+}
+
+func (s BindingService) confirmBinding(ctx context.Context, tenant *BindingTenant, database *BindingDatabase) (BindingResult, error) {
+	latest, err := s.Resources.Tenant(ctx, tenant.Identity.Namespace, tenant.Identity.Name)
+	if err != nil || latest == nil {
+		return BindingResult{}, err
+	}
+	if latest.Identity != tenant.Identity || latest.Deleting {
+		return BindingResult{}, nil
+	}
+	if latest.Generation != tenant.Generation {
+		return BindingResult{RetrySoon: true}, nil
+	}
+	observed, err := s.Resources.Database(ctx, database.Identity.Name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return BindingResult{}, err
+	}
+	if observed == nil || observed.Identity != database.Identity || observed.Tenant == nil {
+		return bindingResult(latest, latest.Phase, binding.Conflict, "资源侧身份或绑定已变化，未完成申请侧绑定"), nil
+	}
+	if issue := observed.CanBind(latest.Tenant); issue != nil {
+		return bindingResult(latest, latest.Phase, issue.Reason, issue.Message), nil
+	}
+	result := bindingResult(latest, binding.Bound, "BindingComplete",
+		"双向绑定已记录；尚未执行供应、应用登录验证或凭据交付，不能 Ready")
+	result.Status.Database = &observed.Identity
+	return result, nil
+}
+
+func bindingResult(tenant *BindingTenant, phase, reason, message string) BindingResult {
+	return BindingResult{Tenant: tenant, Status: BindingStatus{Phase: phase, Reason: reason, Message: message}}
+}

internal/database/application/binding_service_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+package application
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/domain/binding"
+)
+
+const (
+	bindingReadTenant        = "tenant"
+	bindingBegin             = "begin"
+	bindingReadInstance      = "instance"
+	bindingCreate            = "create"
+	bindingRecordInstance    = "record-instance"
+	bindingWriteResource     = "bind"
+	bindingDatabaseOperation = "database"
+	bindingTestNamespace     = "apps"
+	bindingTestName          = "app"
+	bindingTestInstance      = "shared"
+)
+
+func TestBindingServiceOrder(t *testing.T) {
+	resources := bindingFixture()
+	service := BindingService{Resources: resources}
+	result, err := service.Reconcile(t.Context(), bindingTestNamespace, bindingTestName)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	want := []string{bindingReadTenant, bindingBegin, bindingDatabaseOperation, bindingReadInstance, bindingCreate, bindingRecordInstance, bindingWriteResource, bindingReadTenant, bindingDatabaseOperation}
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(resources.calls, want) {
+		t.Fatalf("协调顺序 = %v, want %v", resources.calls, want)
+	}
+	if result.Status.Phase != binding.Bound || result.Status.Database == nil || result.Status.Database.UID != "database-uid" {
+		t.Fatalf("绑定结果不符: %+v", result.Status)
+	}
+	if resources.tenant.Phase != binding.Binding || resources.tenant.Database != nil {
+		t.Fatal("service 只能返回待呈现结果，不能提前写申请侧绑定")
+	}
+	if resources.database.Tenant == nil || *resources.database.Tenant != resources.tenant.Identity {
+		t.Fatal("返回完成结果之前必须写入资源侧绑定")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBindingServiceStopsOnIOFailure(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, operation := range []string{bindingReadTenant, bindingBegin, bindingDatabaseOperation, bindingReadInstance, bindingCreate, bindingRecordInstance, bindingWriteResource} {
+		t.Run(operation, func(t *testing.T) {
+			resources := bindingFixture()
+			resources.failAt = operation
+			result, err := (BindingService{Resources: resources}).Reconcile(t.Context(), bindingTestNamespace, bindingTestName)
+			if !errors.Is(err, errBindingTest) || result.Status.Database != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("IO 失败不应被转换为绑定成功: result=%+v, err=%v", result, err)
+			}
+			if resources.calls[len(resources.calls)-1] != operation {
+				t.Fatalf("失败后继续执行了操作: %v", resources.calls)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBindingServiceDoesNotWriteWhenDeletingOrInvalid(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, deleting := range []bool{false, true} {
+		resources := bindingFixture()
+		resources.tenant.Deleting = deleting
+		resources.tenant.Request = binding.Request{}
+		result, err := (BindingService{Resources: resources}).Reconcile(t.Context(), bindingTestNamespace, bindingTestName)
+		if err != nil || len(resources.calls) != 1 || result.Status.Database != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("删除或无效申请不应触及资源: calls=%v, err=%v", resources.calls, err)
+		}
+		want := "InvalidRequest"
+		if deleting {
+			want = "DeletionPending"
+		}
+		if result.Status.Reason != want {
+			t.Fatalf("Reason = %s, want %s", result.Status.Reason, want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBindingServiceConfirmsIdentityAgain(t *testing.T) {
+	resources := bindingFixture()
+	resources.replaceOnReadback = true
+	result, err := (BindingService{Resources: resources}).Reconcile(t.Context(), bindingTestNamespace, bindingTestName)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if result.Status.Reason != binding.Conflict || result.Status.Database != nil {
+		t.Fatal("资源侧写入后发生身份变化时不能返回绑定完成")
+	}
+}
+
+// 这里只记录用例操作，不模拟 Kubernetes 校验；真实 IO 契约由 controller envtest 覆盖。
+type bindingTestResources struct {
+	tenant            *BindingTenant
+	database          *BindingDatabase
+	instance          *binding.Instance
+	calls             []string
+	failAt            string
+	replaceOnReadback bool
+	bound             bool
+}
+
+var errBindingTest = errors.New("injected resource operation failure")
+
+func bindingFixture() *bindingTestResources {
+	tenant := &BindingTenant{Generation: 1}
+	tenant.Tenant = binding.Tenant{
+		Identity: binding.TenantIdentity{Namespace: bindingTestNamespace, Name: bindingTestName, UID: "tenant-uid"},
+		Request:  binding.Request{Provision: &binding.ProvisionRequest{Instance: bindingTestInstance}},
+	}
+	return &bindingTestResources{
+		tenant:   tenant,
+		instance: &binding.Instance{Identity: binding.Identity{Name: bindingTestInstance, UID: "instance-uid"}, Ready: true},
+	}
+}
+
+func (r *bindingTestResources) record(operation string) error {
+	r.calls = append(r.calls, operation)
+	if r.failAt == operation {
+		return errBindingTest
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (r *bindingTestResources) Tenant(context.Context, string, string) (*BindingTenant, error) {
+	return r.tenant, r.record(bindingReadTenant)
+}
+
+func (r *bindingTestResources) Database(context.Context, string) (*BindingDatabase, error) {
+	if r.bound && r.replaceOnReadback {
+		replaced := *r.database
+		replaced.Identity.UID = "replacement"
+		return &replaced, r.record(bindingDatabaseOperation)
+	}
+	return r.database, r.record(bindingDatabaseOperation)
+}
+
+func (r *bindingTestResources) Instance(context.Context, string) (*binding.Instance, error) {
+	return r.instance, r.record(bindingReadInstance)
+}
+
+func (r *bindingTestResources) BeginBinding(_ context.Context, tenant *BindingTenant, status *BindingStatus) (*BindingTenant, error) {
+	if err := r.record(bindingBegin); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if status != nil {
+		r.tenant.Phase = status.Phase
+	}
+	return tenant, nil
+}
+
+func (r *bindingTestResources) CreateDatabase(_ context.Context, target binding.Target, tenant binding.TenantIdentity) (*BindingDatabase, error) {
+	if err := r.record(bindingCreate); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	r.database = &BindingDatabase{}
+	r.database.Database = binding.Database{
+		Identity: binding.Identity{Name: target.Name, UID: "database-uid"}, Tenant: &tenant,
+		Instance: target.Provision.Instance, Name: target.Provision.Database, LoginRole: target.Provision.LoginRole, Source: "Provision",
+	}
+	return r.database, nil
+}
+
+func (r *bindingTestResources) RecordInstance(_ context.Context, database *BindingDatabase, uid string) (*BindingDatabase, error) {
+	if err := r.record(bindingRecordInstance); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	database.InstanceUID = uid
+	return database, nil
+}
+
+func (r *bindingTestResources) BindDatabase(_ context.Context, database *BindingDatabase, tenant binding.TenantIdentity) (*BindingDatabase, error) {
+	if err := r.record(bindingWriteResource); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	database.Tenant = &tenant
+	r.bound = true
+	return database, nil
+}

internal/database/application/instance_reconciliation.go

@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+package application
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/domain/instance"
+)
+
+const (
+	instanceDependencyUnavailable = "DependencyUnavailable"
+	instanceAuthenticationFailed  = "AuthenticationFailed"
+)
+
+// InstanceRecord 是 API 快照；Revision 仅用于持久化并发保护，不是领域版本。
+type InstanceRecord struct {
+	Target   instance.ObservationTarget
+	Revision string
+	Deleting bool
+}
+
+type InstanceResources interface {
+	LoadInstance(context.Context, string) (*InstanceRecord, error)
+	ProtectInstance(context.Context, *InstanceRecord) (*InstanceRecord, error)
+	// InstanceReferences 返回一个可定位的阻塞引用；空字符串表示没有引用。
+	InstanceReferences(context.Context, string) (string, error)
+}
+
+type InstanceObserver interface {
+	ObserveManagement(context.Context, instance.ObservationTarget) (InstanceObservation, error)
+	Forget(string)
+}
+
+type InstanceResult struct {
+	Record           *InstanceRecord
+	Snapshot         instance.Snapshot
+	Reason           string
+	Message          string
+	RemoveProtection bool
+}
+
+// InstanceReconciliation 协调 API 保护、实时观察和领域判断，不拼装 Kubernetes status。
+type InstanceReconciliation struct {
+	Resources InstanceResources
+	Observer  InstanceObserver
+}
+
+func (s *InstanceReconciliation) Reconcile(ctx context.Context, name string) (InstanceResult, error) {
+	record, err := s.Resources.LoadInstance(ctx, name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return InstanceResult{}, err
+	}
+	if record == nil {
+		s.Observer.Forget(name)
+		return InstanceResult{}, nil
+	}
+	if record.Deleting {
+		return s.deleting(ctx, record)
+	}
+	record, err = s.Resources.ProtectInstance(ctx, record)
+	if err != nil {
+		return InstanceResult{}, err
+	}
+	// 每轮从无证据的领域对象开始；持久化 Ready 和连接存活不能替代本轮检查。
+	aggregate, err := instance.Reconstitute(record.Target, instance.Snapshot{}, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		return InstanceResult{}, err
+	}
+	if err := aggregate.BeginValidation(); err != nil {
+		return InstanceResult{}, err
+	}
+	observation, observationErr := s.Observer.ObserveManagement(ctx, record.Target)
+	result := InstanceResult{Record: record}
+	if observationErr != nil {
+		result.Snapshot = aggregate.Snapshot()
+		result.Snapshot.Readiness = instance.NotReady
+		result.Snapshot.ObservedRevision = record.Target.Revision().Value()
+		result.Reason, result.Message = observationFailure(observationErr)
+		return result, nil
+	}
+	capabilities, err := observation.Capabilities()
+	if err != nil {
+		return InstanceResult{}, err
+	}
+	if err := aggregate.AssessManagement(capabilities); err != nil {
+		return InstanceResult{}, err
+	}
+	result.Snapshot = aggregate.Snapshot()
+	result.Snapshot.ReportedVersion = observation.Version()
+	result.Reason, result.Message = managementResult(result.Snapshot.Failure)
+	return result, nil
+}
+
+func (s *InstanceReconciliation) deleting(ctx context.Context, record *InstanceRecord) (InstanceResult, error) {
+	name := record.Target.Identity().Name()
+	s.Observer.Forget(name)
+	aggregate, err := instance.Reconstitute(record.Target, instance.Snapshot{}, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		return InstanceResult{}, err
+	}
+	if err := aggregate.BeginDeletion(); err != nil {
+		return InstanceResult{}, err
+	}
+	result := InstanceResult{Record: record, Snapshot: aggregate.Snapshot(), Reason: "Deleting"}
+	reference, err := s.Resources.InstanceReferences(ctx, name)
+	if err != nil {
+		result.Reason = instanceDependencyUnavailable
+		result.Message = "无法确认 Database/Tenant 引用已解除；保留 Instance 删除保护并重试"
+		return result, nil
+	}
+	if reference != "" {
+		result.Reason = "InstanceInUse"
+		result.Message = "仍被 " + reference + " 引用；先处理该资源，不会级联删除外部数据库"
+		return result, nil
+	}
+	result.Message = "引用已解除，仅移除登记保护；不删除 PostgreSQL 或凭据"
+	result.RemoveProtection = true
+	return result, nil
+}
+
+func observationFailure(err error) (string, string) {
+	switch {
+	case errors.Is(err, ErrAuthentication):
+		return instanceAuthenticationFailed, "管理连接认证或 TLS 校验失败；检查管理 Secret 和 CA/证书配置"
+	case errors.Is(err, ErrCredentialsInvalid):
+		return "InvalidCredentials", "管理 Secret 的用户名或密码字段缺失；检查引用字段映射"
+	case errors.Is(err, ErrCredentialsChanged):
+		return "CredentialsChanged", "观察期间管理凭据变化，已丢弃结果并关闭旧连接；等待重新验证"
+	case errors.Is(err, ErrCredentialsUnavailable):
+		return instanceDependencyUnavailable, "无法读取管理 Secret；检查其是否存在及 controller namespace 内的读取权限"
+	default:
+		return instanceDependencyUnavailable, "管理连接或能力查询失败；检查 PostgreSQL 可达性、catalog 读取权限和超时"
+	}
+}
+
+func managementResult(failure instance.Failure) (string, string) {
+	switch failure {
+	case instance.NoFailure:
+		return "ManagementReady", "当前管理能力检查通过；具体资源授权和扩展安装仍需执行时验证"
+	case instance.InsufficientPrivileges:
+		return "InsufficientPrivileges", "原生管理要求非 superuser 且具备 CREATEDB/CREATEROLE；不会自动修改账号权限"
+	case instance.DependencyUnavailable:
+		return instanceDependencyUnavailable, "当前 PostgreSQL 不可写或所需管理能力暂不可用"
+	case instance.AuthenticationFailed:
+		return instanceAuthenticationFailed, "当前管理能力检查未通过认证"
+	default:
+		return "ObservationIncomplete", "管理能力检查尚有缺项，不能仅凭 metadata 查询成功标记 Ready"
+	}
+}

internal/database/application/instance_reconciliation_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+package application
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/domain/instance"
+)
+
+func TestInstanceFailurePresentation(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		err    error
+		reason string
+	}{
+		{ErrAuthentication, "AuthenticationFailed"},
+		{ErrCredentialsInvalid, "InvalidCredentials"},
+		{ErrCredentialsChanged, "CredentialsChanged"},
+		{ErrCredentialsUnavailable, instanceDependencyUnavailable},
+		{context.DeadlineExceeded, instanceDependencyUnavailable},
+		{errors.New("private backend detail"), instanceDependencyUnavailable},
+	}
+	for _, test := range cases {
+		reason, message := observationFailure(test.err)
+		if reason != test.reason || message == "" || message == test.err.Error() {
+			t.Fatal("观察失败没有安全且可诊断的状态")
+		}
+	}
+	for _, failure := range []instance.Failure{
+		instance.NoFailure, instance.ObservationIncomplete, instance.DependencyUnavailable,
+		instance.AuthenticationFailed, instance.InsufficientPrivileges,
+	} {
+		reason, message := managementResult(failure)
+		if reason == "" || message == "" || (reason == "ManagementReady") != (failure == instance.NoFailure) {
+			t.Fatal("领域能力判定与状态不一致")
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMetadataCannotEstablishManagementReadiness(t *testing.T) {
+	source := &sourceStub{}
+	source.credentials, _ = NewCredentials("test", serviceTestPassword)
+	connector := &connectorStub{}
+	service, err := NewInstanceService(source, connector)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer service.Close()
+	target := serviceTarget(t, "uid", "postgres.test", "management", 1)
+	if _, err := service.ObserveMetadata(t.Context(), target); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	connector.databases[0].metadata.Management = instance.ManagementChecks{
+		Connection: instance.CheckPassed, Metadata: instance.CheckPassed,
+		Roles: instance.CheckPassed, Databases: instance.CheckPassed,
+		Grants: instance.CheckPassed, Extensions: instance.CheckPassed,
+	}
+	observation, err := service.ObserveMetadata(t.Context(), target)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	capabilities, err := observation.Capabilities()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	aggregate, err := instance.Reconstitute(target, instance.Snapshot{}, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := aggregate.BeginValidation(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := aggregate.AssessManagement(capabilities); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if aggregate.Snapshot().Failure != instance.ObservationIncomplete {
+		t.Fatal("metadata 入口不应携带完整管理检查")
+	}
+}

internal/database/application/instance_service.go

@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ var (
 // Metadata 只查询版本与可用扩展，不能产生领域 Ready。
 type Database interface {
 	InspectMetadata(context.Context) (DatabaseMetadata, error)
+	InspectManagement(context.Context) (DatabaseMetadata, error)
 	Close()
 }
 
@@ -82,17 +83,26 @@ func (s *InstanceService) ObserveVersion(ctx context.Context, target instance.Ob
 
 // ObserveMetadata 返回当前目标和凭据下的版本与扩展；任何失败均丢弃全部结果。
 // 调用者仍需使用 CR resourceVersion 保存前提防止 spec 并发修改；本方法不建立跨系统事务。
-func (s *InstanceService) ObserveMetadata(ctx context.Context, target instance.ObservationTarget) (MetadataObservation, error) {
+func (s *InstanceService) ObserveMetadata(ctx context.Context, target instance.ObservationTarget) (InstanceObservation, error) {
+	return s.observe(ctx, target, false)
+}
+
+// ObserveManagement 复用同一凭据刷新与回读边界，但每轮重新检查原生管理能力。
+func (s *InstanceService) ObserveManagement(ctx context.Context, target instance.ObservationTarget) (InstanceObservation, error) {
+	return s.observe(ctx, target, true)
+}
+
+func (s *InstanceService) observe(ctx context.Context, target instance.ObservationTarget, management bool) (InstanceObservation, error) {
 	if err := target.Validate(); err != nil {
-		return MetadataObservation{}, err
+		return InstanceObservation{}, err
 	}
 	s.mu.Lock()
 	defer s.mu.Unlock()
 	if s.closed {
-		return MetadataObservation{}, ErrClosed
+		return InstanceObservation{}, ErrClosed
 	}
 	if err := ctx.Err(); err != nil {
-		return MetadataObservation{}, err
+		return InstanceObservation{}, err
 	}
 
 	// 先读取有效凭据。读取失败时不得继续使用缓存中的旧连接。
@@ -100,11 +110,11 @@ func (s *InstanceService) ObserveMetadata(ctx context.Context, target instance.O
 	credentials, err := s.source.Read(ctx, target.Definition().AdminCredential())
 	if err != nil {
 		s.release(name)
-		return MetadataObservation{}, credentialError(err)
+		return InstanceObservation{}, credentialError(err)
 	}
 	if credentials.username == "" || credentials.password == "" {
 		s.release(name)
-		return MetadataObservation{}, ErrCredentialsInvalid
+		return InstanceObservation{}, ErrCredentialsInvalid
 	}
 
 	// 连接身份与有效值均未变化时复用 pgxpool；generation 本身不要求换池。
@@ -117,7 +127,7 @@ func (s *InstanceService) ObserveMetadata(ctx context.Context, target instance.O
 	if current == nil {
 		database, err := s.connector.Connect(ctx, target.Definition().Endpoint(), credentials)
 		if err != nil {
-			return MetadataObservation{}, err
+			return InstanceObservation{}, err
 		}
 		current = &entry{
 			target:      target,
@@ -127,30 +137,38 @@ func (s *InstanceService) ObserveMetadata(ctx context.Context, target instance.O
 		s.entries[name] = current
 	}
 
-	metadata, err := current.database.InspectMetadata(ctx)
+	var metadata DatabaseMetadata
+	if management {
+		metadata, err = current.database.InspectManagement(ctx)
+	} else {
+		metadata, err = current.database.InspectMetadata(ctx)
+		// 即使 adapter 误填权限，也不能把只读 metadata 入口升级为 Ready。
+		metadata.Management = instance.ManagementChecks{}
+	}
 	if err != nil {
 		s.release(name)
-		return MetadataObservation{}, err
+		return InstanceObservation{}, err
 	}
 	if metadata.Version == "" {
 		s.release(name)
-		return MetadataObservation{}, ErrObservation
+		return InstanceObservation{}, ErrObservation
 	}
 
 	// 回读后再检查凭据，避免把轮换前取得的结果交给新凭据的调用链。
 	latest, err := s.source.Read(ctx, target.Definition().AdminCredential())
 	if err != nil {
 		s.release(name)
-		return MetadataObservation{}, credentialError(err)
+		return InstanceObservation{}, credentialError(err)
 	}
 	if latest != credentials {
 		s.release(name)
-		return MetadataObservation{}, ErrCredentialsChanged
+		return InstanceObservation{}, ErrCredentialsChanged
 	}
-	return MetadataObservation{
+	return InstanceObservation{
 		target:     target,
 		version:    metadata.Version,
 		extensions: instance.ObserveExtensionSupport(metadata.AvailableExtensions),
+		management: metadata.Management,
 	}, nil
 }
 

internal/database/application/instance_service_test.go

@@ -42,6 +42,10 @@ type databaseStub struct {
 	metadata DatabaseMetadata
 }
 
+func (d *databaseStub) InspectManagement(ctx context.Context) (DatabaseMetadata, error) {
+	return d.InspectMetadata(ctx)
+}
+
 func (d *databaseStub) InspectMetadata(context.Context) (DatabaseMetadata, error) {
 	return d.metadata, d.err
 }

internal/database/application/metadata.go

@@ -18,23 +18,31 @@ package application
 
 import "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/domain/instance"
 
-// DatabaseMetadata 是一次只读查询的事实，不包含管理权限或完整就绪结论。
+// DatabaseMetadata 是一次只读查询的事实，可附带原生管理检查，但不包含就绪结论。
 // AvailableExtensions 是服务器提供的可用列表，不是已安装列表或安装授权。
 type DatabaseMetadata struct {
 	Version             string
 	AvailableExtensions []string
+	// Management 仅由 InspectManagement 填充；metadata 查询必须保持未观察。
+	Management instance.ManagementChecks
 }
 
-// MetadataObservation 只在查询成功且有效凭据再次核对一致后产生。
+// InstanceObservation 只在查询成功且有效凭据再次核对一致后产生。
 // target 绑定本次调用，而非连接最初创建时的 generation；零值表示没有观察。
-type MetadataObservation struct {
+type InstanceObservation struct {
 	target     instance.ObservationTarget
 	version    string
 	extensions instance.ExtensionSupport
+	management instance.ManagementChecks
 }
 
-func (o MetadataObservation) Target() instance.ObservationTarget { return o.target }
+// Capabilities 保留缺项为未观察；不能从 metadata 的成功补齐管理检查。
-func (o MetadataObservation) Version() string                    { return o.version }
+func (o InstanceObservation) Capabilities() (instance.CapabilityObservation, error) {
-func (o MetadataObservation) Extensions() instance.ExtensionSupport {
+	return instance.NewCapabilityObservation(o.target, o.version, o.management)
+}
+
+func (o InstanceObservation) Target() instance.ObservationTarget { return o.target }
+func (o InstanceObservation) Version() string                    { return o.version }
+func (o InstanceObservation) Extensions() instance.ExtensionSupport {
 	return o.extensions
 }

internal/database/controller/binding_controller.go

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+// Package controller 将 Database 用例接入 Kubernetes 事件和重试调度。
+package controller
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"time"
+
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/adapter/kubernetes"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/application"
+	ctrl "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/client"
+)
+
+const dependencyRetry = 30 * time.Second
+
+type BindingReconciler struct {
+	Client client.Client
+	Reader client.Reader
+}
+
+// +kubebuilder:rbac:groups=database.ayatori.ddupan.top,resources=postgresqltenants,verbs=get;list;watch;update;patch
+// +kubebuilder:rbac:groups=database.ayatori.ddupan.top,resources=postgresqltenants/status,verbs=get;update;patch
+// +kubebuilder:rbac:groups=database.ayatori.ddupan.top,resources=postgresqltenants/finalizers,verbs=update
+// +kubebuilder:rbac:groups=database.ayatori.ddupan.top,resources=postgresqldatabases,verbs=get;list;watch;create;update;patch
+// +kubebuilder:rbac:groups=database.ayatori.ddupan.top,resources=postgresqldatabases/status,verbs=get;update;patch
+// +kubebuilder:rbac:groups=database.ayatori.ddupan.top,resources=postgresqldatabases/finalizers,verbs=update
+// +kubebuilder:rbac:groups=database.ayatori.ddupan.top,resources=postgresqlinstances,verbs=get;list;watch
+
+func (r *BindingReconciler) Reconcile(ctx context.Context, request ctrl.Request) (ctrl.Result, error) {
+	resources := &kubernetes.BindingResources{Client: r.Client, Reader: r.Reader}
+	service := application.BindingService{Resources: resources}
+	result, err := service.Reconcile(ctx, request.Namespace, request.Name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ctrl.Result{}, err
+	}
+	if err := resources.Present(ctx, result); err != nil {
+		return ctrl.Result{}, err
+	}
+	if result.RetrySoon {
+		return ctrl.Result{RequeueAfter: time.Millisecond}, nil
+	}
+	if result.Tenant == nil {
+		return ctrl.Result{}, nil
+	}
+	// watch 是主入口，低频重查覆盖依赖事件映射失败，不做冲突忙循环。
+	return ctrl.Result{RequeueAfter: dependencyRetry}, nil
+}

internal/database/controller/binding_controller_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,518 @@
+package controller
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	databasev1alpha1 "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/api/database/v1alpha1"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/adapter/kubernetes"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/application"
+	corev1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+	rbacv1 "k8s.io/api/rbac/v1"
+	apierrors "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/errors"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/meta"
+	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/rest"
+	ctrl "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/client"
+	controllerconfig "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/config"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/controller/controllerutil"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/envtest"
+	metricsserver "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/metrics/server"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/yaml"
+)
+
+const (
+	bindingNamespace  = "binding-tests"
+	phaseBinding      = "Binding"
+	phaseBound        = "Bound"
+	reasonConflict    = "Conflict"
+	reasonDependency  = "DependencyUnavailable"
+	TenantFinalizer   = kubernetes.TenantFinalizer
+	DatabaseFinalizer = kubernetes.DatabaseFinalizer
+)
+
+func targetDatabaseName(tenant *databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLTenant) string {
+	return "tenant-" + string(tenant.UID)
+}
+
+func tenantReference(tenant *databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLTenant) *databasev1alpha1.TenantReference {
+	return &databasev1alpha1.TenantReference{
+		Namespace: tenant.Namespace, Name: databasev1alpha1.ObjectName(tenant.Name), UID: tenant.UID,
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBindingController(t *testing.T) {
+	apiClient, config, scheme := bindingEnvironment(t)
+	t.Run("动态申请和幂等重试", func(t *testing.T) { testDynamicBinding(t, apiClient) })
+	t.Run("双向写入之间重启", func(t *testing.T) { testBindingRestart(t, apiClient) })
+	t.Run("并发申请只有一个绑定", func(t *testing.T) { testConcurrentBinding(t, apiClient) })
+	t.Run("Released和同名重建", func(t *testing.T) { testBindingIdentity(t, apiClient) })
+	t.Run("目标固定与删除保护", func(t *testing.T) { testBindingProtection(t, apiClient) })
+	t.Run("拒绝陈旧观察和新实例身份", func(t *testing.T) { testStaleObservation(t, apiClient) })
+	t.Run("呈现结果不覆盖并发修改", func(t *testing.T) { testPresentationVersion(t, apiClient) })
+	t.Run("依赖稍后出现的watch", func(t *testing.T) { testBindingWatch(t, apiClient, config, scheme) })
+}
+
+func bindingEnvironment(t *testing.T) (client.Client, *rest.Config, *runtime.Scheme) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if os.Getenv("KUBEBUILDER_ASSETS") == "" {
+		t.Skip("运行 make test 启动真实 API server")
+	}
+	scheme := runtime.NewScheme()
+	if err := databasev1alpha1.AddToScheme(scheme); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := corev1.AddToScheme(scheme); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := rbacv1.AddToScheme(scheme); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	crdPath, err := filepath.Abs("../../../config/crd/bases")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	environment := &envtest.Environment{CRDDirectoryPaths: []string{crdPath}, ErrorIfCRDPathMissing: true}
+	config, err := environment.Start()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		if err := environment.Stop(); err != nil {
+			t.Error(err)
+		}
+	})
+	apiClient, err := client.New(config, client.Options{Scheme: scheme})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	namespace := &corev1.Namespace{}
+	namespace.Name = bindingNamespace
+	requireCreate(t, apiClient, namespace)
+	return apiClient, config, scheme
+}
+
+func testDynamicBinding(t *testing.T, apiClient client.Client) {
+	instance := readyInstance(t, apiClient, "dynamic-instance")
+	tenant := provisionTenant("dynamic", instance.Name)
+	requireCreate(t, apiClient, tenant)
+	reconciler := &BindingReconciler{Client: apiClient, Reader: apiClient}
+	reconcileOK(t, reconciler, tenant)
+	reload(t, apiClient, tenant)
+	if tenant.Status.DatabaseRef == nil || tenant.Status.Phase != phaseBound {
+		t.Fatal("动态申请未建立双向绑定")
+	}
+	database := &databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabase{}
+	database.Name = targetDatabaseName(tenant)
+	reload(t, apiClient, database)
+	if database.Spec.Database != "dynamic" || database.Spec.LoginRole != "dynamic" ||
+		database.Spec.ReclaimPolicy != databasev1alpha1.ReclaimRetain ||
+		*database.Spec.TenantRef != *tenantReference(tenant) || database.Status.InstanceUID != instance.UID {
+		t.Fatal("动态资源目标、默认值或身份不符")
+	}
+	if len(database.OwnerReferences) != 0 || !controllerutil.ContainsFinalizer(database, DatabaseFinalizer) {
+		t.Fatal("Database 不应随 Tenant GC，且必须先有删除保护")
+	}
+	beforeTenant, beforeDatabase := tenant.ResourceVersion, database.ResourceVersion
+	reconcileOK(t, reconciler, tenant)
+	reload(t, apiClient, tenant)
+	reload(t, apiClient, database)
+	if tenant.ResourceVersion != beforeTenant || database.ResourceVersion != beforeDatabase {
+		t.Fatal("幂等重试产生了无意义写入")
+	}
+	assertNotReady(t, tenant, "BindingComplete")
+}
+
+// 只在真实 API 调用边界注入错误，底层仍使用 API server 的并发、status 与 CEL 语义。
+type failedTenantStatusClient struct {
+	client.Client
+}
+
+func (c *failedTenantStatusClient) Status() client.SubResourceWriter {
+	return &failedTenantStatusWriter{SubResourceWriter: c.Client.Status()}
+}
+
+type failedTenantStatusWriter struct {
+	client.SubResourceWriter
+}
+
+func (w *failedTenantStatusWriter) Update(ctx context.Context, object client.Object, options ...client.SubResourceUpdateOption) error {
+	if tenant, ok := object.(*databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLTenant); ok && tenant.Status.DatabaseRef != nil {
+		return errors.New("injected tenant status write failure")
+	}
+	return w.SubResourceWriter.Update(ctx, object, options...)
+}
+
+func testBindingRestart(t *testing.T, apiClient client.Client) {
+	instance := readyInstance(t, apiClient, "restart-instance")
+	tenant := provisionTenant("restart", instance.Name)
+	requireCreate(t, apiClient, tenant)
+	first := &BindingReconciler{Client: &failedTenantStatusClient{Client: apiClient}, Reader: apiClient}
+	if _, err := first.Reconcile(t.Context(), ctrl.Request{NamespacedName: client.ObjectKeyFromObject(tenant)}); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("预期第二次绑定写入失败")
+	}
+	reload(t, apiClient, tenant)
+	if tenant.Status.DatabaseRef != nil || tenant.Status.Phase != phaseBinding {
+		t.Fatal("失败后不应伪造申请侧完成")
+	}
+	database := &databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabase{}
+	database.Name = targetDatabaseName(tenant)
+	reload(t, apiClient, database)
+	if database.Spec.TenantRef == nil || database.Spec.TenantRef.UID != tenant.UID {
+		t.Fatal("失败后资源侧绑定不应回滚")
+	}
+	// 新建 reconciler，无旧内存，只从 API 中读取进度。
+	restarted := &BindingReconciler{Client: apiClient, Reader: apiClient}
+	reconcileOK(t, restarted, tenant)
+	reload(t, apiClient, tenant)
+	if tenant.Status.DatabaseRef == nil || tenant.Status.DatabaseRef.UID != database.UID {
+		t.Fatal("重启后未补齐同一资源绑定")
+	}
+}
+
+func testConcurrentBinding(t *testing.T, apiClient client.Client) {
+	instance := readyInstance(t, apiClient, "concurrent-instance")
+	database := availableDatabase(t, apiClient, "concurrent-db", instance)
+	tenants := []*databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLTenant{
+		existingTenant("contender-one", database.Name), existingTenant("contender-two", database.Name),
+	}
+	for _, tenant := range tenants {
+		requireCreate(t, apiClient, tenant)
+	}
+	var workers sync.WaitGroup
+	results := make(chan error, len(tenants))
+	for _, tenant := range tenants {
+		workers.Go(func() {
+			reconciler := &BindingReconciler{Client: apiClient, Reader: apiClient}
+			_, err := reconciler.Reconcile(t.Context(), ctrl.Request{NamespacedName: client.ObjectKeyFromObject(tenant)})
+			results <- err
+		})
+	}
+	workers.Wait()
+	close(results)
+	for err := range results {
+		if err != nil && !apierrors.IsConflict(err) {
+			t.Fatalf("并发协调出现非版本冲突错误: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+	reconciler := &BindingReconciler{Client: apiClient, Reader: apiClient}
+	bound := 0
+	for _, tenant := range tenants {
+		reconcileOK(t, reconciler, tenant)
+		reload(t, apiClient, tenant)
+		if tenant.Status.DatabaseRef != nil {
+			bound++
+		} else {
+			assertNotReady(t, tenant, reasonConflict)
+		}
+	}
+	if bound != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("绑定申请数 = %d, want 1", bound)
+	}
+}
+
+func testBindingIdentity(t *testing.T, apiClient client.Client) {
+	instance := readyInstance(t, apiClient, "identity-instance")
+	database := availableDatabase(t, apiClient, "released-db", instance)
+	database.Spec.TenantRef = &databasev1alpha1.TenantReference{
+		Namespace: bindingNamespace, Name: "identity", UID: "previous-tenant-uid",
+	}
+	if err := apiClient.Update(t.Context(), database); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	database.Status.Phase = "Released"
+	if err := apiClient.Status().Update(t.Context(), database); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	tenant := existingTenant("identity", database.Name)
+	requireCreate(t, apiClient, tenant)
+	reconciler := &BindingReconciler{Client: apiClient, Reader: apiClient}
+	reconcileOK(t, reconciler, tenant)
+	reload(t, apiClient, tenant)
+	assertNotReady(t, tenant, reasonConflict)
+	if tenant.Status.DatabaseRef != nil {
+		t.Fatal("同名新 Tenant 不应继承旧 UID 的绑定")
+	}
+	// 同名动态记录没有匹配 UID，不能通过名称猜测这是先前创建的资源。
+	dynamic := provisionTenant("collision", instance.Name)
+	requireCreate(t, apiClient, dynamic)
+	collision := availableDatabase(t, apiClient, targetDatabaseName(dynamic), instance)
+	reconcileOK(t, reconciler, dynamic)
+	reload(t, apiClient, dynamic)
+	assertNotReady(t, dynamic, reasonConflict)
+	reload(t, apiClient, collision)
+	if collision.Spec.TenantRef != nil {
+		t.Fatal("同名未知记录被认领")
+	}
+}
+
+func testBindingProtection(t *testing.T, apiClient client.Client) {
+	tenant := provisionTenant("protection", "missing-instance")
+	requireCreate(t, apiClient, tenant)
+	reconciler := &BindingReconciler{Client: apiClient, Reader: apiClient}
+	reconcileOK(t, reconciler, tenant)
+	reload(t, apiClient, tenant)
+	assertNotReady(t, tenant, reasonDependency)
+	original := tenant.DeepCopy()
+	tenant.Spec.Provision.InstanceRef.Name = "other-instance"
+	if err := apiClient.Update(t.Context(), tenant); !apierrors.IsInvalid(err) {
+		t.Fatalf("Binding 后目标修改 = %v, want Invalid", err)
+	}
+	tenant = original
+	if err := apiClient.Delete(t.Context(), tenant); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	reconcileOK(t, reconciler, tenant)
+	reload(t, apiClient, tenant)
+	if tenant.DeletionTimestamp.IsZero() || !controllerutil.ContainsFinalizer(tenant, TenantFinalizer) {
+		t.Fatal("未实现清理时不应提前移除删除保护")
+	}
+	assertNotReady(t, tenant, "DeletionPending")
+}
+
+func testStaleObservation(t *testing.T, apiClient client.Client) {
+	instance := readyInstance(t, apiClient, "stale-instance")
+	database := availableDatabase(t, apiClient, "stale-database", instance)
+	// 被观察后不能更换实际数据库目标，修改回收策略仍允许。
+	changed := database.DeepCopy()
+	changed.Spec.Database = "different"
+	if err := apiClient.Update(t.Context(), changed); !apierrors.IsInvalid(err) {
+		t.Fatalf("已观察目标修改 = %v, want Invalid", err)
+	}
+	database.Spec.ReclaimPolicy = databasev1alpha1.ReclaimDelete
+	if err := apiClient.Update(t.Context(), database); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	tenant := existingTenant("stale", database.Name)
+	requireCreate(t, apiClient, tenant)
+	reconciler := &BindingReconciler{Client: apiClient, Reader: apiClient}
+	reconcileOK(t, reconciler, tenant)
+	reload(t, apiClient, tenant)
+	assertNotReady(t, tenant, reasonDependency)
+	// 即使同名新 Instance 已 Ready，也不能覆盖 Database 记录的旧 Instance UID。
+	if err := apiClient.Delete(t.Context(), instance); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	readyInstance(t, apiClient, instance.Name)
+	reconcileOK(t, reconciler, tenant)
+	reload(t, apiClient, tenant)
+	assertNotReady(t, tenant, reasonConflict)
+}
+
+func testBindingWatch(t *testing.T, apiClient client.Client, config *rest.Config, scheme *runtime.Scheme) {
+	controllerConfig := bindingControllerConfig(t, apiClient, config)
+	// controller-runtime 的名称登记跨 manager 生命周期保留；允许 go test -count 重复顺序启动。
+	// 每轮 cleanup 等待旧 manager 退出，生产 manager 不关闭名称校验。
+	skipRepeatedTestName := true
+	manager, err := ctrl.NewManager(controllerConfig, ctrl.Options{
+		Scheme: scheme, Metrics: metricsserver.Options{BindAddress: "0"}, HealthProbeBindAddress: "0",
+		Controller: controllerconfig.Controller{SkipNameValidation: &skipRepeatedTestName},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	reconciler := &BindingReconciler{}
+	if err := reconciler.SetupWithManager(t.Context(), manager); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(t.Context())
+	done := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() { done <- manager.Start(ctx) }()
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		cancel()
+		select {
+		case err := <-done:
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Error(err)
+			}
+		case <-time.After(10 * time.Second):
+			t.Error("manager 未及时停止")
+		}
+	})
+	if !manager.GetCache().WaitForCacheSync(ctx) {
+		t.Fatal("cache 未同步")
+	}
+	tenant := existingTenant("watch", "late-database")
+	requireCreate(t, apiClient, tenant)
+	waitForTenant(t, apiClient, tenant, func(current *databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLTenant) bool {
+		condition := meta.FindStatusCondition(current.Status.Conditions, "Ready")
+		return condition != nil && condition.Reason == reasonDependency
+	})
+	instance := readyInstance(t, apiClient, "late-instance")
+	availableDatabase(t, apiClient, "late-database", instance)
+	// 小于低频重试周期，只能靠 informer/watch 事件收敛，而不是手工调用 Reconcile。
+	waitForTenant(t, apiClient, tenant, func(current *databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLTenant) bool {
+		return current.Status.Phase == phaseBound && current.Status.DatabaseRef != nil
+	})
+}
+
+func testPresentationVersion(t *testing.T, apiClient client.Client) {
+	instance := readyInstance(t, apiClient, "presentation-instance")
+	tenant := provisionTenant("presentation", instance.Name)
+	requireCreate(t, apiClient, tenant)
+	resources := &kubernetes.BindingResources{Client: apiClient, Reader: apiClient}
+	service := application.BindingService{Resources: resources}
+	result, err := service.Reconcile(t.Context(), tenant.Namespace, tenant.Name)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	// 用例完成资源侧写入后，模拟另一个客户端修改不属于绑定目标的字段。
+	reload(t, apiClient, tenant)
+	tenant.Spec.SecretName = "updated-delivery"
+	tenant.Annotations = map[string]string{"example.test/keep": "preserved"}
+	if err := apiClient.Update(t.Context(), tenant); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := resources.Present(t.Context(), result); !apierrors.IsConflict(err) {
+		t.Fatalf("过期结果呈现 = %v, want Conflict", err)
+	}
+	reconcileOK(t, &BindingReconciler{Client: apiClient, Reader: apiClient}, tenant)
+	reload(t, apiClient, tenant)
+	if tenant.Status.Phase != phaseBound || tenant.Spec.SecretName != "updated-delivery" ||
+		tenant.Annotations["example.test/keep"] != "preserved" {
+		t.Fatal("重新协调未完成绑定或覆盖了其他字段")
+	}
+}
+
+func bindingControllerConfig(t *testing.T, apiClient client.Client, config *rest.Config) *rest.Config {
+	t.Helper()
+	content, err := os.ReadFile("../../../config/rbac/role.yaml")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	role := &rbacv1.ClusterRole{}
+	if err := yaml.Unmarshal(content, role); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	requireCreate(t, apiClient, role)
+	binding := &rbacv1.ClusterRoleBinding{}
+	binding.Name = "binding-controller-test"
+	binding.RoleRef = rbacv1.RoleRef{APIGroup: rbacv1.GroupName, Kind: "ClusterRole", Name: role.Name}
+	binding.Subjects = []rbacv1.Subject{{APIGroup: rbacv1.GroupName, Kind: "User", Name: binding.Name}}
+	requireCreate(t, apiClient, binding)
+	controllerConfig := rest.CopyConfig(config)
+	controllerConfig.Impersonate = rest.ImpersonationConfig{UserName: binding.Name}
+	restricted, err := client.New(controllerConfig, client.Options{Scheme: apiClient.Scheme()})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	// 绑定角色没有凭据读取权限，也不需要测试中的管理用户权限。
+	secret := &corev1.Secret{}
+	if err := restricted.Get(t.Context(), client.ObjectKey{Namespace: bindingNamespace, Name: "not-readable"}, secret); !apierrors.IsForbidden(err) {
+		t.Fatalf("绑定 controller 读取 Secret = %v, want Forbidden", err)
+	}
+	return controllerConfig
+}
+
+func waitForTenant(t *testing.T, apiClient client.Client, tenant *databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLTenant,
+	predicate func(*databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLTenant) bool) {
+	t.Helper()
+	deadline := time.NewTimer(10 * time.Second)
+	defer deadline.Stop()
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(25 * time.Millisecond)
+	defer ticker.Stop()
+	for {
+		current := &databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLTenant{}
+		if err := apiClient.Get(t.Context(), client.ObjectKeyFromObject(tenant), current); err == nil && predicate(current) {
+			return
+		}
+		select {
+		case <-deadline.C:
+			t.Fatalf("Tenant %s 未在 watch 期限内收敛", tenant.Name)
+		case <-ticker.C:
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func readyInstance(t *testing.T, apiClient client.Client, name string) *databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLInstance {
+	t.Helper()
+	instance := &databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLInstance{}
+	instance.Name = name
+	instance.Spec.Endpoint = databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLEndpoint{Host: "postgres.example.test", HostAddr: "127.0.0.1"}
+	instance.Spec.AdminCredentialRef.Name = "admin"
+	requireCreate(t, apiClient, instance)
+	instance.Status.Conditions = readyConditions(instance.Generation)
+	if err := apiClient.Status().Update(t.Context(), instance); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return instance
+}
+
+func availableDatabase(t *testing.T, apiClient client.Client, name string,
+	instance *databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLInstance) *databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabase {
+	t.Helper()
+	database := &databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabase{}
+	database.Name = name
+	database.Spec = databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabaseSpec{
+		InstanceRef: databasev1alpha1.InstanceReference{Name: databasev1alpha1.ObjectName(instance.Name)},
+		Database:    "existing", LoginRole: "existing", Source: "Import",
+		CredentialRef: &databasev1alpha1.CredentialReference{Mount: "secret", Path: "existing/app"},
+	}
+	requireCreate(t, apiClient, database)
+	database.Status.InstanceUID = instance.UID
+	database.Status.Phase = "Available"
+	database.Status.Conditions = readyConditions(database.Generation)
+	if err := apiClient.Status().Update(t.Context(), database); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return database
+}
+
+func readyConditions(generation int64) []metav1.Condition {
+	return []metav1.Condition{{Type: "Ready", Status: metav1.ConditionTrue, Reason: "Verified",
+		Message: "测试提供的后端观察", ObservedGeneration: generation, LastTransitionTime: metav1.Now()}}
+}
+
+func provisionTenant(name, instance string) *databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLTenant {
+	tenant := &databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLTenant{}
+	tenant.Name, tenant.Namespace = name, bindingNamespace
+	tenant.Spec.Provision = &databasev1alpha1.DatabaseProvisionRequest{
+		InstanceRef: databasev1alpha1.InstanceReference{Name: databasev1alpha1.ObjectName(instance)},
+	}
+	return tenant
+}
+
+func existingTenant(name, database string) *databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLTenant {
+	tenant := &databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLTenant{}
+	tenant.Name, tenant.Namespace = name, bindingNamespace
+	tenant.Spec.DatabaseRef = &databasev1alpha1.DatabaseReference{Name: databasev1alpha1.ObjectName(database)}
+	return tenant
+}
+
+func requireCreate(t *testing.T, apiClient client.Client, object client.Object) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if err := apiClient.Create(t.Context(), object); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}
+
+func reload(t *testing.T, apiClient client.Client, object client.Object) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if err := apiClient.Get(t.Context(), client.ObjectKeyFromObject(object), object); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}
+
+func reconcileOK(t *testing.T, reconciler *BindingReconciler, tenant *databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLTenant) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if _, err := reconciler.Reconcile(t.Context(), ctrl.Request{
+		NamespacedName: client.ObjectKeyFromObject(tenant),
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}
+
+func assertNotReady(t *testing.T, tenant *databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLTenant, reason string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	condition := meta.FindStatusCondition(tenant.Status.Conditions, "Ready")
+	if condition == nil || condition.Status != metav1.ConditionFalse || condition.Reason != reason {
+		t.Fatalf("Ready condition 不符: %+v", condition)
+	}
+}

internal/database/controller/binding_setup.go

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+package controller
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	databasev1alpha1 "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/api/database/v1alpha1"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/adapter/kubernetes"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/types"
+	ctrl "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/client"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/handler"
+)
+
+const targetDatabaseIndex = "database.bindingTarget"
+
+func (r *BindingReconciler) SetupWithManager(ctx context.Context, manager ctrl.Manager) error {
+	if r.Client == nil {
+		r.Client = manager.GetClient()
+	}
+	if r.Reader == nil {
+		r.Reader = manager.GetAPIReader()
+	}
+	if err := manager.GetFieldIndexer().IndexField(ctx, &databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLTenant{},
+		targetDatabaseIndex, func(object client.Object) []string {
+			tenant := object.(*databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLTenant)
+			return []string{kubernetes.BindingTargetName(tenant)}
+		}); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return ctrl.NewControllerManagedBy(manager).
+		Named("database-binding").
+		For(&databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLTenant{}).
+		Watches(&databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabase{}, handler.EnqueueRequestsFromMapFunc(r.requestsForDatabase)).
+		Watches(&databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLInstance{}, handler.EnqueueRequestsFromMapFunc(r.requestsForInstance)).
+		Complete(r)
+}
+
+func (r *BindingReconciler) requestsForDatabase(ctx context.Context, object client.Object) []ctrl.Request {
+	tenants := &databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLTenantList{}
+	if err := r.Client.List(ctx, tenants, client.MatchingFields{targetDatabaseIndex: object.GetName()}); err != nil {
+		ctrl.LoggerFrom(ctx).Error(err, "无法映射 Database 事件；等待低频重试")
+		return nil
+	}
+	requests := make([]ctrl.Request, 0, len(tenants.Items))
+	for _, tenant := range tenants.Items {
+		requests = append(requests, ctrl.Request{NamespacedName: client.ObjectKeyFromObject(&tenant)})
+	}
+	return requests
+}
+
+func (r *BindingReconciler) requestsForInstance(ctx context.Context, object client.Object) []ctrl.Request {
+	// 当前只有 homelab 内部申请，使用 cache 列表过滤，不维护另一份实例/租户集合。
+	tenants := &databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLTenantList{}
+	if err := r.Client.List(ctx, tenants); err != nil {
+		ctrl.LoggerFrom(ctx).Error(err, "无法映射 Instance 事件；等待低频重试")
+		return nil
+	}
+	requests := make([]ctrl.Request, 0, len(tenants.Items))
+	for _, tenant := range tenants.Items {
+		instanceName := ""
+		if tenant.Spec.Provision != nil {
+			instanceName = string(tenant.Spec.Provision.InstanceRef.Name)
+		} else if tenant.Spec.DatabaseRef != nil {
+			database := &databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabase{}
+			if err := r.Client.Get(ctx, types.NamespacedName{Name: string(tenant.Spec.DatabaseRef.Name)}, database); err != nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			instanceName = string(database.Spec.InstanceRef.Name)
+		}
+		if instanceName == object.GetName() {
+			requests = append(requests, ctrl.Request{NamespacedName: client.ObjectKeyFromObject(&tenant)})
+		}
+	}
+	return requests
+}

internal/database/controller/instance_controller.go

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+package controller
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"time"
+
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/adapter/kubernetes"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/application"
+	ctrl "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/client"
+)
+
+type InstanceReconciler struct {
+	Client          client.Client
+	Reader          client.Reader
+	Observer        application.InstanceObserver
+	SecretNamespace string
+}
+
+// +kubebuilder:rbac:groups=database.ayatori.ddupan.top,resources=postgresqlinstances,verbs=get;list;watch;update;patch
+// +kubebuilder:rbac:groups=database.ayatori.ddupan.top,resources=postgresqlinstances/status,verbs=get;update;patch
+// +kubebuilder:rbac:groups=database.ayatori.ddupan.top,resources=postgresqlinstances/finalizers,verbs=update
+// Secret 权限单独声明为 namespace Role，不放入生成的 ClusterRole。
+
+func (r *InstanceReconciler) Reconcile(ctx context.Context, request ctrl.Request) (ctrl.Result, error) {
+	resources := &kubernetes.InstanceResources{Client: r.Client, Reader: r.Reader}
+	service := application.InstanceReconciliation{Resources: resources, Observer: r.Observer}
+	observationContext, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 15*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+	result, err := service.Reconcile(observationContext, request.Name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ctrl.Result{}, err
+	}
+	// 查询超时后仍用 worker context 保存安全失败结果；manager 停止时不强行写入。
+	if err := resources.PresentInstance(ctx, result); err != nil {
+		return ctrl.Result{}, err
+	}
+	if result.Record == nil || result.RemoveProtection {
+		return ctrl.Result{}, nil
+	}
+	return ctrl.Result{RequeueAfter: dependencyRetry}, nil
+}

internal/database/controller/instance_controller_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+package controller
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+
+	databasev1alpha1 "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/api/database/v1alpha1"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/adapter/kubernetes"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/application"
+	"git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/internal/database/domain/instance"
+	apierrors "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/errors"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/meta"
+	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
+	ctrl "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/client"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/controller/controllerutil"
+)
+
+type instanceBackend struct {
+	checks  instance.ManagementChecks
+	err     error
+	inspect func()
+	closed  int
+}
+
+func (b *instanceBackend) Read(context.Context, instance.CredentialReference) (application.Credentials, error) {
+	return application.NewCredentials("fixture", "test-only-instance-password")
+}
+
+func (b *instanceBackend) Connect(context.Context, instance.Endpoint, application.Credentials) (application.Database, error) {
+	return b, nil
+}
+
+func (b *instanceBackend) InspectMetadata(context.Context) (application.DatabaseMetadata, error) {
+	return application.DatabaseMetadata{Version: "18"}, nil
+}
+
+func (b *instanceBackend) InspectManagement(context.Context) (application.DatabaseMetadata, error) {
+	if b.inspect != nil {
+		b.inspect()
+	}
+	return application.DatabaseMetadata{Version: "18", Management: b.checks}, b.err
+}
+
+func (b *instanceBackend) Close() { b.closed++ }
+
+func newInstanceReconciler(t *testing.T, apiClient client.Client, backend *instanceBackend) *InstanceReconciler {
+	t.Helper()
+	service, err := application.NewInstanceService(backend, backend)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(service.Close)
+	return &InstanceReconciler{Client: apiClient, Reader: apiClient, Observer: service}
+}
+
+func reconcileInstance(t *testing.T, reconciler *InstanceReconciler, object *databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLInstance) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if _, err := reconciler.Reconcile(t.Context(), ctrl.Request{NamespacedName: client.ObjectKeyFromObject(object)}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}
+
+func assertInstanceReason(t *testing.T, object *databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLInstance, reason string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	condition := meta.FindStatusCondition(object.Status.Conditions, "Ready")
+	if condition == nil || condition.Reason != reason || condition.ObservedGeneration != object.Generation {
+		t.Fatalf("Instance 状态不是当前 generation 的 %s", reason)
+	}
+	if reason != "ManagementReady" && condition.Status != metav1.ConditionFalse {
+		t.Fatal("失败状态仍为 Ready")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestInstanceObservationAPI(t *testing.T) {
+	apiClient, _, _ := bindingEnvironment(t)
+	backend := &instanceBackend{checks: instance.ManagementChecks{
+		Connection: instance.CheckPassed, Metadata: instance.CheckPassed,
+		Roles: instance.CheckPassed, Databases: instance.CheckPassed,
+		Grants: instance.CheckPassed, Extensions: instance.CheckPassed,
+	}}
+	reconciler := newInstanceReconciler(t, apiClient, backend)
+	object := readyInstance(t, apiClient, "observed-instance")
+	backend.inspect = func() {
+		current := &databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLInstance{}
+		current.Name = object.Name
+		reload(t, apiClient, current)
+		if !controllerutil.ContainsFinalizer(current, kubernetes.InstanceFinalizer) {
+			t.Fatal("观察早于 finalizer 持久化")
+		}
+	}
+	reconcileInstance(t, reconciler, object)
+	reload(t, apiClient, object)
+	assertInstanceReason(t, object, "ManagementReady")
+	if object.Status.Phase != string(instance.PhaseReady) || object.Status.PostgreSQLVersion != "18" {
+		t.Fatal("当前成功观察未呈现")
+	}
+	before := object.ResourceVersion
+	reconcileInstance(t, reconciler, object)
+	reload(t, apiClient, object)
+	if object.ResourceVersion != before {
+		t.Fatal("相同观察不应反复写入 status")
+	}
+	backend.err = application.ErrAuthentication
+	reconcileInstance(t, reconciler, object)
+	reload(t, apiClient, object)
+	assertInstanceReason(t, object, "AuthenticationFailed")
+	if backend.closed != 1 || object.Status.PostgreSQLVersion != "" {
+		t.Fatal("观察失败应释放连接并清除旧版本结果")
+	}
+	backend.err = nil
+	backend.checks.Grants = instance.CheckUnobserved
+	reconcileInstance(t, reconciler, object)
+	reload(t, apiClient, object)
+	assertInstanceReason(t, object, "ObservationIncomplete")
+	backend.checks.Grants = instance.CheckPassed
+	// 用新 service/reconciler 恢复；不依赖上轮领域对象或 Ready。
+	reconciler = newInstanceReconciler(t, apiClient, backend)
+	reconcileInstance(t, reconciler, object)
+	reload(t, apiClient, object)
+	assertInstanceReason(t, object, "ManagementReady")
+
+	backend.inspect = func() {
+		reload(t, apiClient, object)
+		object.Annotations = map[string]string{"concurrent": "kept-by-instance-test"}
+		if err := apiClient.Update(t.Context(), object); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+	_, err := reconciler.Reconcile(t.Context(), ctrl.Request{NamespacedName: client.ObjectKeyFromObject(object)})
+	if !apierrors.IsConflict(err) {
+		t.Fatal("旧观察不应覆盖在途 API 修改")
+	}
+	backend.inspect = nil
+	reconcileInstance(t, reconciler, object)
+	reload(t, apiClient, object)
+	if object.Annotations["concurrent"] != "kept-by-instance-test" {
+		t.Fatal("重试覆盖了其他字段")
+	}
+}
+
+type failedReferenceReader struct{ client.Reader }
+
+func (*failedReferenceReader) List(context.Context, client.ObjectList, ...client.ListOption) error {
+	return errors.New("injected reference list failure")
+}
+
+func TestInstanceDeletionProtection(t *testing.T) {
+	apiClient, _, _ := bindingEnvironment(t)
+	backend := &instanceBackend{}
+	reconciler := newInstanceReconciler(t, apiClient, backend)
+	object := readyInstance(t, apiClient, "protected-instance")
+	reconcileInstance(t, reconciler, object)
+	reload(t, apiClient, object)
+	database := availableDatabase(t, apiClient, "retained-database", object)
+	database.Status.Phase = "Released"
+	if err := apiClient.Status().Update(t.Context(), database); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	tenant := provisionTenant("pending-request", object.Name)
+	requireCreate(t, apiClient, tenant)
+	if err := apiClient.Delete(t.Context(), object); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	backend.inspect = func() { t.Fatal("删除中不应连接 PostgreSQL") }
+	reconciler.Reader = &failedReferenceReader{Reader: apiClient}
+	reconcileInstance(t, reconciler, object)
+	reload(t, apiClient, object)
+	assertInstanceReason(t, object, reasonDependency)
+	reconciler.Reader = apiClient
+	reconcileInstance(t, reconciler, object)
+	reload(t, apiClient, object)
+	assertInstanceReason(t, object, "InstanceInUse")
+	if object.Status.Phase != string(instance.PhaseDeleting) || backend.closed != 1 {
+		t.Fatal("删除没有停止本地观察")
+	}
+	if err := apiClient.Delete(t.Context(), database); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	reconcileInstance(t, reconciler, object)
+	reload(t, apiClient, object)
+	assertInstanceReason(t, object, "InstanceInUse")
+	if err := apiClient.Delete(t.Context(), tenant); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	reconcileInstance(t, reconciler, object)
+	if err := apiClient.Get(t.Context(), client.ObjectKeyFromObject(object), object); !apierrors.IsNotFound(err) {
+		t.Fatal("最后一个引用解除后 Instance 应可删除")
+	}
+	reconcileInstance(t, reconciler, object)
+}

internal/database/controller/instance_setup.go

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+package controller
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+
+	databasev1alpha1 "git.ddupan.top/panxiao81/ayatori/api/database/v1alpha1"
+	corev1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/validation"
+	ctrl "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/cache"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/client"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/handler"
+)
+
+// InstanceCacheOptions 必须在创建 manager 时使用；只 watch 固定 namespace 的 Secret metadata。
+// SecretCredentials 始终直读 API，不会令共享 cache 保存密码。
+func InstanceCacheOptions(namespace string) cache.Options {
+	return cache.Options{ByObject: map[client.Object]cache.ByObject{
+		&corev1.Secret{}: {Namespaces: map[string]cache.Config{namespace: {}}},
+	}}
+}
+
+func (r *InstanceReconciler) SetupWithManager(manager ctrl.Manager) error {
+	if r.Observer == nil || len(validation.IsDNS1123Label(r.SecretNamespace)) != 0 {
+		return errors.New("instance observer and valid management Secret namespace required")
+	}
+	if r.Client == nil {
+		r.Client = manager.GetClient()
+	}
+	if r.Reader == nil {
+		r.Reader = manager.GetAPIReader()
+	}
+	return ctrl.NewControllerManagedBy(manager).
+		Named("database-instance").
+		For(&databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLInstance{}).
+		WatchesMetadata(&corev1.Secret{}, handler.EnqueueRequestsFromMapFunc(r.instancesForSecret)).
+		Watches(&databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabase{}, handler.EnqueueRequestsFromMapFunc(r.instanceForReference)).
+		Watches(&databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLTenant{}, handler.EnqueueRequestsFromMapFunc(r.instanceForReference)).
+		Complete(r)
+}
+
+func (r *InstanceReconciler) instancesForSecret(ctx context.Context, object client.Object) []ctrl.Request {
+	if object.GetNamespace() != r.SecretNamespace {
+		return nil
+	}
+	instances := &databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLInstanceList{}
+	if err := r.Client.List(ctx, instances); err != nil {
+		ctrl.LoggerFrom(ctx).Error(err, "无法映射管理 Secret 事件；等待低频重试")
+		return nil
+	}
+	var requests []ctrl.Request
+	for _, item := range instances.Items {
+		if string(item.Spec.AdminCredentialRef.Name) == object.GetName() {
+			request := ctrl.Request{Name: item.Name}
+			requests = append(requests, request)
+		}
+	}
+	return requests
+}
+
+func (r *InstanceReconciler) instanceForReference(_ context.Context, object client.Object) []ctrl.Request {
+	var name string
+	switch item := object.(type) {
+	case *databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLDatabase:
+		name = string(item.Spec.InstanceRef.Name)
+	case *databasev1alpha1.PostgreSQLTenant:
+		if item.Spec.Provision != nil {
+			name = string(item.Spec.Provision.InstanceRef.Name)
+		}
+	}
+	if name == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	request := ctrl.Request{Name: name}
+	return []ctrl.Request{request}
+}

internal/database/domain/binding/binding.go

@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+// Package binding 定义资源与申请的纯绑定规则，不访问 Kubernetes 或数据库。
+package binding
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"regexp"
+)
+
+const (
+	Binding               = "Binding"
+	Bound                 = "Bound"
+	Deleting              = "Deleting"
+	Conflict              = "Conflict"
+	DependencyUnavailable = "DependencyUnavailable"
+)
+
+type Identity struct {
+	Name string
+	UID  string
+}
+
+type TenantIdentity struct {
+	Namespace string
+	Name      string
+	UID       string
+}
+
+// Request 保留用户输入；Resolve 产生默认值已确定的目标，不修改原请求。
+type Request struct {
+	Provision        *ProvisionRequest
+	ExistingDatabase string
+}
+
+type ProvisionRequest struct {
+	Instance  string
+	Database  string
+	LoginRole string
+}
+
+type Target struct {
+	Name      string
+	Provision *ProvisionRequest
+}
+
+var identifier = regexp.MustCompile(`^[a-z][a-z0-9_]{0,62}$`)
+
+func (r Request) Resolve(tenant TenantIdentity) (Target, error) {
+	if (r.Provision == nil) == (r.ExistingDatabase == "") {
+		return Target{}, fmt.Errorf("必须且只能选择动态申请或已有 Database")
+	}
+	if r.Provision == nil {
+		return Target{Name: r.ExistingDatabase}, nil
+	}
+	provision := *r.Provision
+	if provision.Database == "" {
+		provision.Database = tenant.Name
+	}
+	if provision.LoginRole == "" {
+		provision.LoginRole = tenant.Name
+	}
+	if !identifier.MatchString(provision.Database) || !identifier.MatchString(provision.LoginRole) {
+		return Target{}, fmt.Errorf("动态 database/loginRole 必须符合 PostgreSQL identifier 规则；省略时使用 Tenant 名称")
+	}
+	return Target{Name: DynamicDatabaseName(tenant.UID), Provision: &provision}, nil
+}
+
+func DynamicDatabaseName(tenantUID string) string { return "tenant-" + tenantUID }
+
+type Tenant struct {
+	Identity TenantIdentity
+	Request  Request
+	Phase    string
+	Deleting bool
+	Database *Identity
+}
+
+// Database 是绑定所需的资源事实，不包含存储版本、Conditions 或客户端对象。
+type Database struct {
+	Identity    Identity
+	Instance    string
+	InstanceUID string
+	Name        string
+	LoginRole   string
+	Source      string
+	Tenant      *TenantIdentity
+	Phase       string
+	Deleting    bool
+	Ready       bool
+}
+
+type Instance struct {
+	Identity Identity
+	Deleting bool
+	Ready    bool
+}
+
+type Issue struct {
+	Reason  string
+	Message string
+}
+
+func (d Database) MatchesProvision(target Target, tenant TenantIdentity) bool {
+	return target.Provision != nil && d.Source == "Provision" && d.Instance == target.Provision.Instance &&
+		d.Name == target.Provision.Database && d.LoginRole == target.Provision.LoginRole &&
+		d.Tenant != nil && *d.Tenant == tenant
+}
+
+func (i Instance) Check(database *Database) *Issue {
+	if i.Deleting || !i.Ready {
+		return &Issue{DependencyUnavailable, "Instance 正在删除或尚无当前版本的 Ready 观察"}
+	}
+	if database != nil && database.InstanceUID != "" && database.InstanceUID != i.Identity.UID {
+		return &Issue{Conflict, "Instance UID 已变化；请核实实例身份，未迁移或接管资源"}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (d Database) CanBind(tenant Tenant) *Issue {
+	if tenant.Database != nil && tenant.Database.UID != d.Identity.UID {
+		return &Issue{Conflict, fmt.Sprintf("Database %s 的 UID 与已记录绑定不同；请核实同名重建，未接管新对象", d.Identity.Name)}
+	}
+	if d.Deleting || d.Phase == "Released" || d.Phase == Deleting {
+		return &Issue{Conflict, "Database 正在删除或处于 Released；请由管理员核实并处理，未重新分配"}
+	}
+	if d.Tenant != nil {
+		if *d.Tenant != tenant.Identity {
+			return &Issue{Conflict, fmt.Sprintf("Database %s 已绑定 Tenant %s/%s（UID %s）；未抢占",
+				d.Identity.Name, d.Tenant.Namespace, d.Tenant.Name, d.Tenant.UID)}
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+	if d.Phase != "Available" || !d.Ready {
+		return &Issue{DependencyUnavailable, "Database 尚未完成验证并进入 Available，等待资源观察"}
+	}
+	return nil
+}

internal/database/domain/binding/binding_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+package binding
+
+import "testing"
+
+const (
+	testNamespace = "apps"
+	testApp       = "app"
+	testInstance  = "shared"
+	testOwner     = "owner"
+	testExisting  = "existing"
+	testOther     = "other"
+)
+
+func TestRequestResolve(t *testing.T) {
+	tenant := TenantIdentity{Namespace: testNamespace, Name: testApp, UID: "tenant-uid"}
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		request Request
+		valid   bool
+	}{
+		{"动态默认值", Request{Provision: &ProvisionRequest{Instance: testInstance}}, true},
+		{"显式名称", Request{Provision: &ProvisionRequest{Instance: testInstance, Database: "custom", LoginRole: testOwner}}, true},
+		{"已有资源", Request{ExistingDatabase: testExisting}, true},
+		{"没有入口", Request{}, false},
+		{"同时指定入口", Request{Provision: &ProvisionRequest{}, ExistingDatabase: testExisting}, false},
+		{"非法库名", Request{Provision: &ProvisionRequest{Database: "bad-name"}}, false},
+		{"非法角色名", Request{Provision: &ProvisionRequest{LoginRole: "bad-name"}}, false},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			target, err := tc.request.Resolve(tenant)
+			if (err == nil) != tc.valid {
+				t.Fatalf("Resolve() = %v, valid = %v", err, tc.valid)
+			}
+			if !tc.valid {
+				return
+			}
+			if tc.request.Provision == nil {
+				if target.Name != testExisting || target.Provision != nil {
+					t.Fatal("已有资源不应推导 Instance 或供应请求")
+				}
+				return
+			}
+			if target.Name != "tenant-tenant-uid" || target.Provision == tc.request.Provision {
+				t.Fatal("目标名称不稳定，或 Resolve 未复制输入")
+			}
+			if tc.request.Provision.Database == "" && target.Provision.Database != tenant.Name {
+				t.Fatal("数据库默认名称不符")
+			}
+			if tc.request.Provision.LoginRole == "" && target.Provision.LoginRole != tenant.Name {
+				t.Fatal("角色默认名称不符")
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDatabaseCanBind(t *testing.T) {
+	tenant := Tenant{Identity: TenantIdentity{Namespace: testNamespace, Name: testApp, UID: "current"}}
+	tests := []struct {
+		name   string
+		change func(*Database, *Tenant)
+		reason string
+	}{
+		{"空闲且就绪", func(*Database, *Tenant) {}, ""},
+		{"同一绑定重试", func(d *Database, t *Tenant) { d.Tenant = &t.Identity; d.Ready = false }, ""},
+		{"尚未观察", func(d *Database, _ *Tenant) { d.Ready = false }, DependencyUnavailable},
+		{"尚未Available", func(d *Database, _ *Tenant) { d.Phase = "Pending" }, DependencyUnavailable},
+		{"Released", func(d *Database, _ *Tenant) { d.Phase = "Released" }, Conflict},
+		{"删除标记", func(d *Database, _ *Tenant) { d.Deleting = true }, Conflict},
+		{"删除阶段", func(d *Database, _ *Tenant) { d.Phase = Deleting }, Conflict},
+		{"已被占用", func(d *Database, _ *Tenant) { d.Tenant = &TenantIdentity{UID: testOther} }, Conflict},
+		{"同名新申请", func(d *Database, t *Tenant) { old := t.Identity; old.UID = "old"; d.Tenant = &old }, Conflict},
+		{"同名新资源", func(_ *Database, t *Tenant) { t.Database = &Identity{Name: "resource", UID: "old"} }, Conflict},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			database := Database{Identity: Identity{Name: "resource", UID: "database-uid"}, Phase: "Available", Ready: true}
+			currentTenant := tenant
+			tc.change(&database, &currentTenant)
+			checkIssue(t, database.CanBind(currentTenant), tc.reason)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestInstanceCheck(t *testing.T) {
+	instance := Instance{Identity: Identity{UID: "instance"}, Ready: true}
+	checkIssue(t, instance.Check(nil), "")
+	checkIssue(t, instance.Check(&Database{InstanceUID: "instance"}), "")
+	checkIssue(t, instance.Check(&Database{InstanceUID: "replaced"}), Conflict)
+	instance.Ready = false
+	checkIssue(t, instance.Check(nil), DependencyUnavailable)
+	instance.Ready, instance.Deleting = true, true
+	checkIssue(t, instance.Check(nil), DependencyUnavailable)
+}
+
+func TestMatchesProvision(t *testing.T) {
+	tenant := TenantIdentity{Namespace: testNamespace, Name: testApp, UID: "tenant"}
+	target := Target{Provision: &ProvisionRequest{Instance: testInstance, Database: testApp, LoginRole: testOwner}}
+	database := Database{Source: "Provision", Instance: testInstance, Name: testApp, LoginRole: testOwner, Tenant: &tenant}
+	if !database.MatchesProvision(target, tenant) {
+		t.Fatal("相同目标与身份应允许重试")
+	}
+	mutations := []func(*Database){
+		func(d *Database) { d.Source = "Import" },
+		func(d *Database) { d.Instance = testOther },
+		func(d *Database) { d.Name = testOther },
+		func(d *Database) { d.LoginRole = testOther },
+		func(d *Database) { d.Tenant = nil },
+		func(d *Database) { d.Tenant = &TenantIdentity{UID: testOther} },
+	}
+	for _, mutate := range mutations {
+		changed := database
+		mutate(&changed)
+		if changed.MatchesProvision(target, tenant) {
+			t.Fatal("不匹配的记录不能仅靠名称被认领")
+		}
+	}
+	if database.MatchesProvision(Target{}, tenant) {
+		t.Fatal("已有资源申请不是动态供应重试")
+	}
+}
+
+func checkIssue(t *testing.T, issue *Issue, reason string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if reason == "" {
+		if issue != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("不应拒绝: %+v", issue)
+		}
+		return
+	}
+	if issue == nil || issue.Reason != reason || issue.Message == "" {
+		t.Fatalf("issue = %+v, want %s 与可读诊断", issue, reason)
+	}
+}